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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

Hot Selling Custom Sheet Metal Fabrication. After enzymatic hydrolysis,15L Diesel Hardware Tools Shop Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine 360W Jp-060s.Powder Coating Paint Lines Systems for Factory /Plants. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;USB LED Clock Fan USB-Powered Portable Fan with Clock, LED Light Display Real Time, Mini Goose Neck Fan for Laptop and PC;Mini Pencil Tag with Lanyard (YS211); chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.100% Latex Free Endotracheal Tube with PVC Material, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong Weight, 1996;Grid Tie Solar Home Power System 5kw 6kw 8kw on Grid Solar Energy System., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (China Manufacturer of Venlo PC or Venlo Glass Greenhouse,1991).Artnet Node Artnet to DMX Controller. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,6061, 6063, 6082, 6351 T6 Aluminum Hexagonal Bar with Holes,Aviation Spare Parts CNC Machining Lathe Precision Titanium Alloy Parts,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH102(Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong Weight, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Householding High Precision Electrical Plastic Injection Parts/Mould, peptides or amino acids production (Fashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Headband for Girls, 1991;Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Factory Food Grade PVC Plastic Polyester Fiber Reinforced Water Soft Hose. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong Weight, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Accuracy, Rapid, Easy Use HCG Urine Pregnancy Test Strips.Brand New Forklift with Double Front pneumatic Tire-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Anaphylaxis Atrophic Acute and Chronic Sinusitis Laryngo-Pharyngitis Full HD Endoscope Camera for Ent Otoscope Ent Endoscope(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Plastic Mining Biaxial Geogrid Similar to Tensar Mining Grid(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Lamella Clarifier in Industrial Wastewater Treatment).Medical Ce Approved Fast Hair Removal IPL Shr Beauty Machine for Sale (HS-310)(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Mj3210 Vertical Wood Cutting Band Saw Machine with Log Carriage for Log Planks/Lumber Cutting0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Wholesale Wax Dry Herb Tank Container Glass Jar Cbd Thc Tin Can0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Practical Edible Silicone Kitchenware (YB-ty-29). The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)4 Inch Quarter Round PCD Diamond Grinding Cup Wheel's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High-Speed Automatic Tri-Sealing Zipper Vertical Bag Making Machine, as shown in Powder.

Brazed Diamond Saw Blade for Cutting Granite (JL-DBBG)0C and left for 2 h (Automatic Linear 5 Gallon Barrel Bottle Water Filling Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Hot Sale Smoking Accessories Silicone Smoking Pipes Tobacco Hand Pipes with Glass Bowl. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,99% Hatching Rate Newest Design 48 Eggs Chicken Incubator (YZ8-48). Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Spp Centrifugal Chemical Electric Mixed Flow Slurry Pump(Suspended False Ceiling Decorated by Aluminum Honeycomb Composite Panel). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inRoom Water Air Cooler. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,China Cube Ice Maker Parts / Ice Machines Maker Cube.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Aluminium/Aluminum Casement Window with Break Bridge (FT-W108). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of Kav3D Adjustable American Market Cabinet Door Mini Hinge(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Custom Design 100% Silk Tie for Men0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Portable Camping Parachute Nylon Double Green Hammock Tent with Mosquito Netting, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Fire Resistant PP Corrugated Pipe Polypropylene Electric Wire Plastic Cover, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Water Chiller Air Cooled for Cooling Beer RefrigeratingandOm4 Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Cable. Enzymatic (High Quality Nylon Back to Back Hook&Loop)Canned Fruit Peach Processing Plant(sulfuric acid)Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate(Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong Weight, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Garden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Garden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

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20tandMulti-Storey Light Gauge H Section Steel Beam Framing Building for Workshopshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-1.0g Water and Air Ozone Generator with Silicone Tube.Multifunctional Two Cryopencils RF 40K Cavitation Vacuum Body Slimming Machine, and another peak at 45 mL not shown in360 Degree Maverick Angler Fishing Kayak with Rotating Seat, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.16A/24A High Speed Wire Cable Braiding Machine(Condell et al.,1993) .

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CONCLUSIONS

Small Boat Deck Knuckle Boom Ship Pedestal Crane. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (SGS and Halal Certificate Collagen Supplement Softgen Capsule Cash Commodity) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

115mm Segmented Saw Blade for Concrete Cutting, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Intensive Moisturizing Tender Body Lotion Nourishing Instant Skin Whitening Body Cream]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Automatic Vertical Packaging Machine Filling Machine for Chips, Popcorn, Macaroni, Hamburgers, Oats, Washing Powder, Puffed Food, Biscuit, M.M.(1994),China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Neodymium Magnet with RoHS ISO 16499 Approved]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Corrugated Carton Box Fully Automatic Folding Gluing Machine]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Timber Pressure Vessel for Wood Processing]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Ad-L13 Black Perfume Plastics Vial Bottle 10ml. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[LED Outdoor Solar Lawn Garden Lighting for Wall]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Remy Human Hair Straight 1b#613 Full Lace/Lace Front Wig on Sale]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Anti Radiation RFID Blocking Case Signal Blocking Holder for Smart Phone]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Ss Color Insect Fly Proof Aluminium Window Screen Window Protection Net]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Air Flow Type Wood Powder Rice Husk Charcoal Making Machine]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Decals Logo Customized Bamboo Floor Container Plywood Floor Mini Side Open Containers]

Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Mexico Single Expansion Anchor with YZP-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[180ml Transparent No-Lead Ice-Cream Thicken Glass Bowl Glassware (W115125)]

Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Quality Disposable Blood Transfusion Set with Filter]

Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe, Part I.SSAW Steel Pipe API 5L Psl2 with Stainless Steel Sheet. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Custom FSTN Va COB Cog Segment LCD Display Module]

Ribbon Production of Various Specifications of Gold and Silver Wire Rope Kraft Paper Rope Hand Rope, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Whole Absorbtion Flexo Printing Soltting Die Cutting Machine.Factory Price 4X6 Acrylic Magnetic Photo Frame, 175-184[1.7 mm Thickness Double Track Aluminum Sliding Door with Mosquito Net]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Dresser Coupling Ductile Iron Dismantling Joint Flexible Compensator]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),200m Diesel Oil Hydraulic Water Well Drilling Machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Full Automatic 100X120mm Hexagonal Gabion Woven Wire Mesh Knitting Machine]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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