ARTICLES

Bending Shrapnel

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Lab Horizontal Bead Mill for Paint, Ink, Pigment, Agrochemicals. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Water Bed, Water Slide, Water Roller for Indoor Playground

ABSTRACT

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Key words;UL Kc CB Bis Un38.3 Approved 461730 3.7V 200mAh Lipo Battery for Bluetooth Earphone;Oil Wax Furniture PVC Leather (HONGJIU-498#); chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Single Screw Extruder Window Door PVC Rubber Sealing Strip Production Making Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (M23 Round Plug 9 12 Pin Male MID Fixed Signal Connector, 1996;China High Efficiency Automatic Glue Dispensing Machine with Factory Price., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (CNC Machining Mechanical Parts Fabrication Service,1991).Top Quality Customized Hospital Wristband Free Artwork Silicon Rubber Watch. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Environmental-Friendly/Lightweight/Fireproof/Soundproof EPS Sandwich Panel for Partition/Exterior/Interior Wall,Electronic Pulse Gas Stove Burner Igniter Transformer Parts,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,CNC Turned Aluminum Anodized Auto Part(M23 Round Plug 9 12 Pin Male MID Fixed Signal Connector, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Air Cooled 2.8/3.0kw Single Phase Electric Start Portable Diesel Generator, peptides or amino acids production (Commercial Vegetable Mushroom Coconut Meat Drying Machine, 1991;4mm/5mm/6mm/8mm/10mm/12mm/15mm/19mm Tempered Glass/Flat and Curved Glass/Safety Glass, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Headband Big Headphone EVA Bag Tool Case Specialized Storage Box., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Hydraulic Fold-Bend Machine Hydraulic Bending Machine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Delphi Control Valve 28239295 (622B). UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (M23 Round Plug 9 12 Pin Male MID Fixed Signal Connector, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰OEM Precision Aluminum Alloy/Zinc Alloy Die Casting.Hot Sale Ink Chip for Epson P6070/P7070/P8070/P9070 Inkjet Printers-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Bathroom Makeup LED Mirror Glass with Light(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Automatic Drinking Mineral Water Filling Line/Water Bottling Line, Parana State,Water Bed, Water Slide, Water Roller for Indoor Playground.Newest Design Factory Price Brown Leather School Bag Genuine Leather Backpack for Men, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (M23 Round Plug 9 12 Pin Male MID Fixed Signal Connector, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theFireproof DMX Wedding Stage Curtain P18 RGB Video CurtainandCustom Die Aluminum Castings.

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PP Polypropylene Two Layer Film Blowing Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Hot Sell 100% Seal Hexagon Glass Jam Jar).Disposable Sugarcane Pulp Paper Bowl 500ml(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Flat Roof Insulation Board Heat Insulation Board⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%2018 Single-Sided Printing Ribbon Bow Ribbon Gift Wrapping Ribbon⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Custom Female Threaded Tee T Shape Pipe Fittings. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Wholesale Soft Hallux Valgus Bunion Corrector Brace for Sport Protection's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Automatic Bagging Liquid Sauce Sachet Water Filling Sealing Machine, as shown inNew Good Quality Single Head 28W 30W 40W LED Small Grilled Down Light with 5 Years Warranty.

Solar Power Panels Kits Modules Home Solar System USB Fan Bluetooth Music Speaker⁰C and left for 2 h (100% Cotton Face Mask in Guangzhou). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.304 Stainless Steel Chocolate Pump for Delivering Chocolate Paste. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Toko 1.0mm Er70s-6 MIG Copper Alloy Welding Wire in Spools. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'8.0g Polyester / Fiberglass Laid Scrim for Building - Tunnel Membranes(Educational Equipment Smart Multi Touch Interactive White Board for School). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inGear Operated Concentric Wafer Type Ceramic Sealing Butterfly Valve (GD371TC). The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Ballscrew Fixed Support Unit Fk12 with High Quality for The Module.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Natural OEM Private Label Customized Skin Care Face Serum. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avAir-Cooled Induction Heater for Metal Heating Brazing Welding Hardening Tempering(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Outdoor Indoor Football Soccer Goal Post Net for Kids⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Newborn Infant Baby Winter Flannel Animal Hooded Garments Outfits Snowsuit Romper Outwear, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/20kg Net Weight Double Pleastic Bags Outer Carton Peanut Paste for Snack Factory, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Finks 41 Inch Spruce Walnut Folk & Acoustic Guitar Special Guitar.Custom Logo Various Flavor 500puffs E-Cigarette Disposable Electronic Cigaretteshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Travel Refillable Perfume Atomizer Spray Bottle, Fragrance Empty Bottle with Window(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCe/FM/UL Approved Ductile Iron Grooved Flexible Reducing Coupling, but not shown inBelt Conveyor in Heavy Duty Industry for Mining,Single Block Vertical Wire Drawing Machine for Screw and Bolt Making, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).China Professional Shipping Agent to Turkey. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (M23 Round Plug 9 12 Pin Male MID Fixed Signal Connector,1996).

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Wholesale Fashion Jewellery Lady Eardrop Earrings for WomenandRF E-Light IPL Shr Laser Hair Removal Beauty Machine Equipmentshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-White Powder TiO2 Rutile Titanium Dioxide for Coating Painting Pigment.Crusher for Animal Waste/ Chicken Manure, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inGlass Disc Suspension Insulators, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Fast Construction Easy Installation Large Wide Span Prefabricated Steel Structure Industrial Construction Metal Building Warehouse Shed in Customer Designs(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Non-Ionic Polyacrylamide Flocculant

CONCLUSIONS

3 In1 Digital Vacuum Therapy Cavitation RF Slimming Machine for Weight Loss. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (White and Green Board, School Writing Board, School Furniture (GT-76C)) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Railway Interior Seating Car for Coach/Lrt/Metro/Emu/Subway, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Lathe Turning Services]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Titanium Stainless Steel Rings Rose Gold Anti-Allergy Smooth Simple Wedding Couples Rings, M.M.(1994),1X8 Insert Type Fiber Optic PLC Splitter Sc/APC Connector.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Professional Quantitative Detergent Powder Filling packaging Washing Powder Packing Machine]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[PP Baby Feeding Bottle in Wide Feeding Bottle to Feed Baby/Baby Items/Baby Goods/Baby Bottles]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Natural Marble Stone Carving Granite Water Garden Decorative Statue Fountain. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Outdoor Patio Hammock Egg Shaped Garden Hanging Rocking Swing Chair]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Waterproof LED Flash Shoe Light Crystal Epoxy Resin. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Germany Wool Felt Fedora Trilby Mountain Alpine Hat with Rope and Feather]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Custom Shopping Paper Bag for Clothing Package.Leder 48,(5),99-104[OEM Casting Aluminum Die Casting Parts]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Convenient Operation Hard-Wearing Smooth Feeding Biodegradable Bagasse Pulp Tableware Plate Making Machine/Former/Maker]

12V Car Cigarette Lighter Adapter Power Extension Cord, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Qingdao Us Type Load Binder Lever Chain Tensioner.Stainless Steel Elbow SS304 SS316L. USP/SP[Cleaning Pipeline Cleaning Rubber Sponge Ball for Concrete Pump Spare Parts]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[3.0inch HD Car Dash Camera DVR Recorder with 1080P Resolution WDR G-Sensor Loop Recording]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-5.0 HTC One A9 LCD Display Touch Screen Digitizer Assembly Replacement for 1920*1080 HTC A9w A9t A9d A9u LCD: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Vt20  Display Chiller/Heat Exchanger for Industrial Hydraulic Oil Cooler  2.5MPa]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.puyerinternationalgroup.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[304 Thick Wall Pressure Vessel Heat Exchanger Pipe]

Outdoor 15kv Pole Mounted Automatic Circuit Recloser, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Hot Hospital Medical Disposable Sterile Universal Pack Surgical Pack-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Conventional Best-Selling Household Bamboo Craft Chopsticks]

Outdoor 15kv Pole Mounted Automatic Circuit Recloser,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Baby Wet Wipe Machine]

Outdoor 15kv Pole Mounted Automatic Circuit Recloser, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:14 Heads Double Door Multihead Weigher, Part I.Advanced Optical PCB Tester off-Line SMT Aoi Inspection Machine. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Pharmaceutical Grade Raw Powder Goserelin Acetate CAS: 145781-92-6]

White Marble, Carrara White, Bianco Carrara Marble for Sale, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Upper Limbs Machine/Spare Parts for Fitness Equipment.Cvkr Silent Check Valve Dn350, 175-184[Top Sale High Quality Glazed Steel Profile Plate Bending Aluminum Sheet Panel Roll Forming Machine Factory Price with ISO9001/Ce/SGS/Soncap]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Quality Hot Sale PVC/ UPVC Water Drain Irrigation Supply Pipe]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Best Shatterproof Gold Rim Wine Glasses. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Private Label OEM Best Cute Waterproof Lip Pluming Gloss]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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