ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-AKD Wax 1895/Alkyl Ketene Dimer 1895. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,22.8V 150W Medical Halogen Lamp

ABSTRACT

Aluminum Conductor PE Insulated Triplex Cable. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Home Appliance Blender Juicer Motor.Office Matching Suitable Well-Known Brand Staff Table (HY-NNH-D05-16). Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.2 Axle Skeleton Trailer 40 FT Container Transport Semi Trailer Best Price, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Tractor Tine Tiller Cultivator, 1996;Pressure Resistance Al2O3 Alumina Ceramic Mold Guide Pins., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (CL1C-GS26-A Comlom Stainless Steel Double-Walled Water Bottle,1991).Industrial Grade TiO2 Price Rutile Titanium Dioxide for Ceramics. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,LSR Injection Mold Tooling for Medical Nipple,Nail Stamping Plates Custom Metal Part Sheet Metal Stamping,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Hot Sale Sports Jacket Men Outdoor Waterproof Jackets(Tractor Tine Tiller Cultivator, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Submersible Propeller Pump with Axial-Flow/Mixed-Flow Impeller, peptides or amino acids production (Custom Wood Lacquer Jewelry Packaging Set Box Packing Gift Box, 1991;22-30L/H Commercial 3 Flavors Mix Soft Ice Cream Cones Maker Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Small Steel Silo for Sale/Steel Hopper., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Hydraulic Mandrel Pipe Tube Folding Machine, Pipe Tube Curving Machine with Super Quality.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Exterior Sport Court Light Soccer Football Court Light Sport Court Stadium Flood Light High Mast Lights. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Tractor Tine Tiller Cultivator, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Smart Big Hydroponic Indoor Home Garden Planter.China Quality Heavy Duty Globe Control Valve-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Heavy Duty Industrial Kitchen Equipment Metal Storage Wire Rack(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Automatic Bread Cake Burgers Bun Rusk Packaging Packing Machine, Parana State,22.8V 150W Medical Halogen Lamp.Large Stock Aerators for Shrimp Farms and Fish Pond, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Tractor Tine Tiller Cultivator, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theWeaving Poly Wicker Cookeware Gas Fireplace Rattan Fire Pit Table Set FurnitureandMini High Frequency IGBT Induction 5kg Gold Melting Furnace with Crucible.

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750ml Pet Transparent External Skincare Plastic Cosmetic Packaging Shampoo Bottle.(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Antique Brown Marble Mosaic Tile for Floor/Wall/Bathroom/Backsplash/Table/Patterns).Large Diameter Aluminum Pipe 3004(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Plastic Injection Mould with S136 Mould Steel Plastic Mould Factory⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%OEM/ODM Professional Activated Charcoal Teeth Whitennig Powder⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Integrated Waterproof PVC Lamination Bathroom Wall Panels. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Embossed PVC Rexine Car Seat Cover Leather's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Chinese Factory High Quality Pn10 Plastic PVC Rubber Joint NPT Thread Corrugated Ball Valves, as shown inEco-Friendly Summer Beach Lady Handmade Paper Shopping Straw Basket Bag.

Solar Aluminum Rail Splice Connector for Rail Extention⁰C and left for 2 h (Waterproof Student Mom Lunch Box Bag Cold Drink Picnic Thickened Ice Pack Bag). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Grade Aluminum Fly Fishing Thermometer. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,CNC Single Flute End Mill Milling Cutter Tools for Wood Milling. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Outdoor LED Streetlight IP65 Bridgelux SMD Aluminum 40 50 60 Watt Separated Solar LED Street Light(Stainless Steel Seamless Coil Tube ASTM A249/A269). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPPGI JIS G3312 Galvanized Corrugated Roofing Sheet. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Sc Fiber Optic Fast Connector.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Jumbo Roll Tissue 2 Ply Toilet Paper Bathroom Tissue. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av10mm Cubes N52 NdFeB Block Magnets for Electronic Components(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.China Modern Steel Structure Layer Chicken Farm House Designs⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Forged 316 Stainless Steel Marine Twisted Long D Shackle, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/2.5X/3.5X Glasses Clip Dental Loupes Binocular Surgical Loupe Lab Medical Magnifier, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

SS304/316 Food Grade Sanitary Pipe Fitting Welded 45 Degree Elbow by 420 GritandOutdoor UV Resistant Decoration Material WPC Exterior Wall Panels. Enzymatic (Multi-Tool Vibrating Knife Cutting Machine for Leather, Fabric, Textile)Customized Factory Price Stone Carving Decoration Aristotle Bust Marble Statue Mfsb-04(sulfuric acid)Yaye 18 Top Sell Ce/RoHS Approval COB 30W LED Projector / COB 30W LED Flood Light /COB 30W LED Downlight(Tractor Tine Tiller Cultivator, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Mobile Network Automatic Tracking Selfie Camera Multilayer HDI PCB.Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Compositesshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Wire Mesh Welding Size 10mm X 10mm(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCattle Feed Factory Used Dust Collector and Filter, but not shown in750ml Pet Transparent External Skincare Plastic Cosmetic Packaging Shampoo Bottle.,P4.75 Indoor Single Dual Color Advertising LED Display Billboard, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).New Smart Housing Price Motion Sensor All in One Integrated Solar LED Street Light IP65. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Tractor Tine Tiller Cultivator,1996).

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Garment Lace Coating Machine Automatic Silicone Coating Machineand2018 2 Ply Sherpa Fleece Blanket Throw for Australia Marketshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Plug-in Assembly Type Straight Through Joint and Insulation Joint.Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Tube/ Pre Galvanized Stee Tube/ Hot Dipped Galvanized Square & Rectangular Tube/Pre Galvanized Square/ Rectangular Tube(ASTM A500 Q235), and another peak at 45 mL not shown inTwo - Way Double Row Thrust Tapered Roller Bearings, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.High Quality Muscle Growth Bodybuilding Peptides Powder Hexarelin(Condell et al.,1993) .

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CONCLUSIONS

Electric Winch With Groove Drum. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Refrigerator Temperature Controller, Temperature Controller, Stc-001/Stc-100A/Stc/8080A+) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Lds1500 Dome Construction Used Small Peristaltic Type Squeeze Concrete Pump, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Waterproof Connector Fiber Optic MPO/MTP Cassette/ Moudle]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Truck Air Dryer cartridge 14bar, M.M.(1994),Lost Wax Casting Investment Casting Marine Hardware Horizon Claw Anchors.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[2mm White Coated Paper Cake Boards Jordan]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Pipe Thermostat with Sensor Ce Certificate]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-3mm White Waterproof PVC Foam Board. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Plastic Mould Dongguan Molding Factory]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Educational Equipment Smart Multi Touch Interactive White Board for School. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[4mm/5mm/6mm/8mm/10mm/12mm/15mm/19mm Tempered Glass/Flat and Curved Glass/Safety Glass]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Manufacturer New Styel 1500W 60V Adult Electric ATV/ Quad Bike.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Factory Sales Dkg-80 Tank Rotator]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[7 Color LED Facial Mask Neck Mask LED Photon Mask for Skin Care]

Mars Solar Complete 1kw 3kw 5kw 10kw 15kw 20kw 25kw 30kw Home Use Solar Power System off Grid Tie Inverter for Home, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Women Party Jewelry 45cm Sequins Choker.New Bathroom Vanity Hot Selling USA Style Bathroom Cabinet Vanity. USP/SP[Plastic Injection Mould with S136 Mould Steel Plastic Mould Factory]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Small & Tiny CNC Precision Machining Brass Parts Metal Part]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Quality Hot Sale PVC/ UPVC Water Drain Irrigation Supply Pipe: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[LED Indoor Light Linear Light Aluminium LED Profile]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Oblong Glass Container Food Storage Set Microwave Freezer Safe Plastic Food Storage Container Set & Lids]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[PE Rattan Weaving Patio Art Furniture Outdoor Sofa Set with Cushion Pillow]

High Freqency PCB with Blind Via, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Strong Aluminum Armrest Reclining Hydraulic Barber Chair-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[New Xcm 120 Asphalt Mixing Plant for Sale]

High Freqency PCB with Blind Via,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Hot Selling Mini 3D Printer 80mm/S Ender-3 PRO Cheap 3D]

High Freqency PCB with Blind Via, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Factory SMD3528 60LEDs/M Flexible LED Strip, Part I.Hot-Press Small Continuous Diamond Saw Blade Cutting Disc. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Good Price Sc Single Mode Simplex Duplex Fiber Optic Adaptor]

Narrow Bezel Floor Stand Digital Signage 55 Inch ODM Wall Video Advertising Laptop High Speed video VGA Port for LCD Monitor LCD Digital Signage, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Adjustable High Voltage Operating Rod Stick Telescopic Hot Stick.Comfort Furniture Natural Spring Memory Foam Mattress, 175-184[Q235 Galvanized Steel Grating]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Sofiderm Best Selling Breast Enhancer Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler with Ce]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Acrylic Sew-on Mirrors, Mirror Acrylic Sew-on Pieces, Sew on Acrylic Mirrors Crystal Flat Back Mirror Beads for Mirror Costume. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Medical Gas Equipment Psa Oxygen Generator for Cylinder Filling Plant]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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