ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Graphite Ring Good Lubrication. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Flat Head Six-Lobe with Gasket Self Tapping Screws.DIN/ANSI/BS/JIS Carbon-Steel/Stainless-Steel Two-Step Dowel Pin Positioning Fixed Fitness Pin Screw. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Weiying Full Computerized Plain and Invisible Sock knitting Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Hot Double Cereal Airtight Food Dispenser, 1996;Disposable Food Packaging Paper Soup Bowl with Lids., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (500ml PP Sport Water Bottle with Ball,1991).Stamping Fine Blanking Sheet Metal Fabrication Part. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Fng Circular Push Pull Male Connectors with Lanyard 0b 6pins,Trade Assurance Beautiful Silk Lace Closure,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,High Quality Needle Rollers for Bearings(Hot Double Cereal Airtight Food Dispenser, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Heavy Duty Steel Warehouse Storage Pallet Rack, peptides or amino acids production (Coil Auto Ignition Coil, Chery Automobile Ignition Coi for Chery QQ01.1. Chang ′an Star Q5 OEM: S11-3705010ab, 1991;High Quality Stranded Tungsten Heater Filament Tungsten Filament Vacuum Coating Wire, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;High Quality Bulk Price Yk-11 Powder for Bodybuilding., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Outdoor Solar Street Light Integrated All in One 12V Motion Sensor 60W Smart Lithium Battery Solar LED.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-PA PC PBT Pet Plastic Svmd 3-in-1 Dehumidifying Dryer. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Hot Double Cereal Airtight Food Dispenser, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Meet All Industry Needs with Openly Design High Temperature Oven.380V 3.0HP Peristaltic Pump Swimming Pool Pump-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Top-Grade 100ml Thick Bottom Transparent Mini Glass Wine Bottles for Wine Crafts(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Wholesale Bakeware Metal Stainless Steel Blade Pasta & Pastry Cutter, Parana State,High Quality and Efficient Combustion UHP Graphite Electrode.Full-Automatic Folding Napkin Paper Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Hot Double Cereal Airtight Food Dispenser, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the5km City Surveillance Network Infrared Laser PTZ CameraandLiving Room Furniture 2 Seat Purple Velvet Back Sofa with Metal Feet.

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Customized Frame Mount Highway Pegs Enclosure Parts(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Automatic Controller Carbon Steel Sheet Pipe China CNC Plasma Cutter).Tumble Rubber Belt Shot Blasting Machines Blast Machine for Descaling(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%10mm Tempered Bathroom Glass Safety Glass for Building⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%3 Thickness HVAC Egg Crate Grille Aluminum Egg Crate Sheet⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Cattle Feed Factory Used Dust Collector and Filter. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Custom Clear Foldable Printing PP/PVC/Pet Plastic Packaging Box's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Group 152cm Picnic Folding in Half Table, as shown inEquipment Manufacturers Mayflay Sales Semi-Auto Dry - Suction Commercial Sandblaster for Motorcycle Frame Surface Cleaning with Light Gun & Nozzle.

Tactile Custom Branded Membrane Switch Keyboard with Foil⁰C and left for 2 h (Stainless Steel Autoclave UV Sterilizer for Salon Yj-UV3). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.304 Stainless Steel Tube Sanitary Capillary Tube 0.8X0.05mm. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Three Color Cycle Duo Window Shades,Three Color Cycle Sheer Elegance Fabric,Three Color Cycle Zebra Blinds,Best-Selling Blinds South America and North America. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Luxury Retail Carrier Bags for Shopping Shoes Garments Cosmetic Gifts Packaging/ Paper Handle Bags(Sport Anti Vibration Hiking Safety Shoes). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inCustom Kraft Corrugate Packaging Box for Pizza. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Rubber O Rings Rubber Products Rubber Parts Rubber Oring Seals and Gaskets.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Australia Two Pins Power Cord with SAA Certification. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av87000kpsi Waterjet Intensifier Parst HP Ceramic Plunger(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Plastic Vegetable Plants Support Netting Green Trellis Mesh / Creeper Plant Support Net⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Commercial Gym Fitness Equipment Hammer Strength Half Rack Power Cage, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Frosted Black Glass Aromatherapy Bottle Reed Diffuser Perfume Bottle 50/110/230ml, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Commercial AC Electric Motorized Treadmill 21.5 Touch Screen WiFi HiFiandPickled Cucumber Production Line/Making Machine. Enzymatic (Rectangular Lunch Tin Box with Handle)Inflatable Cheering Stick for Promotional Gift(sulfuric acid)Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment Complete Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment(Hot Double Cereal Airtight Food Dispenser, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Built in Two Speakers 12.1 Inch Touch Screen USB Monitor Display for PC or Notebook, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Built in Two Speakers 12.1 Inch Touch Screen USB Monitor Display for PC or Notebook, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

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Hospital ICU Portable Electric Injection Syringe Pump Ce ISO Approval, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.High Flex Mdr 26 to SDR 26 Power Over Cable with Thumbscrews Locking and PVC Jacket,Mini Hydraulic Adjustable Gas Spring Strut for Furniture Cabinet. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Double Walled Stainless Steel Insulated Water Bottle) (Reis et al.,1989;Coil Auto Ignition Coil, Chery Automobile Ignition Coi for Chery QQ01.1. Chang ′an Star Q5 OEM: S11-3705010ab.,1991;Disposable Food Packaging Paper Soup Bowl with Lids.,1991).Afraic Market Mobile Food Vending Cart(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Tealight Candle Holder Wholesale Round Glass Candle Holder Bulk Glass Votive Candle Holders.

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CONCLUSIONS

Double Wall Glass Coffee Mug Tea Cups. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Fully Automatic Digital Pid Temperature Controller) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Diameter38mm Food Grade Rubber Hose for Beer Equipment Cleaning, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Fiber Cement Board/EPS Cement Sandwich Wall Cement Board for Office Building]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,30g Frosted Glass Jar with Bamboo Lid Empty Cream Jars for Skin Care, M.M.(1994),Vibrating Condom Ring and Cock Ring Supplier.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[4 Different Ball Silicone Ice Cube Maker]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Precision Tooling Grinding Machine Part]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Various Styles Indoor Fire Proof Eco Click Vinyl Spc Flooring]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Aroma Oils Diffuser Scent Machine HVAC System Perfuming Fragrance GS-10000]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Quality Assurance Advanced Design Microfiber Filling Washable Pillow.Leder 48,(5),99-104[acctek-cnc.com]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Professional Ebony Wood Clarinet Bb Like Buffet Manufacturer]

Aws A5.1 E6013 Welding Electrode in Carbon Steel Structure, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Sauer 90R180 90M180 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with Best Price.Decorative Waterproof Fireproof Heat Resistant HPL High Pressure Compact Phenolic Laminate Board. USP/SP[Concentric Reducer 3 Inch*2 Inch A105 ASME B16.9]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Complete Maize Starch Wet Milling Plant with High Quality]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Wall Mounting Metal Control Box Control Desk: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Customization! Bdy380CD Horizontal Directional Drilling Machine]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Night Time Motion Sensor Light]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[MB-Z500 5-8t/H Automatic Wood Peeler/Industrial Wood Peeler/Log Debarker]

Precision Tooling Grinding Machine Part, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Autumn Winter Socks Christmas Velvet Cute Home Warm Short Socks-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Hot Sale Wholesale Custom Logo Luxury Paper Gift Box with Magnet Closure]

Precision Tooling Grinding Machine Part,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[2070 4th Axis CNC]

Precision Tooling Grinding Machine Part, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Kellogg′s Corn Flakes Cereals Snacks Food Making Machine, Part I.300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[China Manufacturer Premium Outdoor Use Climbing  Plant  Support  Net]

Various Hose and Output Optional Hose Squeeze Pump Peristaltic, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Coill Nail Making Machine/Coil Nail Welding Machine.Sheet Metal Fabrication High Precision Welding Spare Part Outside Electric Cabinet, 175-184[Portable Compact Crane]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Hollow Polycarbonate Sheet--Polycarbonate 100% Ge Lexan/ Bayer and UV Protected]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),2017 Hot Diped Galvanized Welded Gabion Basket. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Outdoor Christmas Decoration Highway Street Light]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Disposable Skin Stapler (CSPF-35W)Author for correspondence