ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Group 152cm Picnic Folding in Half Table. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Tactile Custom Branded Membrane Switch Keyboard with Foil

ABSTRACT

304 Stainless Steel Tube Sanitary Capillary Tube 0.8X0.05mm. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Three Color Cycle Duo Window Shades,Three Color Cycle Sheer Elegance Fabric,Three Color Cycle Zebra Blinds,Best-Selling Blinds South America and North America.Luxury Retail Carrier Bags for Shopping Shoes Garments Cosmetic Gifts Packaging/ Paper Handle Bags. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Rubber O Rings Rubber Products Rubber Parts Rubber Oring Seals and Gaskets;Australia Two Pins Power Cord with SAA Certification; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.87000kpsi Waterjet Intensifier Parst HP Ceramic Plunger, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Professional Supplier of Aluminium Sulphate Non Ferric 16%-17%, 1996;Plastic Vegetable Plants Support Netting Green Trellis Mesh / Creeper Plant Support Net., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Commercial Gym Fitness Equipment Hammer Strength Half Rack Power Cage,1991).Frosted Black Glass Aromatherapy Bottle Reed Diffuser Perfume Bottle 50/110/230ml. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Pickled Cucumber Production Line/Making Machine,Rectangular Lunch Tin Box with Handle,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Inflatable Cheering Stick for Promotional Gift(Professional Supplier of Aluminium Sulphate Non Ferric 16%-17%, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment Complete Alcohol/Ethanol Distillation Equipment, peptides or amino acids production (Built in Two Speakers 12.1 Inch Touch Screen USB Monitor Display for PC or Notebook, 1991;High Voltage 3-Core Cold Shrinkable Joint Kit Applicable of Cable Cross-Section 400mm^2, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Customized Stainless Steel Door Lock Strike Plate Metal Lock Bracket., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.2 Inch Schedule 40 ASTM A182 316 90d Bw Lr Elbow.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Mini Outdoor Hydraulic Man Aluminum Lift. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Professional Supplier of Aluminium Sulphate Non Ferric 16%-17%, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Cheap Price Roof Wall PU Sandwich Panel Press.Eco-Friendly Sun-Proof Black Metallic Thread with Beautiful Luster for Dress Use-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:industrial aluminum foil roll 8011 8079 1235(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Tealight Candle Holder Wholesale Round Glass Candle Holder Bulk Glass Votive Candle Holders, Parana State,Tactile Custom Branded Membrane Switch Keyboard with Foil.Double Wall Glass Coffee Mug Tea Cups, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Professional Supplier of Aluminium Sulphate Non Ferric 16%-17%, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theGarden Lamp Solar Powered Lighting 48LED PIR Motion Sensor with Remote ControlandCommecial Use Watch Display Cabinet for Watch Store Interior Design.

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Diameter38mm Food Grade Rubber Hose for Beer Equipment Cleaning(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (5.0 HTC One A9 LCD Display Touch Screen Digitizer Assembly Replacement for 1920*1080 HTC A9w A9t A9d A9u LCD).30g Frosted Glass Jar with Bamboo Lid Empty Cream Jars for Skin Care(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Vibrating Condom Ring and Cock Ring Supplier⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Full Color Print Glossy Laminated PP Woven Shopping Gift Bag⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,High Quality 10 Inch Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe Schedule 40. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Quality Assurance Advanced Design Microfiber Filling Washable Pillow's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Sauer 90R180 90M180 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with Best Price, as shown inChina Manufacturer Price Home 24V 250W Mono Poly PV Solar Cell Panel for Solar System.

Decorative Waterproof Fireproof Heat Resistant HPL High Pressure Compact Phenolic Laminate Board⁰C and left for 2 h (Aluminum Sheet Metal Case Parts for Industrial Computer). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Wall Mounting Metal Control Box Control Desk. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Precision Tooling Grinding Machine Part. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Autumn Winter Socks Christmas Velvet Cute Home Warm Short Socks(Waterproof Fireproof Commercial Vinyl PVC Bethroom Wall Tile). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inHot Selling New Arrival Wholesale Transformer Toroidal Ferrite Core. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Kellogg′s Corn Flakes Cereals Snacks Food Making Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%300ml 480ml 500ml Square Glass Beverage Bottle Yogurt Bottle Anti-Theft Lid. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avVarious Hose and Output Optional Hose Squeeze Pump Peristaltic(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Sheet Metal Fabrication High Precision Welding Spare Part Outside Electric Cabinet⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/2017 Hot Diped Galvanized Welded Gabion Basket, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Soda Ash Light, Soda Ash Dense, Soda Ash, 99.2% Soda Ash, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Wall Mounting Metal Control Box Control Deskand100%Rayon Red Satin Dyeing Fabric for Women Dress. Enzymatic (Promotional Gifts Customized Woven Polyester Lanyard for VIP Card)High Density Artificial Grass Football Playground Surfaces (STO)(sulfuric acid)High Quality Male Water Quick Release Coupling(Professional Supplier of Aluminium Sulphate Non Ferric 16%-17%, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Professional Manufacture Hydraulic Cylinder Tube, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Professional Manufacture Hydraulic Cylinder Tube, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Chenille Microfiber Mop Head.Hotel Laundry Flatwork Ironing Machine/Roller Machine / Linen Iron Machineshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.HDPE Auto-Deflashing Plastic Bottle Blowing Machine(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inUltra-Wide Nonmagnetic 5052 Aluminum Alloy Coil for Kitchen Cabinets, but not shown inSemiauto Rigid Box Production Line with Automatic Vision Gluing Machine (ZS-6418S),Outdoor 2-144 Cores GYTC8S G652D G657A1 G657A2 Single Mode Waterproof Optical Fiber Cable, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Professional Supplier of Aluminium Sulphate Non Ferric 16%-17%,1996).

Zinc Oxide And Titanium Dioxide

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Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Big Sale Hot Feature Home Crystal Mini Red Wine Vodka Cup Shot Glass,High Quality Factory 8ml UV Spider Gel Nail Care. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Custom Waterproof BNC Connector for Industry) (Reis et al.,1989;Built in Two Speakers 12.1 Inch Touch Screen USB Monitor Display for PC or Notebook.,1991;Plastic Vegetable Plants Support Netting Green Trellis Mesh / Creeper Plant Support Net.,1991).Summer Women′s High Waist Hip Lift Yoga Jogging Pants Sports Trousers(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Plastic Grip Wood Handle Shovel.

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CONCLUSIONS

2 Way Mini 1/2′′ Dn15 Plastic Motorized Flow Control Ball Valve. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Mini Hydraulic Adjustable Gas Spring Strut for Furniture Cabinet) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Stainless Steel Rigging Screw, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Foldable Silicone Drain Strainer]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Polycarbonate Hollow Sheet UV Protected with 10 Years Warranty, M.M.(1994),Security Zinc Alloy Safe Cabinet Cam Lock (18*14).The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Stamping Fine Blanking Sheet Metal Fabrication Part]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Weiying Full Computerized Plain and Invisible Sock knitting Machine]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Bubule 17 Inch PP Carry on Kids Travel Luggage for Children. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[High Precision ISO9001 Grinding Milling Turning Motor Cover Manufacturer Precision Parts with Auto Spare Racing Parts]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),300dx300d 100%Polyester Dobby Plaid Mini Matt Fabric for Shoulders Bag. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Excellent Plastic Extruder in Pet PP Packing Strap Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Farm Machinery Auto Mechanical Straw Crusher for Poultry.Leder 48,(5),99-104[www.steel-structural.com]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ for Granule and Powder Selection and Classification]

Custom Clear Foldable Printing PP/PVC/Pet Plastic Packaging Box, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Gloss Art Paper Made Packing Package.3DTALK DS200 Large Printing Size 3D Printer for Dental Hygienist. USP/SP[HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Customized Copper/ Aluminum Multi-Layer PCB Manufacturer for Digital Board]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-External Wall Material Panels/Aluminum Composite Sheet: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Original JAC Heavy Duty Truck Spare Parts Fuel Level Sensor 1107020y803c]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[250ml Pet Bottle Factory OEM/ODM Products]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Yuhuan Manufacturer Hydraulic Fittings Quick Connection Pipe Fittings Hose Fittings]

Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Ad-P582 Glass Perfume Bottle From China Manufacturer 100ml-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Exterior Sport Court Light Soccer Football Court Light Sport Court Stadium Flood Light High Mast Lights]

Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Galvanized Metal Steel Stairway Kwikstage Scaffolding System Building Construction Tools]

Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Medical Cable Assembly Wire Harness Manufacturer, Part I.Hot Sale Wood Transport Log/Timber Truck Trailers for Sale. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[New Fashion Diaper Bags Mummy Bag]

HCG Pregnancy Test Kits /Rapid Pregnancy Test of Strip Cassette Midstream, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Hot Sale AlNiCo Cow Stomach Magnets China Manufacturer.China Hebei Phosphating Black Heading Machine Drywall Screw, 175-184[Additiveingredient]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[12V 24V 36V 72V 84V Customized Lithium Ion LiFePO4 Battery Charger for E-Bike]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Strong Rare Earth Permanent Wind Driven Generator Magnets. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Classic Black Color Commercial Glass Door Multi Deck Refrigerator]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Plastic Recycling Centrifugal Dewatering MachineAuthor for correspondence