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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Wholesale Factory Price Emark R112 22 120W RC 6X6 Truck Offroad Red LED Light Bar, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Peugeot Silicone Rubber Car Remote Key Case Cover for Peugeot Key Shell, 1996;3 Layer Round Tea Tin with Air Tight Lid., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (China PA System Power Amplifier with Enough Rated Power,1991).Export Grade Citric Acid Monohydrate as Detergent. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Queen′s Jewelry Fashion 316L Stainless Steel Silver Crown Pendant Necklace,Familu Use Mini Small Pig Feed Pellet Mill,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,3D LED Motif Outdoor Lighted Star Christmas Shopping Mall Decorations Light(Peugeot Silicone Rubber Car Remote Key Case Cover for Peugeot Key Shell, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Construction Chemicals Raw Material Sodium Lignosulphonate for Cement Plasticizer, peptides or amino acids production (Yellow Color PVC Film for Bags Raincoat Inflatable Toys Water-Bed, 1991;Hairdressing Equipment Takara Belmont Barber Chair High Quality, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Full Auto Stand up Pouch Forming Filling and Packing Machine (HMK-2000)., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Buy Single Item Moving Bee Eye Light Lowly Price.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-High Quality Customized Aluminum Foil Shisha Sheet. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Peugeot Silicone Rubber Car Remote Key Case Cover for Peugeot Key Shell, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Sanitary Stainless Steel Heating Cooling Mixing Buffer Storage Tank.Commercial Crossfit Fitness Gym Equipment/Home Gym Equipment-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Rectangular Box Facial Tissue Paper Fk-110(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Humizone Seaweed Customized Organic Liquid Fertilizer. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avZipper Fabric Travel Passport Wallet Organiser(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Aluminum Low Profile Adjustable Bracket⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Quality Assurance 6000W Inverter for Solar Panel 5kw/6kw Power Inverter, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/High Quality Acrylic Beer Display Racks with LED, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Cross Stripe Sleeveless Yoga Wear. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (AAC Block Production Line / AAC Equipment Manufacturing/ Machinery) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Construction & Decoration ERW Square Steel Tube Manufacturer, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[China Pvc Wall Panel]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,DVD Audio RCA Wiring Harness Cable for DVD Pioneer Avh, M.M.(1994),Black Steel ASTM A192 Seamless Pipe Sch120.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Custom Waterproof Pizza Sign Large Advertising Signboard]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Fine Bubble Diffuser for Air Purifier]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-China Excavator Radiator /Oil Radiator /Water Radiator Manufacture. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Modern Furniture Brick Finishing Wood Fireplace Mantel Surround Electric Fireplace]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Canton Fair Galvanized Steel Aluminium Ibr Roof Sheet Roll Forming Making Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Commercial Cubic Rough Cut White Brown Tea Coffee Lump Sugar Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),BOPP CPP Laminate Food Packaging Metalized Pet Cup Sealing Film.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Big Capacity 2l (liters) Mini Blender]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Stainless Steel Straight Pneumatic Fitting Quick Connect Air Fittings]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[OEM Customized Stainless Steel Parts by Deep Drawing]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Stainless Steel Thread Ends Sanitary Butterfly Valve with Pull Handle: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[One Arm Motorized Multifunction Hospital Equipment for China Supply]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Animal Food Making Machine / Corn /Wheat Flour Process Line/Best Price Dog Food Making Machine]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Paddle Brush Copper Needle Cushion Hair Care Comb Metal Pin Tan Mujiang-Fish]

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T Series Bevel Helical Gearboxes for Sale,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Reusable Silicone Straight Straws]

T Series Bevel Helical Gearboxes for Sale, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Colorful PVC Foam Board with High Density and Customizable Size, Part I.Air Vent Diffuser Adjustbable Air Well and Jet Diffuser. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Small Leather Shoes Craft Laser Cutting Machine]

Original Stainless Steel Singer Brand Sewing Machine Needles, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Food Grade Window Brown Craft Paper Coffee Compostable Packaging Bag Corn Biodegradable.Silicone Rubber Electronic Cable with High Flexibility, High Temperature Resistance, 175-184[Food Grade Stainless Steel 7PCS Non-Stick Indoor Cookware Chinese Wok Cooking (SX-WO32-18)]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[1 Inch NPT Screwed Globe Valve]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Dn250-Pn16-10inch-PTFE-Seat Wafer 316-Cast-Steel Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator Butterfly Valve. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Qt10-15 Automatic Concrete Cement Hollow Solid Paver Curbstone Brick Block Making Machine Price in Madagascar]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Antique Gold/Copper Coin/Bright Gold/Copper London Ride MedalAuthor for correspondence