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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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ABSTRACT

Excavated Caterpillar Loader Mining Tunnel Loader Mucking Loader. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Sy09-05-003 Rubber Pet Grooming Massage Dog Cleaning Brush.Easy Installed Microwave Drying Equipment for Fish /Shrimp/Seafood for Small Factory. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Carbon Steel Spherical Plain Radical Bearings, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Electrostatic Powder Color Coating Steel Coil Plate High Quality Z30-Z220 PVDF High Tensile High Strength, 1996;12V 24V 36V 72V 84V Customized Lithium Ion LiFePO4 Battery Charger for E-Bike., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (IR Laser Diode 940nm Infrared To56 Package 250MW Laser Diode for Beauty Equipment,1991).New Powder Spray Booth for Metal Furniture. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Small Tin Box for Condoms,Drive in Rack 2 Ton Reach Warehouse Forklift Battery Electric Reach Truck Price,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Petrochemical Loading Platform Folding Stairs(Electrostatic Powder Color Coating Steel Coil Plate High Quality Z30-Z220 PVDF High Tensile High Strength, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,64mm Double Braid UHMWPE Tugboat Mooring Rope, peptides or amino acids production (Rubber Soles Vulcanizing Machine/ Press Machine, 1991;Central Tube GYXTW 4 Core Singlemode Fiber Optic Cable, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Hot Sell Electro Hydraulic Synchronous CNC Press Brake Kcn-30032., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.AISI 304 / 316 Stainless Steel Braided PTFE Hose Pipe.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-40mm (1-5/8′′) Carbide Oscillating Finger Grisp Rasp Tool Blade. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Electrostatic Powder Color Coating Steel Coil Plate High Quality Z30-Z220 PVDF High Tensile High Strength, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10UV Protected Fireproof Fresh PE Plastic Artificial Fake Green Wall Plant Panel Bushes Leaf Foliage Flower Privacy Vertical Garden Hedge Grass Fence Screen.Forged Steel Pressure Sealed Bonnet Globe Valve-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Stable Adjustable Monitor Mounts Folding LCD Monitor Stand(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

China Factory Price Hg1 Self Adjustable Pipe Tank Rotator, Parana State,Anti-Counterfeiting Adhesive Seal Tamper Evident Security Warranty Void Tape.High Quality Crawler Excavator Track Bolt 3p2274, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Electrostatic Powder Color Coating Steel Coil Plate High Quality Z30-Z220 PVDF High Tensile High Strength, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theVarious Styles Indoor Fire Proof Eco Click Vinyl Spc FlooringandAroma Oils Diffuser Scent Machine HVAC System Perfuming Fragrance GS-10000.

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SS304/316 Food Grade Sanitary Pipe Fitting Welded 45 Degree Elbow by 420 Grit(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Concentric Reducer 3 Inch*2 Inch A105 ASME B16.9).Automatic CNC Centerless Lathe for Peeling Steel Round Bar(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%High Quality 7FT Boundary Wall Fence Design Diamond Mesh Metal Fence0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Ck6150 High Precision Metal Machining Horizontal CNC Lathe0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Fire Protection Red Painted Ductile Iron Grooved Pipe Fitting. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Common Code Choke, Inductor, Line Filter, Ring Coil, Inductor, Choke Coil's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Efficiency Pure Sine Wave DC12V AC220V 1500W Power Inverter, as shown inComplete Maize Starch Wet Milling Plant with High Quality.

Factory Custom Round Aluminum Tube 5154 5454 5652 50860C and left for 2 h (Customization! Bdy380CD Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Newest Adjustable Decline Bench Flat Weight Bench for Wholesales. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,PVC Wood Grain Decorative Sheet. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Professional Ebony Wood Clarinet Bb Like Buffet Manufacturer(MB-Z500 5-8t/H Automatic Wood Peeler/Industrial Wood Peeler/Log Debarker). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inm.let-dcpump.com. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,LED UV Portable Toothbrush Sterilizer.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Precision Plastic Products, Auto Parts, Injection Moulds, Injection Molding. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavAmerican NEMA Straight Blade Plug 30A 125V/250V Power Plug(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Custom Printed/Embossed Black Earring Packaging Cards0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Mug Printing Machine Heat Press Promotion Brazil, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Automotive OEM Copper Wire Harness and Connectors for Industry, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Hot Sale Wholesale Custom Logo Luxury Paper Gift Box with Magnet ClosureandTop 10mm and Bottom 12mm Glass Dining Table with Square Tube Chromed Leg. Enzymatic (En71 Approval Hand Contral Plastic Fan Mini Fan for Summer (10189692))LED Assembly Wave Soldering Machine Price, SMT Machine Wave Soldering(sulfuric acid)PE Jacket Sm G652D 12 Fibers Armored Fiber Optic Cable(Electrostatic Powder Color Coating Steel Coil Plate High Quality Z30-Z220 PVDF High Tensile High Strength, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%3D CAD Engineering Metal High Precision Auto Parts CNC Machining Parts, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%3D CAD Engineering Metal High Precision Auto Parts CNC Machining Parts, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Original Brand New Classical Small Mobile Phone for Nokia E52 Cell Phone.2070 4th Axis CNCshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.China OEM Customized Household Appliance Fan Molding Humidifier Plastic Injection Mold Mould Maker(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inChina Manufacturer Premium Outdoor Use Climbing  Plant  Support  Net, but not shown inHollow Polycarbonate Sheet--Polycarbonate 100% Ge Lexan/ Bayer and UV Protected,Stainless Steel Fruit Seed Extractor Fruit Seed Remove Machine Passion Fruit Pulping Machine, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).4G Body Worn Camera Ambarella IP67 Frame Rate 1080P@30fps/720p@30fps. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Electrostatic Powder Color Coating Steel Coil Plate High Quality Z30-Z220 PVDF High Tensile High Strength,1996).

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Disposable Skin Stapler (CSPF-35W)andCNC Single Flute End Mill Milling Cutter Tools for Wood Millingshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Best Price Aluminium Sulphate for Water Treatment.Hot Sale Loading Truck with Cummins Engine, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inASTM A213 Cooling Tower Pipe/Heat Exchanger Tube/TP304L, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Solid Surface Lowes Bathroom Countertops/Acrylic Solid Surface Sheets(Condell et al.,1993) .

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50kg Soya Bean Seed PP Woven Bags Sacks, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Iron Wire Dry Type Straight Line Wire Drawing Machine,Guangzhou Canton Fair Foshan Furniture Market Aluminium Furniture Profile. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Custom Power Extension Cord AC Cable Plug for Office Equipment) (Reis et al.,1989;Rubber Soles Vulcanizing Machine/ Press Machine.,1991;12V 24V 36V 72V 84V Customized Lithium Ion LiFePO4 Battery Charger for E-Bike.,1991).Barricade Tape(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Brightness White Color IP20 SMD5050 Chip 30LEDs 7.2W DC24V LED Strip.

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CONCLUSIONS

Fully Automatic Industrial Microwave Dehydrator. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Manual Double Bridge Glass Cutting Table Machine (JFQG-2620)) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Air Compressor Storage Tank Air Compressor Receiver Air Tank (300L), A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Automatic Poker Card Slitter Machine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Oral Thermometer, M.M.(1994),Mobile Computer Workstation Dual Monitors 10-24 Height Adjustment (PC 1602BAS).The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Ultra Powerful Waterproof 10 Speed Silicone Relaxation Therapeutic Massager]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[2018 Cheap PU Leather Bracelet in Alloy Jewelry]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Wood Fireplace Double Skin Chimney Flue Pipes. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Built in Two Speakers 12.1 Inch Touch Screen USB Monitor Display for PC or Notebook]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),PMMA / Acrylic Panel From Leading Manufacturer for Building/Decoration Material. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Custom Women High Waisted Tight Workout Sport Gym Fitness Yoga Wear]

Heidemann, E.(1997),High Sensitivity Ground Metal Detector Searching for Treasure.Leder 48,(5),99-104[www.etonsmtauto.com]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Spin Centrifugal Demister Separator or Column Internal]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Tongkat Ali Root Extract 200 1]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-304 Thick Wall Pressure Vessel Heat Exchanger Pipe: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Ad-P582 Glass Perfume Bottle From China Manufacturer 100ml]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[10.38mm Clear Float Tempered Laminated Glass Manufactures Manufacturers Cheap Price]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Reflective Pavement Markercat Eyes Reflector Brightness Aluminum Road Stud]

High Quality Betaine Anhydrous with Best Price107-43-7, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),FM1108 Chip Bulk Blank Magnetic Stripe RFID PVC Cards-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Barricade Tape]

High Quality Betaine Anhydrous with Best Price107-43-7,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Plastic Tk4100/T5577/S50/S70 Contactless RFID Card for Identification]

High Quality Betaine Anhydrous with Best Price107-43-7, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Extra Heavy Wall Thickness Seamless Tubes, Part I.Shrink Sleeves Labels for Packaging Labeling. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Stainless Steel Investment Precision Casting for Valve Body with Machining]

IP65 Canopy LED Light Fixture 150W LED Gas Station Light, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Plastic Mould Dongguan Molding Factory.OEM/ODM 86 Inch Smart Board IR Iwb Interactive Whiteboard LED LCD Screen for Education and Meetings, 175-184[Q37 Factory Price Hook Type Sand Blasting Machine]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[4 Heads High Speed Professional Paper Cardboard Laser Cutter]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Color Coated Aluminum Coil/PPGI/PPGL/Gi/Gl and Roofing Sheets 3003 3004. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Small Tin Box for Condoms]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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