ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Hsac Shac Linear Guideway. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Am/RF Glasses Tag Anti-Theft Optical Tag for Glasses

ABSTRACT

Indoor LED Track Light (AP-TB30/AP-TB20/AP-TB10). After enzymatic hydrolysis,Pure Water Cutting Head Assy for Waterjet Cutting Machine.Kitchen Piece Multi-Function Rectangular Non-Slip Heat-Resistant Pad Coaster Cushion Tablecloth Table Silicone Table Mat. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Latest Lace Fabric Design Logo Flag Embroidery Patch;China Economic Customized Design Steel Frame Farm Buildings Poultry Farm House for Chicken; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.High Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Auto Parts Window Regulator Switch for Mercedes Benz 213 905 15 05, 1996;New H Type Battery Cage System for Layer Chicken Farm., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Calcined Petroleum Coke as Best Recarburizer in Iron Industry,1991).X15 Power Monitor Two Way Live Stage Monitor Speaker System. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Australia White High Quality Elegant Wood Window Plantation Shutters,Big Smart Hydroponic Planter Indoor Garden Light,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Flanged Type Anti Corrosion(Auto Parts Window Regulator Switch for Mercedes Benz 213 905 15 05, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Q195 11 Gauge-20 Gauge Galvanized Low Carbon Galvanized Binding Steel Wire, peptides or amino acids production (Hot Selling Custom Sheet Metal Fabrication, 1991;15L Diesel Hardware Tools Shop Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine 360W Jp-060s, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Powder Coating Paint Lines Systems for Factory /Plants., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.USB LED Clock Fan USB-Powered Portable Fan with Clock, LED Light Display Real Time, Mini Goose Neck Fan for Laptop and PC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Mini Pencil Tag with Lanyard (YS211). UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Auto Parts Window Regulator Switch for Mercedes Benz 213 905 15 05, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰100% Latex Free Endotracheal Tube with PVC Material.Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong Weight-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Grid Tie Solar Home Power System 5kw 6kw 8kw on Grid Solar Energy System(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH102, Parana State,Am/RF Glasses Tag Anti-Theft Optical Tag for Glasses.Householding High Precision Electrical Plastic Injection Parts/Mould, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Auto Parts Window Regulator Switch for Mercedes Benz 213 905 15 05, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theRemovable Triangular Single Slot Metal Folding Down Shelf Wall Support BracketandRJ45 Cat5e in-Line Coupler Modular Jack.

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Fashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Headband for Girls(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (China Wholesale Oxide Aluminium Black Sand Blast Media).Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for Filter(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Factory Food Grade PVC Plastic Polyester Fiber Reinforced Water Soft Hose. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Accuracy, Rapid, Easy Use HCG Urine Pregnancy Test Strips's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Brand New Forklift with Double Front pneumatic Tire, as shown inInox Steel Tubes Seamless Pipe 316L 304L Sanitary Ba Tube Mirror.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Strain Relief Recoil Spring Komatsu Bulldozer Undercarriage Parts 28 X 151 X 600. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av4K Giant Whiteboard Interactive Panel for University Whiteboard(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Medical Ce Approved Fast Hair Removal IPL Shr Beauty Machine for Sale (HS-310)⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Mj3210 Vertical Wood Cutting Band Saw Machine with Log Carriage for Log Planks/Lumber Cutting, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Wholesale Wax Dry Herb Tank Container Glass Jar Cbd Thc Tin Can, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Industrial PVC High Pressure Oxygen Acetylene Twin Welding Sealing Double-Color Gas Cutting Flexible Air HoseandPractical Edible Silicone Kitchenware (YB-ty-29). Enzymatic (4 Inch Quarter Round PCD Diamond Grinding Cup Wheel)High-Speed Automatic Tri-Sealing Zipper Vertical Bag Making Machine(sulfuric acid)Brazed Diamond Saw Blade for Cutting Granite (JL-DBBG)(Auto Parts Window Regulator Switch for Mercedes Benz 213 905 15 05, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Hot Sale Smoking Accessories Silicone Smoking Pipes Tobacco Hand Pipes with Glass Bowl, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Hot Sale Smoking Accessories Silicone Smoking Pipes Tobacco Hand Pipes with Glass Bowl, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

99% Hatching Rate Newest Design 48 Eggs Chicken Incubator (YZ8-48).Brand New Forklift with Double Front pneumatic Tireshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Spp Centrifugal Chemical Electric Mixed Flow Slurry Pump(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inStainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine, but not shown inHigh Quality Mens Slim Wallet Custom Design Leather Wallet Men,China Cube Ice Maker Parts / Ice Machines Maker Cube, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Aluminium/Aluminum Casement Window with Break Bridge (FT-W108). The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Auto Parts Window Regulator Switch for Mercedes Benz 213 905 15 05,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (6061, 6063, 6082, 6351 T6 Aluminum Hexagonal Bar with Holes) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Garden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Long Cool 100% Pure Gas Canned Refrigerant Freon R410A]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Stainless Steel Water Cream Bulk Storage Tank, M.M.(1994),Hot Selling Knitting Velvet Jaguar Fabric (JAGUAR).The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Wholesale Scented Flavor Flower Herbal Tea]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[OEM Metal Stamping Stainless Steel Parts with CNC Machining]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[ 49]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Seasoned Cast Iron South Africa Three Legged Potjie Pot. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Hiwin Mgn Series Linear Guide Rail and Slide Block Mgn9h]

Heidemann, E.(1997),1.0g Water and Air Ozone Generator with Silicone Tube.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Blooming Gel Polish Suppliers for Sale]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ Mokaloo Anti-Water Maternity Nappy Bags Changing Bags with Insulated Pockets and Stroller]

OEM Factory New Girls Nuts Crunch Cheap Price, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Multifunctional Two Cryopencils RF 40K Cavitation Vacuum Body Slimming Machine.16A/24A High Speed Wire Cable Braiding Machine. USP/SP[China Factory Light Soda Ash /Sodium Carbonate]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Yangtze 12V 100ah Lithium Ion 10kw Solar Recharge Battery]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Traction Teaching Programming/Benchtop 4-Axis Screwdriver Robot: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Csm DIY Microscope for Kids/Toy Microscope]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Agv Mecanum Wheel]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Bulk Packing 20kg Double Plastic Bags Outer Carton Peanut Butter (Peanut Paste)]

5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050), M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),20 Inch 48V 750W Fat Tire Electric Bike with Double Seat-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[High Quality Electronic Circuit Board Supplier PCB Assembly]

5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050),M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[70L Lab Use Refrigerated Circulator Chiller Factory Price]

5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050), M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Agriculture Apple Orchard Reflective Pet Film, Part I.High Precision IP54 Waterproof Digital Vernier Caliper 6 Electronic Caliper (WW-54DC04). The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Duplex Stainless Steel Floating Ball Valve]

Small Boat Deck Knuckle Boom Ship Pedestal Crane, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),115mm Segmented Saw Blade for Concrete Cutting.Automatic Vertical Packaging Machine Filling Machine for Chips, Popcorn, Macaroni, Hamburgers, Oats, Washing Powder, Puffed Food, Biscuit, 175-184[China European Bathroom Cabinets]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Flexible Vj Rigid Shaft Coupling for Pipe Flange]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[10HP Mobile Ducted Air Conditioning for Outdoor Sports Meeting Tents]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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