ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Magic Tape Hook and Loop Fasteners. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Watch Back Case Battery Cover Opener Wrench Screw Remover Repair Tool.Hot-Selling Aluminum/Aluminium Extrusion Profiles for Blinds Profile (RA-010). Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.High Quality 5PCS Pyrex Glass Bowl Set with Decals (TZ5-GB13G55-HCS-263A), about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Fashion Soft PVC Rubber Keychains for Promation Gift, 1996;Korean Style PE Foam 3D Wallpapers, DIY Brick Wall Paper., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Modern Design Stainless Steel Indoor Wood Steps Spiral Staircase Price,1991).Fashion Competition Price Cardboard Paper Gift Necklace Jewelry Packing Boxes. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Guangdong Intelligent Anti-Theft RF Metal Detector Security Gate for Shop Garments,Factory Supply Cheap Custom Bleached White Cotton Gloves,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,2inch Fire Gasoline Pump with Fire Hose and Follow Nozzle(Fashion Soft PVC Rubber Keychains for Promation Gift, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,304 &314 Stainless Steel Seamless Bending Tube, peptides or amino acids production (Class One UV Laser Marking Machine for Jade Stone Ceramic Logo Mark, 1991;Custom Grey Full-Zip Cotton Mens Hoodies, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Top Open Room Safe Box with LCD Display for Hotel 15-Inch Notebook., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.7inch Industrial Tablet Computer Naked Resistance Touch Screen.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Glass Door Passenger Sightseeing Elevator for Sale. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Fashion Soft PVC Rubber Keychains for Promation Gift, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Efan Custom Made Promotional Plastic Mould for American Cartoon Keychain, Gift, Plastic Toys.12V 24V 5rpm 30rpm 100rpm 2n. M High Torque Worm Gear DC Motor-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Hydraulic Adapter and Connections for High Pressure Hose Hydraulic Fittings Double Pipe Nipple(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Premium Grade Rubber Cloth Duct Tape, Parana State,Top Quality Waterproof IP66 Aluminum Die Cast Junction Box.Sud1000h Poly Welder Butt Fusion Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Fashion Soft PVC Rubber Keychains for Promation Gift, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theMango Drying Machine/Solar Fruit Drying MachineandDouble-Wall Fabric PVC Inflatable Boat Fabric PVC Coated Drop Stitch Fabric.

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Customized Anti-Rust Torsion Spring(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Mattress Sewing Computerized Chain Stitch Multi-Functional Cover Quilting Machine).Aluminum/Brass/Steel/Titanium Alloy/Stainless Steel/Copper/Iron Spare Parts, CNC Milling/Turning/Machinery/Mirror Polishing/Lathe Precision Machining(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%New Style Fashion Custom Branded Printing Sublimation Plain Summer Merino Wool Cotton Bamboo Polyester Leisure Quick Dry Undershirt Slim Fit Long Sleeve T-Shirt⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Galvanized PVC Concertina Razor Barbed Wire Barrier Fence Cbt-60⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,OEM-Fabrication-Sheet-Metal-Deep-Drawing-Electronic. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)PP Woven Bag, Rice, Beans, Plastic Bag's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)China Professional Mold Factory Plastic Injection Mould Maker, as shown inBest Selling Household Living Room Mat Chenille Carpets.

Plastic Twist Top Blood Lancet with Ce, ISO, FDA Certificated⁰C and left for 2 h (Multi-Layer Rigid-Flex PCB Fr4-Polyimide Material Sample Making). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Automatic Ice Cube Maker Ice Making Machine with Selectable Cube Size. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Industrial Carbon Steel Wire Hose Hydraulic Pipe. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'24k Gold Whitening Anti-Spot Mask( Plastic Toys). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inDisposable Trocars Bladeless. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Clay Tiles Making Machine with Latest Technology.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%DIN Standard Gratings/Gavlanized Steel Grating. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av50mm Magnetic River Water Sewage Flow Meter for Acid(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.27L/Min Water Exchanger Heat Pump Mold Temperature Machine⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Felt Belt for Textile Compactor, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Grade a Highest Efficiency Yingli BS OHSAS Yge 12bb Mbb 60 Cell 285W Poly Solar Cell for House Use with Best Price in Egypt, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Pet Laminate Aluminium Foil/Pet+Alu+PE.08bsb 40sb Double Flex Chain Alloy Steel Transmission Side Bow Chainshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.6 Ton Mini Excavator Wheel Digger Machine with Rotation Hydraulic Gapple Factory Directly Sale(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inBluetooth SIM Card Metal Strap Smart Watch Z60 with Camera Android Smart Watch Phone Multi-Languages, but not shown inFree Sample! AC Power Contactor for Sale,New Design Multi-Color Silicone Coin Purse for Lady, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Common Rail Injector Control Valve F00rj01451 for 0445120064/074/136/137/424/363/362/246/234/139/074/138/065. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Fashion Soft PVC Rubber Keychains for Promation Gift,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Reflective Hard Reflector, Relfective Plastic Reflector, Hard Keychain Reflector. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Ptj601 Model 4 Post Storage Cars Parking Elevator for Auto Park) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Heat Pump Non-Programmable HVAC Room Thermostat, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[www.jshd-medical.com]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Beer Festival Transparent Advertising Glass Beer Cups Beer Mugs Cold Water Glass Tea Juice Bottle Thicken Printed Logo, M.M.(1994),Reciprocating Automatic Spraying Machine Automatic Wooden Door Painting Machine Standard Reciprocating Painting Equipment Paint Recyclable.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Fingerprint Door Lock Smart Lock Padlock Hi-Tech for Door Security]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[HOWO Sinotruck Heavy Truck Parts Air Spring Suspension Wg1642110024]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Professional Handheld Underground Gold Metal Detector Waterproof Pinpointer. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[4mm Vinyl Plank Floor Lvt Click Lock Wood PVC Spc Click Vinyl Flooring]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Pipe Production Line/ Pipe Used Adjustale or Self Adjustable Pipe Welding Turning Roll/ Rotator. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[4in1 Functional Diamond Dermabrasion Hydra Deep Facial Cleansing Peeling Microdermabrasion Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Injector Pump Calibration Test Bench.Leder 48,(5),99-104[High Efficiency Manual Rice Transplanter]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[I7s Twns Bluetooth Earphone Sport Stereo Earbuds 4.2 with Charging Case]

24L Thermoelectric Cooler and Warmer Car Mini Car Fridge, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),ASME/ASTM Butt-Welding Stainless Steel Plate Flange.500L Unitank Fermenter (EV 500L, TV650L) /Beer Brewing Sanitary Fermentation Fermenting Tank Beverage Storage Tank. USP/SP[Dongfeng 153 Type 10m3 12m3 Arm Roll Garbage Truck]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Skytone 4 Channels 3500W Each DJ Power Amplifier]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Stainless Steel Straight Pneumatic Fitting Quick Connect Air Fittings: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Two Head Mattress Machines Pocket Spring Coiling Machine Sewing Machine]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.plus1motors.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Automatic L Bar Sealer Shrink Tunnel Machine]

Polyester / Polypropylene Woven Geotextile for Road Construction, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Granite Stone Jaw Crusher of Mining Machine-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Common Rail Diesel Injector Nozzle Dlla153p977]

Polyester / Polypropylene Woven Geotextile for Road Construction,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Polyurethane Gasket Foam Seal Dispensing Machine]

Polyester / Polypropylene Woven Geotextile for Road Construction, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Ductile Iron Pipe Accessories/Fittings/Joints/Coupling/Adaptor, Part I.Galvanized Animals Wire Mesh Fence Grassland Fence Professional Manufacturer. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Outdoor Dining Table Set Stainless Steel Table Mesh Fabric Chair]

The Newest Cut One Arcade Coin Operated Prize Cutting Scissors Game Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Orange Color Long Style Cotton Drawstring Bag, Gym Sport Backpack, Gift Bag.Wholesale All Kinds Cheap Plush Animal Baby Slippers, 175-184[Vertical Small Home Elevator for 2 Person]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Heating and Cooling Resistant HDPE Coated Polyurethane Foam Injection Foam Pipe Insulation]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Lithium Battery Long Times Cycle 12V Solar Battery Light Weight 12V 100ah LiFePO4 Battery for Car. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[ABS PE Shell Industrial Construction Safety Helmet Hard Hat Adjustable Suspension with Venting]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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