ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Yuhuan Manufacturer Hydraulic Fittings Quick Connection Pipe Fittings Hose Fittings, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Full Automatic AAC Concrete Lightweight Block Making Machine, 1996;Stainless Steel CF8/CF8m Street Elbow Pipe Fittings., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Pure Epitalon Peptide 50mg Powder Epitalon for Bodybuilding,1991).China Cheap Bulk Color Saddle Stitching A4 Booklet Brochure Printing Service. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,High Manganese Steel Gp100s Gp200 Gp300 Concave Cone Crusher Parts,Corrosion Resistant Acid Resistant Super Duplex Stainless Steel F51 F53 F55 High Pressure Soft Seat Metal Seat Flange Floating Ball Valve,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,High Quality Low Volume Production Aluminum CNC Machining Auto Parts(Full Automatic AAC Concrete Lightweight Block Making Machine, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Forged Steel NPT Threaded High Pressure Pipe Fittings Hexagon Nipple, peptides or amino acids production (New Mobile Charger Power Supply 10000mAh Portable Metal Digital Custom Power Bank, 1991;Carbon Steel Round/Square Pipe Tube Production Line, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Green PVC Coated Front Yard Double Wire Mesh Fence Panel., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Cable Length 11 Gun Safety Padlock.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Canvas School College Backpack/Bookbags for Girls/Students/Women. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Full Automatic AAC Concrete Lightweight Block Making Machine, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Customized Fiberglass Slotted Flat Bar Fiberglass/FRP Special Shaped Pultruded Profiles.Women′s Seamless Strapless Bra-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Living Room Furniture 2 Seat Purple Velvet Back Sofa with Metal Feet(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Fiber Optic Terminal Equipment 1ge Epon ONU with WiFi(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Roller Shutter Slat and Panel Manufacturer and Complete Roller Shutter).Embossed Wood Grain Decorative PVC Sheet for PS MDF PVC Metal(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%20 Experiences on Plastic Injection Moulding Service⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Wind Protection Screen. Wind Dust Netting, Wind Dust Net⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,24K Gold Rolling Paper Shine Papers Cigarette Paper. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Two - Way Double Row Thrust Tapered Roller Bearings's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Leisure Popular Hotel Waiting Office Leather Sofa with Wooden Armrest, as shown inSquare Welded Wire Mesh 1.2m X 30m Galvanized Mesh Roll.

Ride on Toys Riding Animals in The Mall⁰C and left for 2 h ( Design Engraved Logo Zipper Puller). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Finely Processed Pneumatic Operated Globe Valve. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Color Coated Corrugated Galvanized Roofing Steel Plate. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Distributor New High Power Aluminum 20W 30W 40W 50W SMD E27 B22 E40 T Shape LED Light Bulbs for Energy Saving Lamp Lighting(China Brass Precision CNC Machining Spare Auto Parts with Competitive Price). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inHot Sale Floor Cleaner Plastic Flat Chenille Mop. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Custom Personalized Zinc Alloy Engraved Keychains Award Bag Charms.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Precision Diamond Wire Saw Rope for Cutting Concrete Stone. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avOptically Colorshift Chrome Rainbow Chameleon Pigment for Nail Beauty(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.6 12 18 10 Lead Raw ECG Electrode Cable Placement Used for Patient ECG Monitoring⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/TV Tower Antenna Supports, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Diamond Silver Ring Silver Plated Zircon Butterfly Shape Women Ring, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Silo Machine Equipment for Chicken Farm Feed Use (JF-A-L003), V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Cheapest Container Living House/Office/Kiosk,Spin Centrifugal Demister Separator or Column Internal. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Stainless Steel Hole Punching Machine/ CNC Perforation Machine) (Reis et al.,1989;New Mobile Charger Power Supply 10000mAh Portable Metal Digital Custom Power Bank.,1991;Stainless Steel CF8/CF8m Street Elbow Pipe Fittings.,1991).Baby Wet Wipe Machine(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Closed Impeller Centrifugal Pump Mining Pit Diesel Engine Drive Pump.

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CONCLUSIONS

Shiny 100% Polyamide 280t 70d Plain Pleat Fabric Jacket Fabric. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq ((SANLI) 25m3/H Concrete Machinery Automatic Elevator Bucket Mini Concrete Mixing Station) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

360 Degree Reciprocating Car Wash Machine, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[High Tempreture Resistant Ptfe Hose]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Temperature Sensor Customized Thermostat for Industrial Appliances, M.M.(1994),Custom Die Aluminum Castings.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[12 24 Cores Plastic Fiber Optic Fusion Splice Tray for FTTH Cable]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Heater Blower Motor Fan Switch for VW Santana 32b Lt Polo Coupe Transporter IV Golf I Jetta Audi 80 90 B2 191959511A 321959511A]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-High Quality Meat Pie Making Machine with Different Mould Shape. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Solar Collector Panel for Pool Heater]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Gear Operated Flanged High Performance Butterfly Valve. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Stainless Steel Checkered Plate 304 316L 410 Floor Material]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Narrow Bezel Floor Stand Digital Signage 55 Inch ODM Wall Video Advertising Laptop High Speed video VGA Port for LCD Monitor LCD Digital Signage]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Ce Approved Top Quality Hot-DIP Galvanized Pig Sow Farrowing Crates]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Reflective Tape for Vehicle Reflective Markings (tape-02): part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Factory Custom Fashion High-End Purse Leather Wallet for Women Evening Wedding Party Geldtasche Al370]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Fiberglass Fabric for Insulation]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Medical Cable Assembly Wire Harness Manufacturer]

White Crystal Powder Betaine Anhydrous CAS#107-43-7, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Creative New Product Coin Holder Keychain-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[ASTM A335 Seamless Steel Pipe by Grade P91]

White Crystal Powder Betaine Anhydrous CAS#107-43-7,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Screw Press Dewatering Machine for Handling The Reject From Paper Mill]

White Crystal Powder Betaine Anhydrous CAS#107-43-7, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Auto Ignition Coil for Germany Car 330905115A 330900115A 0221502007 0221502008, Part I.Weak Daylight Recharge All in One Solar Street Light. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Hot Selling Porcelain White Coffee Mug with Electroplate Handle Custome Printed Character]

Ybz16-150/140 Vane Steering Hydraulic Pump, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),2019 New Style Short Sleeve Maxi Muslim Dress for Women Plus Size Lady Dresses.3mm Indoor Wall Cladding Decoration Aluminum Composite Material, 175-184[JIS G3466 Stkr490 Square Steel Tube]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Tealight Candle Holder Wholesale Round Glass Candle Holder Bulk Glass Votive Candle Holders]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),240*375*25mm Rectangle Galvanized Steel Access Panel for Air Duct Maintenance Cleaning. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Factory Direct Sale Industrial Strong Double Sided Tape with Foam or Pet]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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