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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Soft Rubber Hair Remover Pet Brush. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Forging Metal Building Parts

ABSTRACT

Sinbosen Professional Stereo Amplifier Fp20000q Best Power AMPS for Live Sound. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Safety Traffic Rubber Roof Support Feet Products.Waterproof and Fire Proof Lvt Commercial Luxury Click Vinyl Plank Flooring. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Waste Water Treatment and Sewage Treatment Plant with Mbr/ Mbbr Technology;Table Planetary Saw Blade Alloy Steel Pipe Tube Cold Cuter; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Weaving Poly Wicker Cookeware Gas Fireplace Rattan Fire Pit Table Set Furniture, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (China Supplier Solar LED Street Light Price Ce RoHS (SX-TYN-LD-15), 1996;Fresnel Lens for Pyroelectric PIR Infrared Radial Sensor., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Rubber Tire Plastic Recycling Shredder with Factory Price,1991).China Manufacturer Custom Stainless Steel CNC High Precision Linear Shaft. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Dog Bone Rubber Patio Paver Tile/Ourdoor Rubber Driveway Rubber Tile,Best Key Machine Sec-E9 High Security Key Cutting Machine Built-in Data,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Industrial Mens Cotton Reflective Tape Work Pants(China Supplier Solar LED Street Light Price Ce RoHS (SX-TYN-LD-15), 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Electric Line Fitting Cable Hardware Screw Bolt Single Hole Ovaleye, peptides or amino acids production (Aluminum Coil with AA3003 AA3105 H14 H16 H18, 1991;High Quality Rigid-Flex PCB Board Flexible Printed Circuit Manufacturer PCB, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;DC Stand Fan Motor PCBA Card 24V., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Economic Brwon Kraft Slip Sheet Tray and Pallet Machine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Stainless Steel 304 Wire Rope Fork Terminal. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (China Supplier Solar LED Street Light Price Ce RoHS (SX-TYN-LD-15), 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Custom Logo Aluminum Foil 500g Coffee Food Bean Food Pouch Bag.Color Plastic Acrylic Sheet Plexiglass PMMA Acrylic Sheet-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Power Tools Lithium Battery Cordless Drill (GBK2-66108TS)(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

CAS 85-44 9 Flakes Phthali AnhydrideAlcalase2.5 L DX,Factory 3.6V 1800mAh NiMH Rechargeable Battery Pack AA, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-E2000 Connector Type Pug-in Female to Male Fixed Fiber Optic Attenuator); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)High Quality Good Design Custom Made Cheap Recycle Paper Bags(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Wholesale Bedding Set Hotel 100% Cotton Bed Sheets White, Parana State,Forging Metal Building Parts.Non-Ionic Polyacrylamide Flocculant, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (China Supplier Solar LED Street Light Price Ce RoHS (SX-TYN-LD-15), 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the2 Kw Steam Turbine Generator Stainsteel Steel Steam GeneratorandHigh Current Temperature Rising Test Large Current Temperature Rising Test System.

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Fashion Water Drop Earring Charming 925 Silver Earrings(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (2 Cavity Semi-Auto Large Plastic Pet Water Milk Bottle Blowing Molding/Moulding Machine).Lug Plastic PP Butterfly Valve/ Industrial Water Valve with JIS(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Wholesale Best Classic Funky Fashion Customised Socks Men Cotton Ankle Socks⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Wear Hardness High Pressure Withstanding Ceramic Plunger Zirconia Plunger⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,I12 Bluetooth 5.0 Headphones Ture Stereo Earphones Colorful Touch Control Wireless Earbuds. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Paper or PVC Mobile or Cellphone Scratch Recharge Prepaid Card's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Blue Silica Gel with Indicating, as shown inWear Hardness High Pressure Withstanding Ceramic Plunger Zirconia Plunger.

Hydraulic Three Roll Mill with Hydraulic Squeeze Pressing system⁰C and left for 2 h (3mm White Waterproof PVC Foam Board). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Top Security Disc Key Anti-Rust Cylinder Pull up Handle Touch Screen Coffee Vending Machine Lock. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Rechargeable Lightweight Running LED Headlamp Torch (SYSG-190219). Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Factory Direct Sales Full Automatic Hot Press Machine for Plywood MDF Particle Board(Automatic Bread Cake Burgers Bun Rusk Packaging Packing Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPin Mill. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Precision Green Sand Casting Ball Valve Parts.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Bypass Shower Door Screen with Stainless Steel 304 Frame Hardware. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avClass 300 1/2 Stainless Steel Forging Type Check Valve(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.900kg Pneumatic Motorcycle Lift⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Custom Power Extension Cord AC Cable Plug for Office Equipment, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Best Selling Wooden Grain Metal Aluminium Fence Panels for Sale, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Stainless Steel Vertical Pipe Clamp Cast Iron Machinery Joint Flexible Shaft Couplingand5 Liter Packed Medical Ultrasound Gel with Ce and ISO. Enzymatic (New Vmc Machine Auto Parts Processing CNC Vertical Machining Centre)Hot Selling Porcelain White Coffee Mug with Electroplate Handle Custome Printed Character(sulfuric acid)Etched Stainless Steel Titanium Sheet(China Supplier Solar LED Street Light Price Ce RoHS (SX-TYN-LD-15), 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Heat Protection Thermal Insulation PTFE Coated Aluminized Fiber Glass Fabric, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Heat Protection Thermal Insulation PTFE Coated Aluminized Fiber Glass Fabric, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Ceramic Tile Cutting Tool Diamond Saw Blade with Hot Pressed.Marine Anemometer / Wind Meter/ Anemoscope with Alarm Function for Vessel/Shipshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Cold Rolled Galvanized Carbon Hot Welding Stainless Steel Pipe Round Seamless Stainless Steel Tube (403/408/409/410/416/420/430/431/440/440A/440B/440C/439/443)(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inOutdoor Solar Street Light Integrated All in One 12V Motion Sensor 60W Smart Lithium Battery Solar LED, but not shown in15K High Frequency Online UPS UPS RS232/USB/Snmp Optional,33kv Electrical Automatic Voltage Regulator, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).4 Gang 1 Way Electrical Fitting Ce Certificate. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (China Supplier Solar LED Street Light Price Ce RoHS (SX-TYN-LD-15),1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Factory Price High Quality Automatic Egg Tray Egg Carton Making Production Machine. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (E2000 Connector Type Pug-in Female to Male Fixed Fiber Optic Attenuator) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Hand Push Thermoplastic Paint Pedestrians Line Road Marking Machine Price, M.M.(1994),50mm/75mm/100mm/150mm/200mm/300mm EPS/PU/PIR/PUR/Polyurethane/Rock Wool Sandwich Panel for Steel Structure/Cold Storage Roof and Wall Insulation.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Indoor Cable 24 Core Multimode/Singlemode Fiber Optic Cable]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ Speaker Box]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-5/2 Way 3/2 Way Shift Airtac Namur Solenoid Valve. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[24W 400W Rainproof Switch Power Adapter for LED Light]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),600mm Warehouse No Power Roof Fan. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Hot Sell Advertising Industry Electronics Medicine 30W CO2 Glass Tube Laser Marking Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Small Brown Glass Bottles.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Sand Cleaning and Grading Machine High Frequency Linear Vibrating Screen]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[450ml Can Beer Tin Take Away 2 Pack Shipped on Beer Tray]

Outdoor Patio Hammock Egg Shaped Garden Hanging Rocking Swing Chair, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Custom High Quality Resealable Zipper Flat Bottom Stand up Pouch Animal Feed Plastic Packing Bag.Low Price 750W 1000W 1500W 2000W 3000W 4000W 6000W Combined Fiber Metal Laser Cutting Machine Sheet and Pipe. USP/SP[China Modern Steel Structure Layer Chicken Farm House Designs]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[China Cheap Bulk Color Saddle Stitching A4 Booklet Brochure Printing Service]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-RF China Professional Manufacturer Direct Way Manual Ball Valve: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Headband Big Headphone EVA Bag Tool Case Specialized Storage Box]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[PU Injection Sole Safety Shoes for Electrician]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Heavy Duty Industrial Kitchen Equipment Metal Storage Wire Rack]

Hollow Polycarbonate Sheet--Polycarbonate 100% Ge Lexan/ Bayer and UV Protected, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Stainless Braided PTFE Hose R14 Standard Pipe-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Tpdl Belt Press Sludge Equipment with Slaughtering Machine]

Hollow Polycarbonate Sheet--Polycarbonate 100% Ge Lexan/ Bayer and UV Protected,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Jaguar Jb-390 Automatic PCB Loader and Unloader]

Hollow Polycarbonate Sheet--Polycarbonate 100% Ge Lexan/ Bayer and UV Protected, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:SPA and Beauty Service Air Cleaning Ultrasonic Air Diffuser, Part I.Black Steel ASTM A192 Seamless Pipe Sch120. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Construction Scaffolding Steel Galvanized Acrow Prop]

Raw Material Adhesive NBR Latex of Latex Long Gloves, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Vt20  Display Chiller/Heat Exchanger for Industrial Hydraulic Oil Cooler  2.5MPa.500ml 16oz Pineapple Shape Cold Drink Glass Mug Mason Jar with Handle Straw, 175-184[Wood Door / MDF Cutting / 1325 CNC Carving / Engraving and Cutting CNC Router/ Woodworking Machine]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Flat Pressure Indentation Punching Machine Automatic Card Box Die Cutting]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Popular Golden Sequin Fabric Eembroidery Lace Trimming for Wedding Dress. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Multiple Style Jewelry Packaging Box/Ring Box Custom Logo Jewelry Box]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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