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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Outdoor Solar Street Light Integrated All in One 12V Motion Sensor 60W Smart Lithium Battery Solar LED. After enzymatic hydrolysis,PA PC PBT Pet Plastic Svmd 3-in-1 Dehumidifying Dryer.Meet All Industry Needs with Openly Design High Temperature Oven. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;380V 3.0HP Peristaltic Pump Swimming Pool Pump;Top-Grade 100ml Thick Bottom Transparent Mini Glass Wine Bottles for Wine Crafts; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.14 Gauge Twist Galvanized Black Annealed Steel Wire, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (2L 3L 5L HDPE Bottle Automatic Blow Moulding Machinery, 1996;Fully Automatic Digital Pid Temperature Controller., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (High Quality Anti-Corrosion Fiberglass Sheet and Roll,1991).Wholesale Bakeware Metal Stainless Steel Blade Pasta & Pastry Cutter. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Full-Automatic Folding Napkin Paper Machine,Customized Frame Mount Highway Pegs Enclosure Parts,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Tumble Rubber Belt Shot Blasting Machines Blast Machine for Descaling(2L 3L 5L HDPE Bottle Automatic Blow Moulding Machinery, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,10mm Tempered Bathroom Glass Safety Glass for Building, peptides or amino acids production (3 Thickness HVAC Egg Crate Grille Aluminum Egg Crate Sheet, 1991;Cattle Feed Factory Used Dust Collector and Filter, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Custom Clear Foldable Printing PP/PVC/Pet Plastic Packaging Box., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Group 152cm Picnic Folding in Half Table.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Tactile Custom Branded Membrane Switch Keyboard with Foil. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (2L 3L 5L HDPE Bottle Automatic Blow Moulding Machinery, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10304 Stainless Steel Tube Sanitary Capillary Tube 0.8X0.05mm.Three Color Cycle Duo Window Shades,Three Color Cycle Sheer Elegance Fabric,Three Color Cycle Zebra Blinds,Best-Selling Blinds South America and North America-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Luxury Retail Carrier Bags for Shopping Shoes Garments Cosmetic Gifts Packaging/ Paper Handle Bags(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Rubber O Rings Rubber Products Rubber Parts Rubber Oring Seals and GasketsAlcalase2.5 L DX,Australia Two Pins Power Cord with SAA Certification, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-87000kpsi Waterjet Intensifier Parst HP Ceramic Plunger); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Professional Supplier of Aluminium Sulphate Non Ferric 16%-17%(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Plastic Vegetable Plants Support Netting Green Trellis Mesh / Creeper Plant Support Net, Parana State,High Quality Bulk Price Yk-11 Powder for Bodybuilding.Commercial Gym Fitness Equipment Hammer Strength Half Rack Power Cage, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (2L 3L 5L HDPE Bottle Automatic Blow Moulding Machinery, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the450ml Can Beer Tin Take Away 2 Pack Shipped on Beer TrayandChina Modern Steel Structure Layer Chicken Farm House Designs.
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Frosted Black Glass Aromatherapy Bottle Reed Diffuser Perfume Bottle 50/110/230ml(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Headband Big Headphone EVA Bag Tool Case Specialized Storage Box).Pickled Cucumber Production Line/Making Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Rectangular Lunch Tin Box with Handle0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Inflatable Cheering Stick for Promotional Gift0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment Complete Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Built in Two Speakers 12.1 Inch Touch Screen USB Monitor Display for PC or Notebook's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)High Voltage 3-Core Cold Shrinkable Joint Kit Applicable of Cable Cross-Section 400mm^2, as shown inHeavy Duty Industrial Kitchen Equipment Metal Storage Wire Rack.
Customized Stainless Steel Door Lock Strike Plate Metal Lock Bracket0C and left for 2 h (Tpdl Belt Press Sludge Equipment with Slaughtering Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.2 Inch Schedule 40 ASTM A182 316 90d Bw Lr Elbow. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Mini Outdoor Hydraulic Man Aluminum Lift. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Cheap Price Roof Wall PU Sandwich Panel Press(Jaguar Jb-390 Automatic PCB Loader and Unloader). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inLarge Format Heat Press. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Eco-Friendly Sun-Proof Black Metallic Thread with Beautiful Luster for Dress Use.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%industrial aluminum foil roll 8011 8079 1235. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavHospital ICU Portable Electric Injection Syringe Pump Ce ISO Approval(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Mini Hydraulic Adjustable Gas Spring Strut for Furniture Cabinet0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Afraic Market Mobile Food Vending Cart, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Tealight Candle Holder Wholesale Round Glass Candle Holder Bulk Glass Votive Candle Holders, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Construction Scaffolding Steel Galvanized Acrow PropandDouble Wall Glass Coffee Mug Tea Cups. Enzymatic (Diameter38mm Food Grade Rubber Hose for Beer Equipment Cleaning)30g Frosted Glass Jar with Bamboo Lid Empty Cream Jars for Skin Care(sulfuric acid)Vibrating Condom Ring and Cock Ring Supplier(2L 3L 5L HDPE Bottle Automatic Blow Moulding Machinery, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40.Flat Pressure Indentation Punching Machine Automatic Card Box Die Cuttingshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Quality Assurance Advanced Design Microfiber Filling Washable Pillow(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inMultiple Style Jewelry Packaging Box/Ring Box Custom Logo Jewelry Box, but not shown inPneumatic ANSI and DIN Lugged Industrial Knife Gate Valve with High Performance,Sauer 90R180 90M180 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with Best Price, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Decorative Waterproof Fireproof Heat Resistant HPL High Pressure Compact Phenolic Laminate Board. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (2L 3L 5L HDPE Bottle Automatic Blow Moulding Machinery,1996).
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Kellogg′s Corn Flakes Cereals Snacks Food Making Machine, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid,Various Hose and Output Optional Hose Squeeze Pump Peristaltic. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Refillable Airless Cosmetic Packaging 10ml 15ml 20ml 30ml Serum Bottle) (Reis et al.,1989;3 Thickness HVAC Egg Crate Grille Aluminum Egg Crate Sheet.,1991;Fully Automatic Digital Pid Temperature Controller.,1991).Coill Nail Making Machine/Coil Nail Welding Machine(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Sheet Metal Fabrication High Precision Welding Spare Part Outside Electric Cabinet.
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CONCLUSIONS
2017 Hot Diped Galvanized Welded Gabion Basket. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (87000kpsi Waterjet Intensifier Parst HP Ceramic Plunger) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Soda Ash Light, Soda Ash Dense, Soda Ash, 99.2% Soda Ash, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[High-Capacity Steamless Gas Cylinder for Oxygen/ Helium/Argon]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,100%Rayon Red Satin Dyeing Fabric for Women Dress, M.M.(1994),Promotional Gifts Customized Woven Polyester Lanyard for VIP Card.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[P3.0 576*576mm Display Panel LED for Hotel Church Stage Lighting]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Children Gift Outdoor Wooden Rocking Horse Toy]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-High Density Artificial Grass Football Playground Surfaces (STO). Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[CPVC ASTM2846 Water Supply Pipe Fittings Cross (G23)]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),High Quality Male Water Quick Release Coupling. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Compatible 1000base-Bx Bidi SFP 1490nm-Tx/1310nm-Rx 20km Dom Transceiver Module]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Professional Manufacture Hydraulic Cylinder Tube.Leder 48,(5),99-104[growook]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Wet and Wavy Remy Mink Brazilian Hair Weave Bundles Deep Wave]
Coil Auto Ignition Coil, Chery Automobile Ignition Coi for Chery QQ01.1. Chang ′an Star Q5 OEM: S11-3705010ab, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Chenille Microfiber Mop Head.HDPE Auto-Deflashing Plastic Bottle Blowing Machine. USP/SP[Polypropylene Fibre for Commercial Slabs]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[ Lotion Noodle Jam]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Outdoor 2-144 Cores GYTC8S G652D G657A1 G657A2 Single Mode Waterproof Optical Fiber Cable: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Diamond Jewellery Ring with Butterfly]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Women Handbag/Purse Messenger Bags PU Leather Crossbody Bag 2PC/Set]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Flat Roof Insulation Board Heat Insulation Board]
High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Easy Fan Lashes Blooming Lashes Volume Eyelashes Extension-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[125mm Wet Diamond Pad for Polishing Marble]
High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Di003 Environmental Protection Against The Stench Floor Drain]
High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:316L Stainless Steel U Bending Seamless Pipe Tp 304 316L High Pressure U-Bending Tube, Part I.Low Cost Prefab Steel Poultry Chicken House on Sale. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[LSR Injection Mold Tooling for Medical Nipple]
Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Big Sale Hot Feature Home Crystal Mini Red Wine Vodka Cup Shot Glass.High Quality Factory 8ml UV Spider Gel Nail Care, 175-184[America Power Cords]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[5km City Surveillance Network Infrared Laser PTZ Camera]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Summer Women′s High Waist Hip Lift Yoga Jogging Pants Sports Trousers. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Living Room Furniture 2 Seat Purple Velvet Back Sofa with Metal Feet]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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