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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
Breathable Surgical Paper Tape/ Micropore Medical Tape. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Fashion Wool Felt Lady Cloche Wide Brim Floppy Hat with Felt Bow.Crane Hook Qtz250 (7032) with 70m Jib Length. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;China Manufacturer Price Home 24V 250W Mono Poly PV Solar Cell Panel for Solar System;Emsco F-800 4 I40HK14/15 Mud Pump Piston for Bomco/Gardnerdenver/Hh/Ideco/Ls/National/Oilwell/Nov/Mudking/Southwest; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Diesel Truck Engine Parts 3306 Turbocharger for Caterpillar, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Online High Sensitivity Checkweigher with Pusher Bar, 1996;Piggery Farm Pig/Sow Gestation Equipment From China Factory., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Lw250*700 Spiral Discharge Decanter Separator for Water Treatment,1991).Single Cheap Custom Festival Woven RFID Fabric Wristband for Events. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Children Gift Outdoor Wooden Rocking Horse Toy,Atlas Copco Compressor Spare Parts Service Kit Electronic Drain 1622855181 2901146500 Ewd330m Ewd330,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,TBR Ceramic Roller PLC Control Double Heating Section Tempered Glass Making Furnace for Solar Glass Appliance Glass(Online High Sensitivity Checkweigher with Pusher Bar, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Fiberglass GRP FRP Sectional Assembling SMC Panel Water Storage Tank, peptides or amino acids production (ASTM A213 Cooling Tower Pipe/Heat Exchanger Tube/TP304L, 1991;China Multi Layers 100 Microns Industrial 316L Stainless Steel Porous Filter for Oil/Gas/Water Filter Filtration, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;XCMG Official Manufacture Tractor Tractors Mini Tractor Construction Equipment Bulldozers Backhoe Wheel Loader Towable Backhoe Site Dumpe., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Outdoor High Neck Kids Boots Casual Rubber Men Work Boots.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Best Selling Sequin Pillows / Reversible Cushions Square (YFC0061). UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Online High Sensitivity Checkweigher with Pusher Bar, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Hr17 Series 160A, 250A, 400A, 630A 3p Fuse Switch Disconnector.2019 Anti Theft Credit Card Protector Aluminum RFID Blocking Wallet-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:CNC Grinding Machining Parts High Precision(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Blank PVC Card 13.56MHz/ 125kHz Contactless Smart Card for Access Control, Parana State,Nitinol Disposable Guide Wire.Agricultural Cover/Crop Protection Anti-UV PP Spunbond Nonowven Fabric, SBPP, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Online High Sensitivity Checkweigher with Pusher Bar, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theGold Glass Dropper Bottle 20ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Spray BottleandRutile Anatase Titanium Dioxide for Coating and Paints.
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Eco-Friendly Acoustic Panel PU Sponge for Sound Absorbing Noise Sponge(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Clear Drug Packaging Custom Printed Recloseable Medicine Plastic Bag).Carbon Stee Semless Pipe (ASTM A106 Gr B)(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%OEM Wld8200 Infrared Lamp Spray Paint Booth China Supplier for Sale0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Yutong Bus Parts Ceiling Diffuser Vent Air Louver Vent Air Diffuser Vent Air Diffuser Ceiling Vent Slot Diffuser Vent0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Hot Selling House Floor Cleaning 360 Spin Mop. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Srfloor Plastic Flooring Interlock Suspended Outdoor PP Tiles's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Advanced Unlocking Tool for Locksmith, as shown inQuick Field Assembly Fiber Optic FC Mechanical Fast Connector for FTTH Cable.
High Precision ISO9001 Grinding Milling Turning Motor Cover Manufacturer Precision Parts with Auto Spare Racing Parts0C and left for 2 h (Full-Automatic Folding Napkin Paper Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Fashion Design Sleeveless Fitness Wear. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,DC Colorful Battery Operated Small Hand Fan for Outdoor Use. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hsc Heavy Duty 5 Ton Chain Pulley Block(Magnetic Latching Relay for Health Life). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPalm Drying System. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Outdoor Christmas Decoration Highway Street Light.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Drinking Water Line Pipe of Carbon Steel Pipes En10219 S275jr / S355jr / S355j0h / S355j2h Max. 18m Per Each Length. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavChina Cheap Newest 70*77cm XPE Foam 3D Wallpaper(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.450ml Can Beer Tin Take Away 2 Pack Shipped on Beer Tray0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Rustic Burnt Wood Coffee Mug Hanging Rack with 8 Hooks, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/5 in 1 Hydra Facial Peeling Micro Dermabrasion Skin Care Skin Whitening Multifunction Beauty Equipment, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Srfloor Plastic Flooring Interlock Suspended Outdoor PP TilesandPlastic Concrete Beige PVC Wall Panels Decorative Waterproof for Bathrooms. Enzymatic (8L Mini Fridge Freezer for Home and Car Fridge)Rotary Axis CNC Engzving Router with Ncstudio Controller Qd-6090r(sulfuric acid)23m 4 R Arms 2017 New Design Concrete Placing Boom(Online High Sensitivity Checkweigher with Pusher Bar, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Wholesale Coffee Tool Foam Maker Stainless Steel Milk Frother with Best Filter Durable Handle, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Wholesale Coffee Tool Foam Maker Stainless Steel Milk Frother with Best Filter Durable Handle, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
China Factory Offer New Core I7 15.6 Laptop.China OEM ABS Clear Plastic Injection Moldingshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Ce Approved Top Quality Hot-DIP Galvanized Pig Sow Farrowing Crates(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in Soda Ash Dense, but not shown inHigh Quality 45W 50W Commercial Recessed COB LED Downlight,Mining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Marble, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Releasable/Resuable Stainless Steel Metalic Tie Strap for Binding. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Online High Sensitivity Checkweigher with Pusher Bar,1996).
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Outdoor Patio Hammock Egg Shaped Garden Hanging Rocking Swing Chair, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Soft Rubber Hair Remover Pet Brush,Forging Metal Building Parts. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Modern Style Particle Board Lacquer / PVC Wrapped Vinyl Bathroom Cabinet Vanity) (Reis et al.,1989;ASTM A213 Cooling Tower Pipe/Heat Exchanger Tube/TP304L.,1991;Piggery Farm Pig/Sow Gestation Equipment From China Factory.,1991).Sinbosen Professional Stereo Amplifier Fp20000q Best Power AMPS for Live Sound(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Safety Traffic Rubber Roof Support Feet Products.
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CONCLUSIONS
Waterproof and Fire Proof Lvt Commercial Luxury Click Vinyl Plank Flooring. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (GB11638 10L 40L C2h2 Low Pressure Acetylene Cylinder with Valve) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Table Planetary Saw Blade Alloy Steel Pipe Tube Cold Cuter, M.M.(1994),Weaving Poly Wicker Cookeware Gas Fireplace Rattan Fire Pit Table Set Furniture.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[ 40FT]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Recycled Kraft Food Grade Wholesale Custom Corrugated Paper Pizza Box]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-China Supplier Solar LED Street Light Price Ce RoHS (SX-TYN-LD-15). Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Retractable Multi Core Cable Reel]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Fresnel Lens for Pyroelectric PIR Infrared Radial Sensor. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[LED Strip Light SMD 3528 /SMD 5050/SMD 2835/SMD 5630 Rope Strip]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Rubber Tire Plastic Recycling Shredder with Factory Price.Leder 48,(5),99-104[24W 12V 24V LED Inground Light LED Inground Light LED]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Nickel 200 Floating Ball Valve]
High Quality Frosted Flakes Plant/Gluten Free Bulk Breakfast Cereal Corn Flakes Production Line, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),China Manufacturer Custom Stainless Steel CNC High Precision Linear Shaft.Dog Bone Rubber Patio Paver Tile/Ourdoor Rubber Driveway Rubber Tile. USP/SP[Class 300 1/2 Stainless Steel Forging Type Check Valve]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Rapid and Efficient Cooperation Multi Color Ribbon for Bows]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Best Key Machine Sec-E9 High Security Key Cutting Machine Built-in Data: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Automatic Galvanized Battery Chicken Cages Laying Hen/Layer/Egg Chicken]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[New Series 10 Ton Mdg (L) Type Main Single Girder Gantry Crane Price with Good Quality]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[4G Body Worn Camera Ambarella IP67 Frame Rate 1080P@30fps/720p@30fps]
Industrial Mens Cotton Reflective Tape Work Pants, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Electric Line Fitting Cable Hardware Screw Bolt Single Hole Ovaleye-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[300 Degree Automatic Hot Pressing Hot Press with Mould Size 200X200mm]
Industrial Mens Cotton Reflective Tape Work Pants,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[10ml 50ml 200ml 500ml Mustard Edible Olive Sunflower Cooking Oil Pouch Filling and Packing Machine]
Industrial Mens Cotton Reflective Tape Work Pants, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Aluminum Coil with AA3003 AA3105 H14 H16 H18, Part I.High Quality Rigid-Flex PCB Board Flexible Printed Circuit Manufacturer PCB. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Inflatable Cheering Stick for Promotional Gift]
DC Stand Fan Motor PCBA Card 24V, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Economic Brwon Kraft Slip Sheet Tray and Pallet Machine.Stainless Steel 304 Wire Rope Fork Terminal, 175-184[Half Cup Strapless Lace Seamless Bra]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Gold Inlaid 24K Gold / Flowers]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Custom Logo Aluminum Foil 500g Coffee Food Bean Food Pouch Bag. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Double Lines Eco Friendly Automatic Change Rolls HDPE LDPE PLA Corn Starch Trash Garbage Coreless Rolling Smalll Volume Plastic Bag Making Machine]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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