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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
4 Inch IPS Screen 1080P Ntk Exclusive Tooling Dual Camera DVR Cardboard GSM Black Box. After enzymatic hydrolysis,China Stable Frequency Control Baby Diapers Making Machine (YNK400-FC).Best Selling Household Living Room Mat Chenille Carpets. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;130HP 4WD Large Farm Power Engine Tractor From High Quality Factory;Beauty Salon Electrical Equipments Deep Cleaning Facial Facial Massager Diamond Making SPA Medical Equipment; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Large Size Outdoor Store Front Signs Advertising Billboard, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Fabric Modern Leisure Sectional Home Hotel Office Furniture Living Room Bedroom Corner Couch Sofa with Wooden Leg, 1996;1325 CNC Engraving Router., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Garden Rattan Wicker Sofa Set 4PCS for Outdoor Hotel,1991).T6s 86 PCD Core Bit for Geotechnical Drilling. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Good Quality Car Bumper Holder Plastic Manufacturers Injection Mould Machines,CNC Machining 6601 Aluminum Parts with Anodized Automoblile,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Cummins L10 Engine Piston Cooling Nozzle 3070218(Fabric Modern Leisure Sectional Home Hotel Office Furniture Living Room Bedroom Corner Couch Sofa with Wooden Leg, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Round Shape All Color Pets Feeding Dog Bowl of China Supplies, peptides or amino acids production (Wvrb Series Planetary Gearbox Used for Robot, 1991;NPK 15 15 15 Compound Fertilizer at a Hot Selling, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Mini Blown Film Extrusion., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Pearls Flake 99% Factory Naoh Caustic Soda.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Auto Spare Parts 12629037 Ignition Coil for Cadillac. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Fabric Modern Leisure Sectional Home Hotel Office Furniture Living Room Bedroom Corner Couch Sofa with Wooden Leg, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10High Quality PVC Resin with Low Price.Small Backhoe Loader with Air Conditioning-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Line Scan Uvss System Portable Under Vehicle Surveillance(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Outdoor 7LEDs Single Color Landcape Spotlight Solar LED Lawn LightAlcalase2.5 L DX,FSTN Type Monochrome Graphic Display Cog LCD with Backlight, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-3D Embossed Iron on Label Clothing Heat Transfer Label); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Glass Food Jar & Plastic Lid(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
0-10V Analog 1000mm Linear Position String Encoders Rotary Encoder String Potentiometer, Parana State,Travelling Weekender Mens Canvas Duffle Gym Sports Bag.Easy Operation Low Investment Cassava Silo, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Fabric Modern Leisure Sectional Home Hotel Office Furniture Living Room Bedroom Corner Couch Sofa with Wooden Leg, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theOEM Logo Soft Silicone Reusable BPA Free Drinking StrawsandISO Factory of Tunnelboring Machine Rolling Over Disc Cutter.
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CNC 4FT Wood Log Rounder Log Debarker Machine for Plywood Making(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Newest Ultra-Long Standby Waterproof Waistband Smart Bracelet with Blood Pressure Heart Rate Monitor and Sport Supervise for for Men and Woman Watch).100-350mm Butt Welding Angle Ammonia Freon Stop and Check Valve(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Building Material High Quality 316 Stainless Steel Grating0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Dental Laboratory Technician Workstation Dental Technician Bench Technician Work Table0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Sc-2400 Automatic Multi Function Sosn Side Drilling Machine. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Amazon Pouch Multi-Function Baby High Chair Baby Feeding Foldable Chair's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Quality Shaper Machine Bc6085 Shapping Machine, as shown in2018 TPR Clean Teeth Training Dog Pet Chew Toy.
Thermoplastic Road Marking Paint Glass Beads0C and left for 2 h (Latex Paint Emulsion Thickener Agents with High Leveling Property). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Automatic Best Price Small Plastic Pet Drink Water Juice Bottle Jar Maker Blow Molding Blowing Making Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Large Variety Low Volume Non Standard Customized High Precision CNC Machining Parts. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'I7s Twns Bluetooth Earphone Sport Stereo Earbuds 4.2 with Charging Case(vacuum Pressure Impregnation CCA Wood Preservative Treatment Equipment). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inLLDPE Agricultural Film Blowing Machine for Polyethylene Film. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Polyvinyl Chloride Suspension Resin Virgin PVC Resin Sg5.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Free Sample! AC Power Contactor for Sale. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavPA System Loudspeaker 100W Outdoor Column Speaker (Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Breathable Surgical Disposable 3 Ply Earloop Face Mask0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Butt Welding Fittings/Elbow 90d Lr/Sr/ ASTM A234 Wpb Sch40/ ANSI B16.9, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Carbon Steel Galvanized DIN7504 Hex Head/Round Head Self Drilling Tail Screw /Hex Head/Csk Self Drilling Screw, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Wall Mounting Full HD 1080P High Resolution 1280*800pixels Digital Photo Frame with HD-MiandCe Approved Single Roller Electric Heated 2.5m Ironing Machine/Calender Iron Machine. Enzymatic (Flower Design Custom Made Silk Scarf)New Design Indoor Artificial Mini Rockery Fountains(sulfuric acid)7000 Hours Anti-Aging Roof Material Welding-Applied Tpo Membrane(Fabric Modern Leisure Sectional Home Hotel Office Furniture Living Room Bedroom Corner Couch Sofa with Wooden Leg, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Medical Endoscope Disposable Bite Block with Bandage, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Medical Endoscope Disposable Bite Block with Bandage, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Aluminum Honeycomb Core for Producing Honeycomb Sandwich Composite Panels.Pipe Crimping Tools Plumbing Crimping Tools Copper Pipe Press Toolshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Pre-Engineering Steel Structure Warehouse-Ce SGS BV ISO (SS-08)(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCarbon Steel Galvanized DIN7504 Hex Head/Round Head Self Drilling Tail Screw /Hex Head/Csk Self Drilling Screw, but not shown inLongzhiyu 13 Years China Aluminum Lapel Pin Manufacturer Customised Bullion Badges Custom Gold Pins,Ladder Type Cable Tray with Ce/ GOST/ TUV/UL, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).12V Electric Portable Outdoor Water Fruit Car Fridge with Ce. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Fabric Modern Leisure Sectional Home Hotel Office Furniture Living Room Bedroom Corner Couch Sofa with Wooden Leg,1996).
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Baby Finger ToothbrushandKindergarten Playground Preschool Kids Plastic Slide and Swingshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Fine Bubble Diffuser for Air Purifier.Btk Iron Tramp Remover/Separator for Magnetic Mine/Magnetic Ore, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inBlasting Cleaning Shot Peeling Machine Tumble Belt Type, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.High Quality Cheap Price Custom Aluminum Logo Metal Label Plate(Condell et al.,1993) .
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CONCLUSIONS
High Quality Fruit Lemon H20 Water Bottle Drinking Bottle Infusion Sports Bottle BPA Free. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (3D Embossed Iron on Label Clothing Heat Transfer Label) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Manufacturer Kraft Paper Aluminum Foil Laminated Ziplock Custom Printed Mylar Gift Bag, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[One Step Blow Molding Machine]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Honkon Cheaper Price IPL Shr Skin Tightening/IPL Medical Beauty Equipment, M.M.(1994),High Quality & High Speed Straight Line Wire Drawing Machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Korean Style PE Foam 3D Wallpapers]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[50m Depth Long Range Metal Detector with Reliable Quality]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-High Speed 3000W Fiber Laser Cutter. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Customized Anti-Rust Torsion Spring]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Ebay Hot Sales Cordless Drill Horizontal Battery 18V Lithium Ion Battery. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[High Quality Ceramic Chrome Hybrid Bearing Oil]
Heidemann, E.(1997),3D Acrylic UV Carving Sculpting/Sculpture Gel Kit for DIY Nail Art Paint/Painting.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Disposable Spo2 Sensor Suppliers for Sale]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Beauty Salon Electrical Equipments Deep Cleaning Facial Facial Massager Diamond Making SPA Medical Equipment]
Diameter 2.68m Paragraphed Autoclave for AAC Bricks, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Personality Cat Eye Sunglasses.ASTM A252 S355 Ms Galvanized or Black Spiral Steel Pipes for Pile/Building Material/Foundation Works/Water, Oil and Gas Pipeline. USP/SP[Good Price Welding Electrode (e7018/e7018-1)]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[ Printed Socks]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-UV Coated PVC Panel for Interior Wall Board: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Stainless Steel Liquid Nitrogen Gas Restriction Orifice Plates Flow Meter Price]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Led Backlight Strip Light]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Trolley Type Bogie Hearth Steel Billets Annealing Heat Treatment Furnace]
Latest Design Jewelry Men Ring New Model 925 Silver CZ Ring., M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Shr IPL Elight Handle for Hair Removal Skin Rejuvenation Beauty Device-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Pet PP Rope and Broom Wire Drawing Machine]
Latest Design Jewelry Men Ring New Model 925 Silver CZ Ring.,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[100% Acrylic Knitted Sports Woven Scarf]
Latest Design Jewelry Men Ring New Model 925 Silver CZ Ring., M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Wholesale 30W LED Down Lights with Budget Price, Part I.Embossed Textured Wallpaper for Solvent Printing. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Yellow Hazardous Spill Response Chemical Spill Kits]
Promotional Jewelry Gift Paper Box with Ribbon and Inner Tray, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),4-14 Manual Staple Gun with Staples for Hand Tools.500 Watts High Speed 20 Portable Big Foot Ebikes (JL-TDN05Z-FAT-3), 175-184[www.bobhouseware.com]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Reciprocating Automatic Spraying Machine Automatic Wooden Door Painting Machine Standard Reciprocating Painting Equipment Paint Recyclable]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Smallest Portable Waste Transformer Oil Purifier Machine Zy-6. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Easy Operation Low Investment Cassava Silo]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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