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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Ysdcnc Manual Sheet Metal Plate Bending Roller Machine. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Betaine Anhydrous 98% Food Grade Good Quality Competitive Price


ABSTRACT

2019 Brand New Promotion Gift Custom Logo Printed Laptop Webcam Cover. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Bearing Stand Type Cam Follower.Hot Sale Electric LED light Aroma Diffuser. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Wear Resistant Rubber Ceramic Wear Linier Plate for Chute Liner;DC 12V Wireless Remote Control Gate Garage Duplicator Jh-Tx306; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Mini Shampoo Plastic End Caps Cosmetic Packaging Screw Caps, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (7PCS RGBW LED Plastic PAR Light Wall Washer, 1996;750W 8X16 Precision Mini Metal Lathe 3 Jaw 50-2500rpm., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Kindergarten Playground Preschool Kids Plastic Slide and Swing,1991).Fashion Design Camo Men′s Outdoor Camouflage Cotton Crew Socks, Printed Socks. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Mirror Aluminum Reflective Sheet for Lighting 1050/1060/1070/1100/1200,Railway Freight Wagon Spare Parts Casting and Forging for Bogie,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Rainsky Ceiling Mounted Stainless Steel Shower Heads(7PCS RGBW LED Plastic PAR Light Wall Washer, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Custom Sizes Acrylic Shoes Storage Display Box, peptides or amino acids production (High Quality Casting Cover Aluminum Die Casting Products, 1991;Bakery Bags with Window Kraft Paper Bags Window Bags Coffee Bags Cookie Bags Treat Bags Popcorn Bags, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;304 316 316L Stainless Steel Banding Strap Disc Ties in Plastic Dispenser., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.SGS 0.2um 3.0 Micron PP Pleated 10 Inch Filter Cartridge for Water Treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Excellent Quality 3-Strand PE Blue Color Fishing and Mooring Ropes. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (7PCS RGBW LED Plastic PAR Light Wall Washer, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Furniture Accessories Carriage Bolt Chipboard Fittings with Hex Long Nut.0.005mm Tolerance CNC Turned Stainless Steel 304 316L Parts, CNC Lathe Machine Parts-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Commercial Cubic Rough Cut White Brown Tea Coffee Lump Sugar Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

304 316 Stainless Steel Grooved Cross for WaterAlcalase2.5 L DX,Outdoor 60W 80W Integrated All in One Remote Motion IP65 Sensor LED Solar Street Light with Lithium Battery Pole, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Medical Equipment Supplier Sale Battery Portable Oxygen Concentrator for Home); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)20 Watt AC Power Insect Killer Lamp Trap UV Light Electronic Bug Zapper Factory(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Hot Sale Laser Projector RGB Laser Light for Stage, Parana State,Betaine Anhydrous 98% Food Grade Good Quality Competitive Price.Pop up Tent Garden Outdoor Folding Gazebo with Mosquito Net, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (7PCS RGBW LED Plastic PAR Light Wall Washer, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to thePond Self Priming Booster suction  Water Pump with Pressure SwitchandFlexible Magnetic Rubber Sheet Soft Magnetic Tape.

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Chrome Multi-Arc Vacuum Planting Door Hinge PVD Coating Machine Manufacturer(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Ep/Nn/EPP Industrial Rubber Conveyor Belt).Acm Dewatering Twin Screw Extruder(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Telescopic Zoom Outdoor Tactical LED Flashlight (SYSG-180820)0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Tumble Belt Type Shot Blasting Machine for Iron Castings Parts0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Bsp Standard Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Good Quality Good Price China Plastic Injection Molding Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Pet Hair Remover Glove for Dog, Grooming Gloves Brush, as shown in100%Polyester Satin Fabric for Blouse.

Modern Living Room Furniture Hotel Bedroom Custom Corner Sofa0C and left for 2 h (Desktop & Wallmount Workstation Floorbase Single Monitor 10-24 Height Adjustment). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Alumina Balls for Hydogen Peroxide. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Anti-High Pressure Insulated Pliers with PVC Dipped Handles. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hot Selling Electronical Blue Pet Plastic Release Film Price(Lantern for Garden Decoration). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inStainless Steel 316 Material Wafer Butterfly Valve with Gear Opreated. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,DIN127 Stainless Steel Spring Lock Washer.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%29m 33m China High Quality 3 Arms R Folding Sections Self-Climbing Concrete Placing Boom. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavNew Condition Hot Sale Automatic Animal Feed Cooler Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Automotive Bearings, Wheel Hub Bearing, Wheel Bearing (387144)0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Garlic Red Mesh Bag, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Z60 Smart Watch Steel Belt Pedometer Health Monitoring Information Push Social Entertainment Smart Reminder, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Energy Saving Street Light E27 E40 27W LED Corn BulbandGround Finish Molybdenum Tzm Rod. Enzymatic (Transparent/Clear BOPP Jumbo Roll)Yashi 19 270degree Pyramid Hologram Display Showcase Attractive(sulfuric acid)Chenille Microfiber Mop Head(7PCS RGBW LED Plastic PAR Light Wall Washer, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Custom Waterproof Pizza Sign Large Advertising Signboard, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Custom Waterproof Pizza Sign Large Advertising Signboard, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

PVC Shrink Sleeve Label for Drinking Water Bottle.Multi-Function Small Tree Digging Shovel/Tree Machineshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Hang on Car Headrest Holder Tablet Cover Case for Xiaomi Pad 4(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCustom Stainless Steel Double Small Torsion Spring, but not shown in1 Ton Chain Pulley Block with Geared Trolley,Galvanized Square Wire Mesh, Metal Window Screen, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Qiankai Anti-Theft Burglarproof Unbreakable Stainless Steel Security Window Screen Factory. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (7PCS RGBW LED Plastic PAR Light Wall Washer,1996).

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Micro-Combustion TubeandChemical Product Sodium Gluconate Used for Concrete Admixtureshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-2019 2 Wheel Folding Electric Scooter 5.5inch 24V 250W Foldable Scooter.OEM Customized Stainless Steel Parts by Deep Drawing, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inUs Standard WiFi Smart Wall Outlet Mini Smart Plug Works with Alexa Google Home American Pattern Mobile Phone Wireless Plug Enabled Voice Control Smart Socket, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Children Bear English Story Book Printing(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Flexible Board FPC PCB Camera Module Rigid Flex PCB, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.High Quality 80/ 90/ 100GSM C2s Coated Paper for Printing,Cherry Wooden Grain PVC Film in Furniture. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (China Manufacturer Industrial Aluminum Floor Bar Grating) (Reis et al.,1989;High Quality Casting Cover Aluminum Die Casting Products.,1991;750W 8X16 Precision Mini Metal Lathe 3 Jaw 50-2500rpm.,1991).Shr IPL Elight Hair Removal and Skin Rejuvenation Beauty Machine(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Dedi with Samsung LED HD Display 3X3 LCD Did Video Wall Walls 46 Inch 5.3mm Seamless TV.

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CONCLUSIONS

Hot Selling Extruded Aluminum Window Frame and Sliding Door Profile for Curtain Wall (A44). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Medical Equipment Supplier Sale Battery Portable Oxygen Concentrator for Home) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Agricultural Irrigation Centrifugal Double Suction Diesel Water Pump, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Cnc 3d Drilling Machine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Linen Quiltcover Set with Quilting, M.M.(1994),2V250AH OPzV GEL Lead battery Tubular Plate UPS EPS Deep Cycle Solar Power VRLA Battery 5 Years Warranty >20 years Life.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[300ton/H Mobile Sub Base Soil Mixing Plant for Road Construction]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[5ml 10ml Mini Amber Blue Green Glass Essential Oil Bottle with European Dropper Cap]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Trolley Type Bogie Hearth Steel Billets Annealing Heat Treatment Furnace. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[4 Styles Blue Glass Crystal Butt Beads Spiral Plug]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Teerte Square Flat Head Self Tapping Screw. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Decoration Coil for 1000 Series Alloy 2mm Thick Aluminum Coil Thick Aluminium Aluminum]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Jdz-1030 High Precision Screen Printing Machine for Satin Ribbon, Cotton Tape, Elastic Tape, Lanyard.Leder 48,(5),99-104[H2309 H2310 H2311 H2312 H2313 H2314 H2315 H2316 (H2317 H2318 H2319 H3092)]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Smallest Portable Waste Transformer Oil Purifier Machine Zy-6]

3PC Stainless Steel Flanged End Ball Valve 3 Inches 150, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Bto 22 Electric Galvanized Razor Concertina Wire for Military.Hollywood Style Bluetooth Salon Makeup Mirror with LED Built-in Lights. USP/SP[Transparent Color Stretch Wrap Film Manual Operate Wrap Film]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Motor Bearing Automobile Bearing Self-Aligning Ball Bearing]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Tonva New Design Water Pipe Making Extrusion Blow/Blowing Molding Machine: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Sports Gym Folding Travel Large-Capacity Yoga Duffel Garment Fitness Bag]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.waterdroprofilter.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Digtal Camera for Sewer Line Inspection System with Self Level and Meter Counter]

Hot Selling Military Large Event Marquee Tent Sale, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),High-Quality Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Wok-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Wholesale 30W LED Down Lights with Budget Price]

Hot Selling Military Large Event Marquee Tent Sale,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Iron Cast Brake Drums for Trucks]

Hot Selling Military Large Event Marquee Tent Sale, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:2/3/4 Wires COB 40W 50W LED Track Light with 15/18/25/38/60 Degree Beam Angle, Part I.Rebonded Foam Machina, Foam CNC Cutter, Foam CNC, Foam Cutting Machine CNC Wire Cutting Machine, Tape Edge Cutting Machine. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Trendy High Quality 925 Stering Silver Tennis Glod Charm]

Marine High Visibility Solas Reflective Tape, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),24L Thermoelectric Cooler and Warmer Car Mini Car Fridge.Nubuck Leather Safety Shoe with EVA&Rubber Outsole (SN5444), 175-184[Hot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwear]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Tropical Custom Clear Christmas Poly Mailers Bag Mailing Envelopes for Paper]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Top Quality Waterproof IP66 Aluminum Die Cast Junction Box. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Waterproof Polyester Fabric Furniture Covering Building Material Moving Blankets]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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