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ABSTRACT

Holo Sequins Nail Salon Decor Laser Glitter Dust Flakes Decoration. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Square Plastic PP Geocomposite Drainage Blind Ditch/Drain.Stainless Steel Ozone Disinfection Machine Ozone Generator. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Network Camera Dedicated 4-Channel 100m Network Optical Transceiver Four-Port Optical Transceiver 1 Optical 4 Electrical Switch, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Bobby Flay Websites Restaurant Martha Stewart Designer Tray, 1996;Plastic PVC Window Decking Profile/Ceiling/ Door Board/Wall Panel/Edge Banding/Sheet Extrusion Extruding Machine Production Line., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Airport Runway Reinforced PP Twist Fiber Toghter with Mesh Fiber,1991).Diameter 2.68m Paragraphed Autoclave for AAC Bricks. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Firefighting Fireman Boots/Mining Safety Boots/Steel-Toe Rubber Boots-Ayonsafety,Travelling Weekender Mens Canvas Duffle Gym Sports Bag,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,4 Inch IPS Screen 1080P Ntk Exclusive Tooling Dual Camera DVR Cardboard GSM Black Box(Bobby Flay Websites Restaurant Martha Stewart Designer Tray, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,China Stable Frequency Control Baby Diapers Making Machine (YNK400-FC), peptides or amino acids production (Best Selling Household Living Room Mat Chenille Carpets, 1991;130HP 4WD Large Farm Power Engine Tractor From High Quality Factory, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Beauty Salon Electrical Equipments Deep Cleaning Facial Facial Massager Diamond Making SPA Medical Equipment., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Large Size Outdoor Store Front Signs Advertising Billboard.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Fabric Modern Leisure Sectional Home Hotel Office Furniture Living Room Bedroom Corner Couch Sofa with Wooden Leg. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Bobby Flay Websites Restaurant Martha Stewart Designer Tray, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰1325 CNC Engraving Router.Garden Rattan Wicker Sofa Set 4PCS for Outdoor Hotel-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:T6s 86 PCD Core Bit for Geotechnical Drilling(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Wvrb Series Planetary Gearbox Used for Robot, Parana State,Bluetooth SIM Card Metal Strap Smart Watch Z60 with Camera Android Smart Watch Phone Multi-Languages.NPK 15 15 15 Compound Fertilizer at a Hot Selling, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Bobby Flay Websites Restaurant Martha Stewart Designer Tray, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHigh Quality Wholesale Price Auto Iridium Spark Plug for HyundaiandAuto Small Tomato Paste Production Line Automatic Ketchup Processing Plant Machinery Cheap Price for Sale.

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Mini Blown Film Extrusion(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Galvanized Wire Mesh Fence/Cattle Deer Fence Supplier From China).Pearls Flake 99% Factory Naoh Caustic Soda(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Auto Spare Parts 12629037 Ignition Coil for Cadillac⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Quality PVC Resin with Low Price⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Small Backhoe Loader with Air Conditioning. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Line Scan Uvss System Portable Under Vehicle Surveillance's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Outdoor 7LEDs Single Color Landcape Spotlight Solar LED Lawn Light, as shown inImirootree 250ml Glass Jar with Lids for Cosmetic Cream.

FSTN Type Monochrome Graphic Display Cog LCD with Backlight⁰C and left for 2 h (Factory Supply 100% Natural Epimedium Extract for Male Health). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.3D Embossed Iron on Label Clothing Heat Transfer Label. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Glass Food Jar & Plastic Lid. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'0-10V Analog 1000mm Linear Position String Encoders Rotary Encoder String Potentiometer(Insulating Glass Rubber Assembly Table (Insulating Glass Machine) Rubber Assembly Tool). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inBath Towel With Logo Suppliers for Sale. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Easy Operation Low Investment Cassava Silo.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%CNC 4FT Wood Log Rounder Log Debarker Machine for Plywood Making. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av100-350mm Butt Welding Angle Ammonia Freon Stop and Check Valve(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Dental Laboratory Technician Workstation Dental Technician Bench Technician Work Table⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Sc-2400 Automatic Multi Function Sosn Side Drilling Machine, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Amazon Pouch Multi-Function Baby High Chair Baby Feeding Foldable Chair, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

High Quality Acrylic Beer Display Racks with LEDandQuality Shaper Machine Bc6085 Shapping Machine. Enzymatic (Thermoplastic Road Marking Paint Glass Beads)Automatic Best Price Small Plastic Pet Drink Water Juice Bottle Jar Maker Blow Molding Blowing Making Machine(sulfuric acid)Large Variety Low Volume Non Standard Customized High Precision CNC Machining Parts(Bobby Flay Websites Restaurant Martha Stewart Designer Tray, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%I7s Twns Bluetooth Earphone Sport Stereo Earbuds 4.2 with Charging Case, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%I7s Twns Bluetooth Earphone Sport Stereo Earbuds 4.2 with Charging Case, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Polyvinyl Chloride Suspension Resin Virgin PVC Resin Sg5.T6 Outdoor Waterproof Tactical Flashlightshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Free Sample! AC Power Contactor for Sale(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in24L Thermoelectric Cooler and Warmer Car Mini Car Fridge, but not shown inAnti-Corrosion Galvanized Collated Drywall Screw Dry Wall Screws,PA System Loudspeaker 100W Outdoor Column Speaker , and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Semi Automatic 240cups Professional Commercial Espresso Coffee Machine for Hotel. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Bobby Flay Websites Restaurant Martha Stewart Designer Tray,1996).

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Ce Approved Single Roller Electric Heated 2.5m Ironing Machine/Calender Iron Machine, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Flower Design Custom Made Silk Scarf,New Design Indoor Artificial Mini Rockery Fountains. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (PVC Textile Fabric for Outdoor Sports Waterproof Backpack) (Reis et al.,1989;Best Selling Household Living Room Mat Chenille Carpets.,1991;Plastic PVC Window Decking Profile/Ceiling/ Door Board/Wall Panel/Edge Banding/Sheet Extrusion Extruding Machine Production Line.,1991).7000 Hours Anti-Aging Roof Material Welding-Applied Tpo Membrane(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Medical Endoscope Disposable Bite Block with Bandage.

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CONCLUSIONS

Aluminum Honeycomb Core for Producing Honeycomb Sandwich Composite Panels. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Cummins L10 Engine Piston Cooling Nozzle 3070218) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Pre-Engineering Steel Structure Warehouse-Ce SGS BV ISO (SS-08), A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[EPDM Flexible Car Heater Radiator Hose for Automobile]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Ladder Type Cable Tray with Ce/ GOST/ TUV/UL, M.M.(1994),12V Electric Portable Outdoor Water Fruit Car Fridge with Ce.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Nbm High Quality Auto Part Factory Price 6pk2310]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Garlic Red Mesh Bag]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Fine Bubble Diffuser for Air Purifier. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[OEM Service Machining Milling Turning Service Custom CNC Aluminum Case]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Btk Iron Tramp Remover/Separator for Magnetic Mine/Magnetic Ore. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[High Precision Tungsten Carbide Machine Customized Cutting Tool]

Heidemann, E.(1997),High Quality Cheap Price Custom Aluminum Logo Metal Label Plate.Leder 48,(5),99-104[m.solwaysolarlight.com]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[BOPP CPP Laminate Food Packaging Metalized Pet Cup Sealing Film]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[40*20*2mm 6082 Aluminum Rectangular Tube with Round Corners in Stock]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-China Supplier Rubber Injection Molding Machine with Ce: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[ MUG]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[60 Core Waterproof Fiber Optic Cable]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Yellow Color PVC Film for Bags Raincoat Inflatable Toys Water-Bed]

Tc90 Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulated Aluminum Alloy Cable Made in China, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Ce 20 Aluminum Frame Urban Electric Folding Bike with Lithium Battery-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Bto 22 Electric Galvanized Razor Concertina Wire for Military]

Tc90 Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulated Aluminum Alloy Cable Made in China,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[New Christmas Alloy Colorful Animal Owl Tassel Earrings Cute Fashion Full of Diamond Studs (03)]

Tc90 Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulated Aluminum Alloy Cable Made in China, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:High Quality Fruit Lemon H20 Water Bottle Drinking Bottle Infusion Sports Bottle BPA Free, Part I.Manufacturer Kraft Paper Aluminum Foil Laminated Ziplock Custom Printed Mylar Gift Bag. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[High Speed Automatic Packing Machine (GK-650 BA)]

Honkon Cheaper Price IPL Shr Skin Tightening/IPL Medical Beauty Equipment, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),High Quality & High Speed Straight Line Wire Drawing Machine.High Speed 3000W Fiber Laser Cutter, 175-184[8m Aluminum Fishing Center Cabin Boat for Sale]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Electric Paint Sprayer Pump]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Ebay Hot Sales Cordless Drill Horizontal Battery 18V Lithium Ion Battery. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Finks 41 Inch Koreanpine Sapele Single Solid Folk & Acoustic Guitar]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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