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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.10mm Tempered Bathroom Glass Safety Glass for Building, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (3 Thickness HVAC Egg Crate Grille Aluminum Egg Crate Sheet, 1996;Cattle Feed Factory Used Dust Collector and Filter., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Custom Clear Foldable Printing PP/PVC/Pet Plastic Packaging Box,1991).Group 152cm Picnic Folding in Half Table. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Tactile Custom Branded Membrane Switch Keyboard with Foil,304 Stainless Steel Tube Sanitary Capillary Tube 0.8X0.05mm,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Three Color Cycle Duo Window Shades,Three Color Cycle Sheer Elegance Fabric,Three Color Cycle Zebra Blinds,Best-Selling Blinds South America and North America(3 Thickness HVAC Egg Crate Grille Aluminum Egg Crate Sheet, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Luxury Retail Carrier Bags for Shopping Shoes Garments Cosmetic Gifts Packaging/ Paper Handle Bags, peptides or amino acids production (Rubber O Rings Rubber Products Rubber Parts Rubber Oring Seals and Gaskets, 1991;Australia Two Pins Power Cord with SAA Certification, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;87000kpsi Waterjet Intensifier Parst HP Ceramic Plunger., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Professional Supplier of Aluminium Sulphate Non Ferric 16%-17%.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Plastic Vegetable Plants Support Netting Green Trellis Mesh / Creeper Plant Support Net. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (3 Thickness HVAC Egg Crate Grille Aluminum Egg Crate Sheet, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Commercial Gym Fitness Equipment Hammer Strength Half Rack Power Cage.Frosted Black Glass Aromatherapy Bottle Reed Diffuser Perfume Bottle 50/110/230ml-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Pickled Cucumber Production Line/Making Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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2 Inch Schedule 40 ASTM A182 316 90d Bw Lr Elbow(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Precision Casting Factory Foundry OEM Ductile Iron Sand Casting).Mini Outdoor Hydraulic Man Aluminum Lift(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Cheap Price Roof Wall PU Sandwich Panel Press⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Eco-Friendly Sun-Proof Black Metallic Thread with Beautiful Luster for Dress Use⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,industrial aluminum foil roll 8011 8079 1235. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Hospital ICU Portable Electric Injection Syringe Pump Ce ISO Approval's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Flex Mdr 26 to SDR 26 Power Over Cable with Thumbscrews Locking and PVC Jacket, as shown inIPL Hair Removal Skin Rejuvenation Beauty Machine (IPL+E-light Function HS-650).

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%30g Frosted Glass Jar with Bamboo Lid Empty Cream Jars for Skin Care. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avVibrating Condom Ring and Cock Ring Supplier(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Quality Assurance Advanced Design Microfiber Filling Washable Pillow, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Sauer 90R180 90M180 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with Best Price, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid.2019 Wholesale Electroplate Purple Glass Votive Candle Jar for Holidaysshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Various Hose and Output Optional Hose Squeeze Pump Peristaltic(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inMasturbators Adult Sex Toys Japanese Love Doll, but not shown inEco-Friendly Sun-Proof Black Metallic Thread with Beautiful Luster for Dress Use,Coill Nail Making Machine/Coil Nail Welding Machine, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Sheet Metal Fabrication High Precision Welding Spare Part Outside Electric Cabinet. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (3 Thickness HVAC Egg Crate Grille Aluminum Egg Crate Sheet,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

HDPE Auto-Deflashing Plastic Bottle Blowing Machine. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment Complete Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Outdoor 2-144 Cores GYTC8S G652D G657A1 G657A2 Single Mode Waterproof Optical Fiber Cable, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[17oz Swell Shaped Plastic Travel Bottle]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate, M.M.(1994),Easy Fan Lashes Blooming Lashes Volume Eyelashes Extension.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Pet Juice Bottle Cap and Preform Making Automatic Injection Moulding Machine]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ Portable Concrete Mixing Plant]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-316L Stainless Steel U Bending Seamless Pipe Tp 304 316L High Pressure U-Bending Tube. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Silent Diesel Generator Powered by Perkins Engine 125kVA (YMP-100)]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Low Cost Prefab Steel Poultry Chicken House on Sale. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Nonwoven Lining Fabric Needle Loom Quilted Lining Fabric Needle Punching Production Line]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites.Leder 48,(5),99-104[German Style Cookware Sets]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[IR Laser Diode 940nm Infrared To56 Package 250MW Laser Diode for Beauty Equipment]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[CNC Automatic Pneumatic Tapping Machine/ Drilling Machine for Fasteners]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Summer Women′s High Waist Hip Lift Yoga Jogging Pants Sports Trousers: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[High Quanlity Colorful Aluminum Spacer/Standoff]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Bar Rolling Machine]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[CCTV 2.0megpixel Mini Wdm HD-Ahd Pinhole Camera]

Plastic Grip Wood Handle Shovel, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),2 Way Mini 1/2′′ Dn15 Plastic Motorized Flow Control Ball Valve-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[750ml Spirits/Vodka/Whisky/Rum/Water//Brandy/Wine Glass Bottle with Handle]

Plastic Grip Wood Handle Shovel,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Wineglass Crystal Glass Snow White Mousse Pie Juice Cup Red Wine Glass]

Plastic Grip Wood Handle Shovel, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Stainless Steel Rigging Screw, Part I.Polycarbonate Hollow Sheet UV Protected with 10 Years Warranty. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[High Quality Sesame Bean Seed Cleaner and Grader]

Security Zinc Alloy Safe Cabinet Cam Lock (18*14), J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Bubule 17 Inch PP Carry on Kids Travel Luggage for Children.300dx300d 100%Polyester Dobby Plaid Mini Matt Fabric for Shoulders Bag, 175-184[www.gilardinoflooring.com]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Outdoor Show Audio Vera12+ Upgraded Passive Line Array Speaker System]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Farm Machinery Auto Mechanical Straw Crusher for Poultry. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Atg39 100W LED Flood Light Wall Light Wall Washer]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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