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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Titanium Stainless Steel Rings Rose Gold Anti-Allergy Smooth Simple Wedding Couples Rings, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (1X8 Insert Type Fiber Optic PLC Splitter Sc/APC Connector, 1996;Natural Marble Stone Carving Granite Water Garden Decorative Statue Fountain., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Waterproof LED Flash Shoe Light Crystal Epoxy Resin,1991).Custom Shopping Paper Bag for Clothing Package. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Qingdao Us Type Load Binder Lever Chain Tensioner,Stainless Steel Elbow SS304 SS316L,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,5.0 HTC One A9 LCD Display Touch Screen Digitizer Assembly Replacement for 1920*1080 HTC A9w A9t A9d A9u LCD(1X8 Insert Type Fiber Optic PLC Splitter Sc/APC Connector, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Outdoor 15kv Pole Mounted Automatic Circuit Recloser, peptides or amino acids production (Hot Hospital Medical Disposable Sterile Universal Pack Surgical Pack, 1991;14 Heads Double Door Multihead Weigher, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Advanced Optical PCB Tester off-Line SMT Aoi Inspection Machine., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.White Marble, Carrara White, Bianco Carrara Marble for Sale.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Upper Limbs Machine/Spare Parts for Fitness Equipment. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (1X8 Insert Type Fiber Optic PLC Splitter Sc/APC Connector, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Cvkr Silent Check Valve Dn350.Best Shatterproof Gold Rim Wine Glasses-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:10inch Schedule 40 Carbon Steel ERW Pipe Casing for Water/Well with Black Painting(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Pet Short Fiber Non Woven Geotextile for Landfill Filtration. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avPre Painted Steel Coil and Sheet(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Auto Defrost Supermarket Island Freezer Merchandiser with Integral Compressor⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/8 Inch Computer Program Control 78cm Paper Cutter (QZK780D-8), pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Custom Cheap Marathon Sport Towel Microfiber Slogan Towel for Promotion, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Rigid PVC/ Rigid Floor /Rigid Flooring /Spc Flooring. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Relleno De Acido Hialuronico Con Enlace Cruzado Zenfil) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

3PCS OEM Trolley Luggage High Quality PC Travelly Suitcase Bag, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Kids Medal Suppliers for Sale]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Lint Free Nail Gel Polish Remover Nonwoven Wipes, M.M.(1994),Shs250X500 Galvanized Square Rectangular Steel Tube Price.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[ASTM A213 Cooling Tower Pipe/Heat Exchanger Tube/TP304L]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Graphic 240X128 Dots Monochrome LCD Display Module]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Mechanical Stage Collar Cementing Tool Hydraulic Stage Cementing Tool. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Custom Power Extension Cord AC Cable Plug for Office Equipment]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Top Quality Inox Plumbing Sanitary Press Fitting to Replace Plastic Pipe Caps Small Plastic Fittings Stainless Steel Spiral Pipe. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Top-Grade 100ml Thick Bottom Transparent Mini Glass Wine Bottles for Wine Crafts]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[2018 New Style High Quality Enamel Bowl with Lid]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[2018 Cheap PU Leather Bracelet in Alloy Jewelry]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-KZ-19/16/13 Pneumatic Combination Steel Binding Machine: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Built in Two Speakers 12.1 Inch Touch Screen USB Monitor Display for PC or Notebook]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Manufacturer High Quality Plastic Mold Injection Die Casting Parts Plastic Mold Maker]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Custom Women High Waisted Tight Workout Sport Gym Fitness Yoga Wear]

Medical Packing Self Sealing Sterilization Pouch, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Water Filter Cartridge PP Sediment Filter Cartridge-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Spin Centrifugal Demister Separator or Column Internal]

Medical Packing Self Sealing Sterilization Pouch,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Kellogg′s Corn Flakes Cereals Snacks Food Making Machine]

Medical Packing Self Sealing Sterilization Pouch, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Wholesale Military Black Color Clothing /Army Bdu Uniforms Surplus Stock for Sale, Part I.Disposable Skin Stapler (CSPF-35W). The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Tongkat Ali Root Extract 200 1]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Ad-P582 Glass Perfume Bottle From China Manufacturer 100ml]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Wholesale Plastic Pet Bowl with a Cap Pet Basin Bowl Factory. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Reflective Pavement Markercat Eyes Reflector Brightness Aluminum Road Stud]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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