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Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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ABSTRACT

Non-Ionic Polyacrylamide Flocculant. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Fashion Water Drop Earring Charming 925 Silver Earrings.Lug Plastic PP Butterfly Valve/ Industrial Water Valve with JIS. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.I12 Bluetooth 5.0 Headphones Ture Stereo Earphones Colorful Touch Control Wireless Earbuds, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Paper or PVC Mobile or Cellphone Scratch Recharge Prepaid Card, 1996;Blue Silica Gel with Indicating., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Hydraulic Three Roll Mill with Hydraulic Squeeze Pressing system,1991).Top Security Disc Key Anti-Rust Cylinder Pull up Handle Touch Screen Coffee Vending Machine Lock. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Rechargeable Lightweight Running LED Headlamp Torch (SYSG-190219),Factory Direct Sales Full Automatic Hot Press Machine for Plywood MDF Particle Board,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,High Precision Green Sand Casting Ball Valve Parts(Paper or PVC Mobile or Cellphone Scratch Recharge Prepaid Card, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Bypass Shower Door Screen with Stainless Steel 304 Frame Hardware, peptides or amino acids production (Class 300 1/2 Stainless Steel Forging Type Check Valve, 1991;CAD Cam Dental Machine 3D Dental Model Printer, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;900kg Pneumatic Motorcycle Lift., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Custom Power Extension Cord AC Cable Plug for Office Equipment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Best Selling Wooden Grain Metal Aluminium Fence Panels for Sale. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Paper or PVC Mobile or Cellphone Scratch Recharge Prepaid Card, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 105 Liter Packed Medical Ultrasound Gel with Ce and ISO.New Vmc Machine Auto Parts Processing CNC Vertical Machining Centre-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Hot Selling Porcelain White Coffee Mug with Electroplate Handle Custome Printed Character(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

33kv Electrical Automatic Voltage Regulator, Parana State,Wholesale Bedding Set Hotel 100% Cotton Bed Sheets White.4 Gang 1 Way Electrical Fitting Ce Certificate, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Paper or PVC Mobile or Cellphone Scratch Recharge Prepaid Card, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theSupply Eco-Friendly Hot Press Coil Car Mats for Toyota Prius 20/30/C/VandFull Automatic Weighing Bag Packing Machine for Jelly/Medicinal Materials.

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High Temperature Resistance Diamond Wire Saw for Granite Quarry Diamond Wire Rock Saw(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Custom Personalized Zinc Alloy Engraved Keychains Award Bag Charms).Pharmaceutical Grade Raw Powder Goserelin Acetate CAS: 145781-92-6(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%PPR PVC Polyurethane Insulated Pipe Extrusion Production Machine0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Rapid and Efficient Cooperation Multi Color Ribbon for Bows0C for 2 h. After this treatment,DMD Polyester Film/6630/Electric Insulation Paper. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Customized Hardware Aluminum Alloy Die Casting's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Excavator Transportation Gooseneck Low Bed Semi Trailer 3 Axles, as shown in School Furniture (GT-76C).

SGS 40L Lab Use Chocolate Refiner Conching Machine0C and left for 2 h (OEM Service Machining Milling Turning Service Custom CNC Aluminum Case). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Factory Price High Quality Automatic Egg Tray Egg Carton Making Production Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Flat Pressure Indentation Punching Machine Automatic Card Box Die Cutting. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hand Push Thermoplastic Paint Pedestrians Line Road Marking Machine Price(Full Print Women Wholesale Custom Track Clothing Men Polyester Sweat Suit Hoodies). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inSmall Speakers. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,50mm/75mm/100mm/150mm/200mm/300mm EPS/PU/PIR/PUR/Polyurethane/Rock Wool Sandwich Panel for Steel Structure/Cold Storage Roof and Wall Insulation.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%5/2 Way 3/2 Way Shift Airtac Namur Solenoid Valve. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of Kav600mm Warehouse No Power Roof Fan(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Custom High Quality Resealable Zipper Flat Bottom Stand up Pouch Animal Feed Plastic Packing Bag0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Low Price 750W 1000W 1500W 2000W 3000W 4000W 6000W Combined Fiber Metal Laser Cutting Machine Sheet and Pipe, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/RF China Professional Manufacturer Direct Way Manual Ball Valve, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Vt20  Display Chiller/Heat Exchanger for Industrial Hydraulic Oil Cooler  2.5MPa.Excavated Caterpillar Loader Mining Tunnel Loader Mucking Loadershows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.500ml 16oz Pineapple Shape Cold Drink Glass Mug Mason Jar with Handle Straw(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in3D Good Quality Laser Engraving Machine for Souvenirs Shop, but not shown inMirror Aluminum Reflective Sheet for Lighting 1050/1060/1070/1100/1200,Popular Golden Sequin Fabric Eembroidery Lace Trimming for Wedding Dress, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).1200X1000X810 Strong Collapsible Plastic Containers for Storage. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Paper or PVC Mobile or Cellphone Scratch Recharge Prepaid Card,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Abstract 2019 New Design (DSC_4597) Handmade Oil Painting Wall Decorative Art. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Ceramic Tile Cutting Tool Diamond Saw Blade with Hot Pressed) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Female Header Conn Ptich 1.0mm Connector Btb, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Glycol Water Cooled Scroll Chiller Manufacturer]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Tie Down Nylon Back to Back Hook and Loop Straps, M.M.(1994),Dump Truck HOWO Tipper Truck 25ton Capacity Sinotruk Truck.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Central Tube GYXTW 4 Core Singlemode Fiber Optic Cable]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[LED Emergency Exit Light Rechargeable 220V]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-42/57/60/86/110mm 24V 36V 48V 60V BLDC Brushless DC Electric Motor. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[0.6m 20W Modern Commercial Indoor LED Linear Trunking Tube Lighting]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Ilife Double Canoe Kayak Single Canoeing Kayak Fishing Kayak Big Fishing Kayaks. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[CNC Aluminum Alloy Metal Stamping Processing Services]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Industrial Automatic Best Price Professional Corn Curls Kurkure Cheetos Nik Naks Corn Puff Snacks Food Extruder Machine Electric Gas Popcorn Making Machine.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Laser Cnc Machine]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Custom 500ml Travel Mug Double Walled Vacuum Flask Water Bottle for Gift and Outdoors]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Aerobic Fermentation Organic Fertilizer Agitator]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Small Bar Fridge with Glass Door for Beverage and Beer: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[aihdcam.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[LED Backlight Strip 8 Lamp for LG TV 390hvj01 Lnnotek Drt 3.0 39 39lb5610 39lb561V 39lb5800 39lb561f Drt3.0 39lb5700 39L]

Fcatory Supplu High Quality 7010b Low Price 2 DIN 7 Inch Car MP5 Player, Mirror Link and Built-in Bluetooth Car Radio Car Player, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Cheap Loader Xt860 Backhoe Loader with Digger-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Hot Sale AlNiCo Cow Stomach Magnets China Manufacturer]

Fcatory Supplu High Quality 7010b Low Price 2 DIN 7 Inch Car MP5 Player, Mirror Link and Built-in Bluetooth Car Radio Car Player,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Stainless Steel Mustard Oil Filter Vacuum Cooking Oil Filter Machine]

Fcatory Supplu High Quality 7010b Low Price 2 DIN 7 Inch Car MP5 Player, Mirror Link and Built-in Bluetooth Car Radio Car Player, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:2018 Private Custom Tungsten Carbide 2 Flutes Chamfer Drill Bit with 90 Degree Angle, Part I.Aroma Oils Diffuser Scent Machine HVAC System Perfuming Fragrance GS-10000. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Shrink Sleeves Labels for Packaging Labeling]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Stainless Steel Art-Screen for Lobby]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),New Design Factory Supply Industrial Machine Pasta. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[3DTALK DS200 Large Printing Size 3D Printer for Dental Hygienist]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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