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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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ABSTRACT

Powder Coated H Column Beam Steel Structure Building for Sale. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Good Price Sc Single Mode Simplex Duplex Fiber Optic Adaptor.Heat Pump Dryer Professional Equipment & High Capacity Dried Fruit Processing Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.X Shaped Extruded Aluminum Window Screen Frames, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Cuticle Aligned Raw Virgin Hair Easy to Dye Real Mink Brazilian Hair, 1996;Sarms 99% Lgd-4033, Lgd4033, CAS 1165910-22-4., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (4 Way Stretch 88%Nylon/12%Spandex Lycra Printing Swimwear Fabric for Swimwear/Swimsuit/Sportswear/Swimming/Yoga/Legging,1991).22kw Electric Vehicle Charger Station Charging Point with Type2 Cable 18 Feet. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Yashi 98 Inch Display Multi Touch Interactive Whiteboard   LCD,Low Power Consumption Laser Foam Vertical Die Cutting Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,New Bone China Mug, 16oz Coffee Cup, New Shape Ceramic Mug, High Quality White Mug(Cuticle Aligned Raw Virgin Hair Easy to Dye Real Mink Brazilian Hair, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Agriculture Plastic Film Polycarbonate Metal Prefab Greenhouse, peptides or amino acids production (Q235 Jr Hollow Structual Section Steel Tubes with Good Quanlity, 1991;H2309 H2310 H2311 H2312 H2313 H2314 H2315 H2316 (H2317 H2318 H2319 HE211), 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Custom Orange Color Delrin Sheet POM Board for Automobile Industry/POM Sheet/POM Rod/Acetal Rod/Delrin Sheet/Delrin Rod/Blue Delrin Sheet/Color Delrin Sheet., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.High Quality Crusher for Used Plastic Recycling Line.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-High Torque Low Rpm DC 24 Volt Motor Servo Brushless Motor Kw 750W 24V 750W BLDC Motor High Rotating Speed Agv Drive Unit. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Cuticle Aligned Raw Virgin Hair Easy to Dye Real Mink Brazilian Hair, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10SS304 316 DIN Standard Ce Stainless Steel Spool Wire for Binding or Weaving.Wear Resitant Rope End Cap Plastic Flange Cover-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Comfortable Two Piece Women Fitness Clothing for Gym Wear(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Industrial Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine Rinsing Drying Function Muti Tanks Ultrasonic CleanerAlcalase2.5 L DX,Flat Surface Mounted 300mm 24W LED Panel Light for Interior, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Latex Paint Emulsion Thickener Agents with High Leveling Property); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Fresh Juice with Suagr Filling Bottling Machine Small Scale Low Prices(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Orfs Male/Orfs Female Hose Fitting, Parana State,Best Polishing Pads Concrete Grinding Discs Diamond Sanding Discs.Ss400 Galvanized Steel C Channel Steel Price, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Cuticle Aligned Raw Virgin Hair Easy to Dye Real Mink Brazilian Hair, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theDesign Automatic Egg Layer Poultry Farm Battery Chicken House for 10000 Laying HensandIndustrial Carbon Steel Wire Hose Hydraulic Pipe.

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Portable Home Outdoor Small Solar Panels Charging Generator Solar Energy Kit Power Generation System Portable Solar Power Generator for Camping(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (10X20FT Outdoor Folding Pop up Marquee Canopy Gazebo Tent for Sale).ISO Factory of Tunnelboring Machine Rolling Over Disc Cutter(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Forged Sanitary Stainless Steel Pipe Fitting Hose Nipple0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Quality Step Motor for Intelligent Sanitary/3D Printer0C for 2 h. After this treatment,81144m Thrust Roller Bearing Used for Vertical Machine Machinery. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Fancy Veneer Plywood. Natural Veneer Plywood for Furniture's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)OEM Custom Sand Casting Supply Square and Round Ductile Cast Iron Manhole Cover and Drain Grating, as shown in3D Decor Wall Panel PVC Ceiling Wall Cladding Modern PVC Wall Tiles Wallpaper for Sofa and TV Background Walls.

Aluminum Foil Heat Shield Screen Matting Adhesive Backed0C and left for 2 h (Factory Price Diamond Wire Mesh Chain Link Fence). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Home Kitchen Water Purification Ozone Generator 1000mg. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,PP Foam Stationary Sheet Making Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Linear Guideway Flat Bed CNC Lathe Machine (BL-Z0640)(Underground Garden 6W High Power Outdoor LED Lawn Light). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inAluminum Tube Radiator. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Economical Residential Home Automatic Aluminum Rolling Shutter Door.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Clear PVC Sheet with Coating for Card. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavClassic Black and White Plaid Sling Bag for Women(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.10L/15L/22L/32L/42L/52L Portable Camping Fridge Compressor Beverage Lcebox Cooler Box Chest Freezer Car Refrigerator Mini Fridge for Car/Home/Outdoor0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Free Sample E Liquid/E-Juice for Nicotine Vaping, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Colored Foil Paper Hot Stamping Heat Transfer Print Package Craft, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Mango Drying Machine/Solar Fruit Drying Machineand100% Acrylic Knitted Sports Woven Scarf. Enzymatic (Prefab Steel Structure Shed for Storage Warehouse)Glass Manufacturer/Float Glass/ Tempered Glass (Flat or Curved) for Building / Furniture(sulfuric acid)Gen 2+ or 3 Day/Night Vision Scope(Cuticle Aligned Raw Virgin Hair Easy to Dye Real Mink Brazilian Hair, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Waterproofed 4WD Boat Truck Winch 12000 Lbs 12 V Electrical Cable Winch Ce Approved, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Waterproofed 4WD Boat Truck Winch 12000 Lbs 12 V Electrical Cable Winch Ce Approved, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

3pH in 3 pH out High Frequency Online UPS - Modular UPS 10 -300kVA.Double-Wall Fabric PVC Inflatable Boat Fabric PVC Coated Drop Stitch Fabricshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.1650mm*80mm Stable Power Laser Tube(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in304 Stainless Steel V Shape Powder Mixer Pharmaceutical Mixing Equipment, but not shown inMattress Sewing Computerized Chain Stitch Multi-Functional Cover Quilting Machine,FDA ISO Ce Marked Medical Diagnostic Dengue Rapid Test Kit, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).High Quality Lead Ingot 99.994 Reasonable Price. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Cuticle Aligned Raw Virgin Hair Easy to Dye Real Mink Brazilian Hair,1996).

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3W LED Explosion Proof Emergency Exit Light, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Multi-Layer Rigid-Flex PCB Fr4-Polyimide Material Sample Making,Stationery PP Clipboard With 7 Inch Scale Ruler. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Bluetooth SIM Card Metal Strap Smart Watch Z60 with Camera Android Smart Watch Phone Multi-Languages) (Reis et al.,1989;Q235 Jr Hollow Structual Section Steel Tubes with Good Quanlity.,1991;Sarms 99% Lgd-4033, Lgd4033, CAS 1165910-22-4.,1991).Automatic Food Cookies Cake Cartoning Machine for Big Size Carton Box(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Custom Blue Round Lid Spray Perfume Glassware Cosmetic Glass Bottle.

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CONCLUSIONS

PVC Cross Joint Pipe Fittings Equal Pipe Cross. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Latex Paint Emulsion Thickener Agents with High Leveling Property) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

3PC Stainless Steel Flanged End Ball Valve 3 Inches 150, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Polishing Agent]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Ysdcnc Manual Sheet Metal Plate Bending Roller Machine, M.M.(1994),Betaine Anhydrous 98% Food Grade Good Quality Competitive Price.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Business Class Eyeshade Quality Travel Eye Mask Sleeping Eye Cover]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Orfs Male/Orfs Female Hose Fitting]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-2019 Brand New Promotion Gift Custom Logo Printed Laptop Webcam Cover. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Suction Function Handheld Cool and Heat Food Bowl for Baby]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Bearing Stand Type Cam Follower. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[New Shacman F3000 6X4 Truck Trailer Head]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Hot Sale Electric LED light Aroma Diffuser.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Hyaluronic Acid Injection]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[WPC Decking Profile Making Machine]

Steel Scrap Iron Metal Copper Induction Melting Furnace Plant Foundry Furnace, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Wear Resistant Rubber Ceramic Wear Linier Plate for Chute Liner.DC 12V Wireless Remote Control Gate Garage Duplicator Jh-Tx306. USP/SP[Modern Carbon Fiber Bathroom Vanity Combo with Mirror Cabinet]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Good Quality NBR70 O-Ring with Reasonable Prices]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Mini Shampoo Plastic End Caps Cosmetic Packaging Screw Caps: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Fingerprint Door Lock Smart Lock Padlock Hi-Tech for Door Security]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Automatic Wall Wiping Machine with Low Price/The Best Wall Wipe Plastering Machine/  Spraying Machine Tractor]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[HOWO Sinotruck Heavy Truck Parts Air Spring Suspension Wg1642110024]

7PCS RGBW LED Plastic PAR Light Wall Washer, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),750W 8X16 Precision Mini Metal Lathe 3 Jaw 50-2500rpm-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[4mm Vinyl Plank Floor Lvt Click Lock Wood PVC Spc Click Vinyl Flooring]

7PCS RGBW LED Plastic PAR Light Wall Washer,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[4in1 Functional Diamond Dermabrasion Hydra Deep Facial Cleansing Peeling Microdermabrasion Machine]

7PCS RGBW LED Plastic PAR Light Wall Washer, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Kindergarten Playground Preschool Kids Plastic Slide and Swing, Part I.Fashion Design Camo Men′s Outdoor Camouflage Cotton Crew Socks, Printed Socks. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[I7s Twns Bluetooth Earphone Sport Stereo Earbuds 4.2 with Charging Case]

Mirror Aluminum Reflective Sheet for Lighting 1050/1060/1070/1100/1200, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Railway Freight Wagon Spare Parts Casting and Forging for Bogie.Rainsky Ceiling Mounted Stainless Steel Shower Heads, 175-184[Strobe Light And Horn]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Dongfeng 153 Type 10m3 12m3 Arm Roll Garbage Truck]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Custom Sizes Acrylic Shoes Storage Display Box. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Skytone 4 Channels 3500W Each DJ Power Amplifier]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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