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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
380V 3.0HP Peristaltic Pump Swimming Pool Pump. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Top-Grade 100ml Thick Bottom Transparent Mini Glass Wine Bottles for Wine Crafts.14 Gauge Twist Galvanized Black Annealed Steel Wire. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;2L 3L 5L HDPE Bottle Automatic Blow Moulding Machinery;Fully Automatic Digital Pid Temperature Controller; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.High Quality Anti-Corrosion Fiberglass Sheet and Roll, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Wholesale Bakeware Metal Stainless Steel Blade Pasta & Pastry Cutter, 1996;Full-Automatic Folding Napkin Paper Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Customized Frame Mount Highway Pegs Enclosure Parts,1991).Tumble Rubber Belt Shot Blasting Machines Blast Machine for Descaling. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,10mm Tempered Bathroom Glass Safety Glass for Building,3 Thickness HVAC Egg Crate Grille Aluminum Egg Crate Sheet,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Cattle Feed Factory Used Dust Collector and Filter(Wholesale Bakeware Metal Stainless Steel Blade Pasta & Pastry Cutter, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Custom Clear Foldable Printing PP/PVC/Pet Plastic Packaging Box, peptides or amino acids production (Group 152cm Picnic Folding in Half Table, 1991;Tactile Custom Branded Membrane Switch Keyboard with Foil, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;304 Stainless Steel Tube Sanitary Capillary Tube 0.8X0.05mm., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Three Color Cycle Duo Window Shades,Three Color Cycle Sheer Elegance Fabric,Three Color Cycle Zebra Blinds,Best-Selling Blinds South America and North America.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Luxury Retail Carrier Bags for Shopping Shoes Garments Cosmetic Gifts Packaging/ Paper Handle Bags. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Wholesale Bakeware Metal Stainless Steel Blade Pasta & Pastry Cutter, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Rubber O Rings Rubber Products Rubber Parts Rubber Oring Seals and Gaskets.Australia Two Pins Power Cord with SAA Certification-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:87000kpsi Waterjet Intensifier Parst HP Ceramic Plunger(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Pickled Cucumber Production Line/Making Machine, Parana State,Meet All Industry Needs with Openly Design High Temperature Oven.Rectangular Lunch Tin Box with Handle, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Wholesale Bakeware Metal Stainless Steel Blade Pasta & Pastry Cutter, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theLinear Lighting LED Rigid 12V 24V Clip LED Linear Light Shelves Lamp for Retail Fixture CabinetandHigh Density Artificial Grass Football Playground Surfaces (STO).
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Inflatable Cheering Stick for Promotional Gift(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Anti-Pollution Type 160kn Insulator Porclelain Disc).Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment Complete Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Built in Two Speakers 12.1 Inch Touch Screen USB Monitor Display for PC or Notebook0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Voltage 3-Core Cold Shrinkable Joint Kit Applicable of Cable Cross-Section 400mm^20C for 2 h. After this treatment,Customized Stainless Steel Door Lock Strike Plate Metal Lock Bracket. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)2 Inch Schedule 40 ASTM A182 316 90d Bw Lr Elbow's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Mini Outdoor Hydraulic Man Aluminum Lift, as shown inA19 6W 10 Red & 4 Blue LED Plant Light LED Grow Light Bulb.
Cheap Price Roof Wall PU Sandwich Panel Press0C and left for 2 h (UL Kc CB Bis Un38.3 Approved 461730 3.7V 200mAh Lipo Battery for Bluetooth Earphone). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Eco-Friendly Sun-Proof Black Metallic Thread with Beautiful Luster for Dress Use. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,industrial aluminum foil roll 8011 8079 1235. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hospital ICU Portable Electric Injection Syringe Pump Ce ISO Approval(Safety Shoes Anti-Slip Silicone Rubber Crampons OEM Factory). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inwww.zirae.com. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Flex Mdr 26 to SDR 26 Power Over Cable with Thumbscrews Locking and PVC Jacket.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Mini Hydraulic Adjustable Gas Spring Strut for Furniture Cabinet. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavAfraic Market Mobile Food Vending Cart(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Double Wall Glass Coffee Mug Tea Cups0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Diameter38mm Food Grade Rubber Hose for Beer Equipment Cleaning, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/30g Frosted Glass Jar with Bamboo Lid Empty Cream Jars for Skin Care, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
10in 1500lb Pressure Seal Forged Steel Swing Check ValveandVibrating Condom Ring and Cock Ring Supplier. Enzymatic (Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag)High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40(sulfuric acid)Quality Assurance Advanced Design Microfiber Filling Washable Pillow(Wholesale Bakeware Metal Stainless Steel Blade Pasta & Pastry Cutter, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Sauer 90R180 90M180 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with Best Price, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Sauer 90R180 90M180 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with Best Price, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
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Coill Nail Making Machine/Coil Nail Welding Machine, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Sheet Metal Fabrication High Precision Welding Spare Part Outside Electric Cabinet,2017 Hot Diped Galvanized Welded Gabion Basket. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (M23 Round Plug 9 12 Pin Male MID Fixed Signal Connector) (Reis et al.,1989;Group 152cm Picnic Folding in Half Table.,1991;Full-Automatic Folding Napkin Paper Machine.,1991).Soda Ash Light, Soda Ash Dense, Soda Ash, 99.2% Soda Ash(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,100%Rayon Red Satin Dyeing Fabric for Women Dress.
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CONCLUSIONS
Promotional Gifts Customized Woven Polyester Lanyard for VIP Card. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Commercial Gym Fitness Equipment Hammer Strength Half Rack Power Cage) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
High Density Artificial Grass Football Playground Surfaces (STO), A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Clothing Hang Tags Feeding Labeling Machine]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Quality Male Water Quick Release Coupling, M.M.(1994),Professional Manufacture Hydraulic Cylinder Tube.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[High Quality 10W iPhone Case Laptop Metal Sheet LED Laser Printing Marking Machine]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Chenille Microfiber Mop Head]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Chenille Microfiber Mop Head. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Coin Operated Whack The Mole Lottery Machine Hit Hammer Game Machine]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),HDPE Auto-Deflashing Plastic Bottle Blowing Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[High Quality Luxury Design French Style MDF/HDF Molded Wood Door Skin Solid Wooden 2 Panel Wood Door]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Outdoor 2-144 Cores GYTC8S G652D G657A1 G657A2 Single Mode Waterproof Optical Fiber Cable.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Cotton Knit Throw Art. CT-K16015]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Solid Carbide Single Flute End Mills Oblique Angle Cutting]
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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[2400mm Wood Pulp Waste Paper Corrugated Paper Machine Kraft Liner Paper Making Machine]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-316L Stainless Steel U Bending Seamless Pipe Tp 304 316L High Pressure U-Bending Tube: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[12V Car Cigarette Lighter Adapter Power Extension Cord]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Cheapest Hospital Medical Adjustable Tiltable Overbed Bedside Table]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[BY60100C type metal shaping machine/hydraulic shaper machine]
Low Cost Prefab Steel Poultry Chicken House on Sale, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[PE100 Plasitc Pipe for Gas Water Chemcial Sewage System]
Low Cost Prefab Steel Poultry Chicken House on Sale,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Breathable Abrasive Resistant Litchi Grain Fabric PVC Poly-Leather for Furniture Sofa Chair Seat Cover Upholstery]
Low Cost Prefab Steel Poultry Chicken House on Sale, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Big Sale Hot Feature Home Crystal Mini Red Wine Vodka Cup Shot Glass, Part I.High Quality Factory 8ml UV Spider Gel Nail Care. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ 36V]
Summer Women′s High Waist Hip Lift Yoga Jogging Pants Sports Trousers, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Plastic Grip Wood Handle Shovel.2 Way Mini 1/2′′ Dn15 Plastic Motorized Flow Control Ball Valve, 175-184[ldkchina]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Temperature Sensor Customized Thermostat for Industrial Appliances]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Stainless Steel Rigging Screw. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Men′s Outdoor Mountain Hiking Rain Wear Waterproof Jacket with Hood]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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