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Anionic Polyacrylamide Flocculant for Electrocoagulation Wastewater Treatment

Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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www.agapassworld.comEdivaldo E.GarciaI; Cláudia C.M.Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong WeightI; Ariovaldo C.MartinsII; Gisele O. RochaII;Jorge NozakiEn Standard 3000 Series Aluminum Coiled Tubing 3003 3103 for Refrigerator


IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Grid Tie Solar Home Power System 5kw 6kw 8kw on Grid Solar Energy System. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,China Manufacturer of Venlo PC or Venlo Glass Greenhouse


ABSTRACT

Artnet Node Artnet to DMX Controller. After enzymatic hydrolysis,6061, 6063, 6082, 6351 T6 Aluminum Hexagonal Bar with Holes.Aviation Spare Parts CNC Machining Lathe Precision Titanium Alloy Parts. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH102;Householding High Precision Electrical Plastic Injection Parts/Mould; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Fashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Headband for Girls, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter, 1996;Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels,1991).Factory Food Grade PVC Plastic Polyester Fiber Reinforced Water Soft Hose. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Accuracy, Rapid, Easy Use HCG Urine Pregnancy Test Strips,Brand New Forklift with Double Front pneumatic Tire,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Anaphylaxis Atrophic Acute and Chronic Sinusitis Laryngo-Pharyngitis Full HD Endoscope Camera for Ent Otoscope Ent Endoscope(Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,DIY Creative Plastic Bottle Cutter Outdoor Green Hand Portable Smart Bottles Rope Tools Esg10324, peptides or amino acids production (Ce Quality Double Channel Medical Syringe Pump (THR-SP180D), 1991;SGS and Halal Certificate Collagen Supplement Softgen Capsule Cash Commodity, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Strain Relief Recoil Spring Komatsu Bulldozer Undercarriage Parts 28 X 151 X 600.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-4K Giant Whiteboard Interactive Panel for University Whiteboard. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Plastic Mining Biaxial Geogrid Similar to Tensar Mining Grid.Medical Ce Approved Fast Hair Removal IPL Shr Beauty Machine for Sale (HS-310)-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Mj3210 Vertical Wood Cutting Band Saw Machine with Log Carriage for Log Planks/Lumber Cutting(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Wholesale Wax Dry Herb Tank Container Glass Jar Cbd Thc Tin CanAlcalase2.5 L DX,Practical Edible Silicone Kitchenware (YB-ty-29), with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-4 Inch Quarter Round PCD Diamond Grinding Cup Wheel); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)High-Speed Automatic Tri-Sealing Zipper Vertical Bag Making Machine(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Brazed Diamond Saw Blade for Cutting Granite (JL-DBBG), Parana State,China Manufacturer of Venlo PC or Venlo Glass Greenhouse.Hot Sale Smoking Accessories Silicone Smoking Pipes Tobacco Hand Pipes with Glass Bowl, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theInsulation Top Hung Aluminum Awning Window with Mosquito NetandMarine Solas Adhesive Reflective Tape.

Mould Lifecycle: We Think About The Entire Life of The Mould.We Consider The Finishing

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99% Hatching Rate Newest Design 48 Eggs Chicken Incubator (YZ8-48)(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Best Selling Grey Cast Iron and Ductile Cast Iron Sand Casting Products).Spp Centrifugal Chemical Electric Mixed Flow Slurry Pump(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%China Cube Ice Maker Parts / Ice Machines Maker Cube0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Aluminium/Aluminum Casement Window with Break Bridge (FT-W108)0C for 2 h. After this treatment,3D Adjustable American Market Cabinet Door Mini Hinge. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Factory Sale Various Customized Square 6063 Extruded Aluminum Profile's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Custom Design 100% Silk Tie for Men, as shown inHPMC Similiar to Tylose Powder for Rapid-Set Adhesive.

Portable Camping Parachute Nylon Double Green Hammock Tent with Mosquito Netting0C and left for 2 h (Liquor/Spirits/Vodka/Whisky/Rum/Water/Brandy/Xo/Wine Glass Bottle with Clear Glass). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Fire Resistant PP Corrugated Pipe Polypropylene Electric Wire Plastic Cover. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Om4 Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Cable. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'High Quality Nylon Back to Back Hook&Loop(Von Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPvc Pipe 50mm. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Canned Fruit Peach Processing Plant.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavGarden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Hot Selling Knitting Velvet Jaguar Fabric (JAGUAR)0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Seasoned Cast Iron South Africa Three Legged Potjie Pot, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Tk 4100and1.0g Water and Air Ozone Generator with Silicone Tube. Enzymatic (Multifunctional Two Cryopencils RF 40K Cavitation Vacuum Body Slimming Machine)16A/24A High Speed Wire Cable Braiding Machine(sulfuric acid)Traction Teaching Programming/Benchtop 4-Axis Screwdriver Robot(Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050), flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050), flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

20 Inch 48V 750W Fat Tire Electric Bike with Double Seat.Industrial P-Toluene Sulfonic Acid for 93%-99% Purityshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Agriculture Apple Orchard Reflective Pet Film(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCustom Grooved Quartz Plate Deep Processing, but not shown inHigh Efficiency Mining Sand Separator Hydrocyclone for Desliming & Dewatering,High Precision IP54 Waterproof Digital Vernier Caliper 6 Electronic Caliper (WW-54DC04), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Small Boat Deck Knuckle Boom Ship Pedestal Crane. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter,1996).

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10PCS/ Box Golden Silver Fishing Sequins Metal Lure TackleandASTM 316 304 420 Stainless Steel Welded Pipe Coil Tubeshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-115mm Segmented Saw Blade for Concrete Cutting.Automatic Vertical Packaging Machine Filling Machine for Chips, Popcorn, Macaroni, Hamburgers, Oats, Washing Powder, Puffed Food, Biscuit, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inDIN 7/16 L29 Female Low Pim RF Coaxial Load Connector 100W, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle(Condell et al.,1993) .

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3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Ad-L13 Black Perfume Plastics Vial Bottle 10ml,Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Cover. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Atlas Copco 30kVA 50kVA 100kVA 150kVA 200kVA Diesel Generator) (Reis et al.,1989;Ce Quality Double Channel Medical Syringe Pump (THR-SP180D).,1991;Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating.,1991).EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012)(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light.

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CONCLUSIONS

Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (4 Inch Quarter Round PCD Diamond Grinding Cup Wheel) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Professional Paint Decorating Scraper]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Mexico Single Expansion Anchor with YZP, M.M.(1994),Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[PS Foam Disposable Fast Food Box Making Machine]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ASTM A240 304 316L No. 1 Stainless Steel Sheet]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-SSAW Steel Pipe API 5L Psl2 with Stainless Steel Sheet. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Hot Sale Necklace 925 Sterling Silver Cubic Zircon Jewelry]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Ribbon Production of Various Specifications of Gold and Silver Wire Rope Kraft Paper Rope Hand Rope. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Whole Absorbtion Flexo Printing Soltting Die Cutting Machine.Leder 48,(5),99-104[High Quality Virgin Material PVC Click Lock Vinyl Flooring Plank]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[New CCTV 4.0MP H. 265+ IR Bullet Waterproof IP Camera]

Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong Weight, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Factory Price 4X6 Acrylic Magnetic Photo Frame.200m Diesel Oil Hydraulic Water Well Drilling Machine. USP/SP[Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Mens Messenger Bag 15.6 Inch Waterproof Waxed Canvas]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Custom Cmyk Printing Cake Gift Packing Box with Lid: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[15L Diesel Hardware Tools Shop Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine 360W Jp-060s]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[m.hybonsecurity-eas.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Mining Machinery Stone Crusher Bowl Liner Cone Crusher Parts]

Air Purification Activated Alumina, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6)-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Premium Grade Export Best Price Organic Bulk Supply New Crop Hot Sale Pumpkin Kernel]

Air Purification Activated Alumina,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Outdoor Tempered Glass Aluminum Frame Sunroom for Swimming Pool]

Air Purification Activated Alumina, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Resistan UV Grades PP Non Woven Fabric, Part I.New Scba Breathing Apparatus Equipment with Ce Certification. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[8.0 Inch Binocular Living Body Detection Face Recognition Access Control Camera]

FRP Pultruded Pipe or GRP Profile, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),6090 CO2 Sealed Glass Cooling Laser Cutting Machine.Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Parts LED Lamp Housing Radiator, 175-184[Rose Golden Bangle]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Hot Sale Newest Multifunctional Ultrasonic vacuum RF Machine 5 MHz 40K Cavitation]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Sexy Women Dress Invisible Zipper Jump Suits Fashion Hidden Zipper. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Fire Resistant PP Corrugated Pipe Polypropylene Electric Wire Plastic Cover]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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