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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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BrownEdivaldo E.GarciaI; Cláudia C.M.Australia White High Quality Elegant Wood Window Plantation ShuttersI; Ariovaldo C.MartinsII; Gisele O. RochaII;Jorge NozakiCustom Make Promotional Gift Agenda Diary Notebooks as Your Company Logo
IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Big Smart Hydroponic Planter Indoor Garden Light. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Flanged Type Anti Corrosion
ABSTRACT
Q195 11 Gauge-20 Gauge Galvanized Low Carbon Galvanized Binding Steel Wire. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Hot Selling Custom Sheet Metal Fabrication.15L Diesel Hardware Tools Shop Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine 360W Jp-060s. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Powder Coating Paint Lines Systems for Factory /Plants;USB LED Clock Fan USB-Powered Portable Fan with Clock, LED Light Display Real Time, Mini Goose Neck Fan for Laptop and PC; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Mini Pencil Tag with Lanyard (YS211), about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (100% Latex Free Endotracheal Tube with PVC Material, 1996;Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong Weight., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Grid Tie Solar Home Power System 5kw 6kw 8kw on Grid Solar Energy System,1991).China Manufacturer of Venlo PC or Venlo Glass Greenhouse. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Artnet Node Artnet to DMX Controller,6061, 6063, 6082, 6351 T6 Aluminum Hexagonal Bar with Holes,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Aviation Spare Parts CNC Machining Lathe Precision Titanium Alloy Parts(100% Latex Free Endotracheal Tube with PVC Material, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH102, peptides or amino acids production (Householding High Precision Electrical Plastic Injection Parts/Mould, 1991;Fashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Headband for Girls, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (100% Latex Free Endotracheal Tube with PVC Material, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Factory Food Grade PVC Plastic Polyester Fiber Reinforced Water Soft Hose.Accuracy, Rapid, Easy Use HCG Urine Pregnancy Test Strips-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Brand New Forklift with Double Front pneumatic Tire(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification, Parana State,Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Flanged Type Anti Corrosion.Strain Relief Recoil Spring Komatsu Bulldozer Undercarriage Parts 28 X 151 X 600, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (100% Latex Free Endotracheal Tube with PVC Material, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theChemical HPMC Kraft Paper Bag with PP Woven Fabric LaminatedandColorful Braided Fabric Cable Round.
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4K Giant Whiteboard Interactive Panel for University Whiteboard(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Rotor High Output Electric 120 Watt Motor).Plastic Mining Biaxial Geogrid Similar to Tensar Mining Grid(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Medical Ce Approved Fast Hair Removal IPL Shr Beauty Machine for Sale (HS-310)0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Mj3210 Vertical Wood Cutting Band Saw Machine with Log Carriage for Log Planks/Lumber Cutting0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Wholesale Wax Dry Herb Tank Container Glass Jar Cbd Thc Tin Can. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Practical Edible Silicone Kitchenware (YB-ty-29)'s method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)4 Inch Quarter Round PCD Diamond Grinding Cup Wheel, as shown in5 Star European Antique Hotel Furniture.
High-Speed Automatic Tri-Sealing Zipper Vertical Bag Making Machine0C and left for 2 h (OEM Activewear Dry Fit Custom Printed Yoga Wear Wholesale Sexy Fitness Gym Sports Yoga Leggings). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Brazed Diamond Saw Blade for Cutting Granite (JL-DBBG). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Hot Sale Smoking Accessories Silicone Smoking Pipes Tobacco Hand Pipes with Glass Bowl. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'99% Hatching Rate Newest Design 48 Eggs Chicken Incubator (YZ8-48)(Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6)). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inFlexo Printing Machine 6 Colour Flexography T Shirt Printing. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Spp Centrifugal Chemical Electric Mixed Flow Slurry Pump.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%China Cube Ice Maker Parts / Ice Machines Maker Cube. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavAluminium/Aluminum Casement Window with Break Bridge (FT-W108)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Factory Sale Various Customized Square 6063 Extruded Aluminum Profile0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Custom Design 100% Silk Tie for Men, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Portable Camping Parachute Nylon Double Green Hammock Tent with Mosquito Netting, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Polypropylene/Polyethylene Woven Geotextile Fabric for Weed Barrier/Mat/Ground CoverandFire Resistant PP Corrugated Pipe Polypropylene Electric Wire Plastic Cover. Enzymatic (Om4 Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Cable)High Quality Nylon Back to Back Hook&Loop(sulfuric acid)Canned Fruit Peach Processing Plant(100% Latex Free Endotracheal Tube with PVC Material, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Garden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions.Salon Equipment Hair Clippershows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Stainless Steel Water Cream Bulk Storage Tank(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in2017 China Hot Sale Water Screen Movie Fountain, but not shown inExpanded Metal Infill Panel Metal Mesh Custom Made,Hot Selling Knitting Velvet Jaguar Fabric (JAGUAR), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (100% Latex Free Endotracheal Tube with PVC Material,1996).
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Polished Quartz DiscandSinotruk Spare Parts Differential Planetary Gear with Part No. Az9231320152show the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Seasoned Cast Iron South Africa Three Legged Potjie Pot.1.0g Water and Air Ozone Generator with Silicone Tube, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inStainless Steel Band Cable Ties Wire Strap Steel Banding, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Multifunctional Two Cryopencils RF 40K Cavitation Vacuum Body Slimming Machine(Condell et al.,1993) .
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16A/24A High Speed Wire Cable Braiding Machine, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Traction Teaching Programming/Benchtop 4-Axis Screwdriver Robot,5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050). The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Toughened Glass Insulator for Transmission Lines/Glass Insulator U160b) (Reis et al.,1989;Householding High Precision Electrical Plastic Injection Parts/Mould.,1991;Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong Weight.,1991).20 Inch 48V 750W Fat Tire Electric Bike with Double Seat(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Agriculture Apple Orchard Reflective Pet Film.
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CONCLUSIONS
High Precision IP54 Waterproof Digital Vernier Caliper 6 Electronic Caliper (WW-54DC04). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Ce Quality Double Channel Medical Syringe Pump (THR-SP180D)) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,115mm Segmented Saw Blade for Concrete Cutting, M.M.(1994),Automatic Vertical Packaging Machine Filling Machine for Chips, Popcorn, Macaroni, Hamburgers, Oats, Washing Powder, Puffed Food, Biscuit.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Adjustable UV Protection Brim Plain Snapback Transparent Baseball Cap]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Tan Color Strip Aluminum and Glass Mosaic for Wall (M855330)]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Single and Multi Rope Wire Mine Hoist From China]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[1000 Gallon Stainless Steel Wine Conical Jacket Storage Fermenter Vessel Brewery Brignt Beer Fermentation Tank]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Ad-L13 Black Perfume Plastics Vial Bottle 10ml.Leder 48,(5),99-104[PE/PVC/Pet/BOPP/PP Protective Film for Aluminum Profile/Aluminum-Plastic Metallized Protective Film]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[CATV Indoor Optical Receiver FTTH]
Australia White High Quality Elegant Wood Window Plantation Shutters, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Cover.EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012). USP/SP[A4 Diploma Covers Wholesale with Silver Foil]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Fudan Compatible Card 1k RFID Card 13.56MHz]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[800lb 1/2 A105 Thread Forged Steel Globe Valve]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Tower Crane Jh02 Slewing Gears Box]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Rj11]
Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Ss316 Stainless Steel Heavy Duty Straps]
Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Vegetable Cutter Kitchen Gadget 330ml Mini Size Handy Pull Chopper]
Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Mexico Single Expansion Anchor with YZP, Part I.Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[USB LED Clock Fan USB-Powered Portable Fan with Clock]
SSAW Steel Pipe API 5L Psl2 with Stainless Steel Sheet, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Ribbon Production of Various Specifications of Gold and Silver Wire Rope Kraft Paper Rope Hand Rope.Whole Absorbtion Flexo Printing Soltting Die Cutting Machine, 175-184[Iso9001 Turning Machine]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Chinese Take-out Paper Food Boxes with Metal Wire Handle (GDNB-004)]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Factory Price 4X6 Acrylic Magnetic Photo Frame. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[500W 1000W Stainless Steel Copper Fiber Metal Cutting Equipment]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
13.56MHz Contactless RFID Card MIFARE 1K Card for Prepaid Payment SystemAuthor for correspondence