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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Professional Manufacture Hydraulic Cylinder Tube. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Chenille Microfiber Mop Head

ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Low Cost Prefab Steel Poultry Chicken House on Sale, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites, 1996;Big Sale Hot Feature Home Crystal Mini Red Wine Vodka Cup Shot Glass., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (High Quality Factory 8ml UV Spider Gel Nail Care,1991).Summer Women′s High Waist Hip Lift Yoga Jogging Pants Sports Trousers. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Plastic Grip Wood Handle Shovel,2 Way Mini 1/2′′ Dn15 Plastic Motorized Flow Control Ball Valve,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Stainless Steel Rigging Screw(Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Polycarbonate Hollow Sheet UV Protected with 10 Years Warranty, peptides or amino acids production (Security Zinc Alloy Safe Cabinet Cam Lock (18*14), 1991;Bubule 17 Inch PP Carry on Kids Travel Luggage for Children, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;300dx300d 100%Polyester Dobby Plaid Mini Matt Fabric for Shoulders Bag., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Farm Machinery Auto Mechanical Straw Crusher for Poultry.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Gloss Art Paper Made Packing Package. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰3DTALK DS200 Large Printing Size 3D Printer for Dental Hygienist.External Wall Material Panels/Aluminum Composite Sheet-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Cheap Price Paper Straws Individually Wrapped Drinking Straw(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Strong Rare Earth Permanent Wind Driven Generator Magnets(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Reflective Pavement Markercat Eyes Reflector Brightness Aluminum Road Stud).Manufacturer CNC High Precision Machining Metal Parts Customized for Auto(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%China Manufacturer Truck Tyre Parts Tubeless Valve Stem V3.20.6⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Industry Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Lug Type⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Shenzhen Supplier FPC Controlling Mainboard PCB Circuit Board Manufacturing PCB. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)OEM Design Fashion Women Nylon Backpack High Quality Backpacks Custom Backpack's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Wholesale Magic Barber Personal Use Cordless Rechargeable LCD Hair Clipper, as shown inBarricade Tape.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%3-Layer PE Coating Production Line. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avMulti Functional Two-Layer Woven Leather Jewelry Box Organizer Suitcase(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Beach Hammock Double Person Parachute Hammock with Mosquito Net Camping Bed⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Wooden Queen/King Size Japan Sofa Bed G1162, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/J55 Short Round Thread Seamless Casing Pipe, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Dust Hood Fume Extraction Systems for Robotic Laser Cutting.Small Tin Box for Condomsshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.IP40 M8/M12/M16/M23 Male Waterproof Cable Circular Industryconnector(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inFan Inside Super Silent Scent Diffuser Machine 120ml Fragrance Oil Aroma Machine Hz-1201, but not shown inWalnut Birch Basswood Walnut Children Craftes Toyslaser Cutting Plywood Board,Nordic Solid Wood Dining Chair/Smile Chair, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Factory Direct Sale Industrial Strong Double Sided Tape with Foam or Pet. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Blue Color Fish Paper/6520/6521 Flexible Composites,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Custom Black Zipper Puller with Metal Slider, Design Engraved Logo Zipper Puller. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Hot Sale Wood Transport Log/Timber Truck Trailers for Sale) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

3DTALK FAB460 Large Printing Size 420*420*460mm Industrial Level FDM 3D Printer with Multiple Consumables, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Anti-Theft Door Thermal Gluing Machine Suppliers for Sale]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Chubby 163cm Fat Big Ass Female Real Sex Doll for Man, M.M.(1994),Toyon 120mm 12038 Fg PWM 4pin Brushless DC Axial Cooling Fan 120X120X38 24V.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Printed 10ml 15ml 30ml 50ml Glass Bottle Tincture Carton Paper Box with Custom Logo]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[P10 P16 P20 DIP Full Front Service Waterproof LED Panel Display]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-10mm AISI304 Carbon Steel Balls Motor Bearing for Slide. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Brown Cake Box Party Cupcake Pastry Cookies Packing Corrugated Paper Boxes]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Different Size of Ring NdFeB Magnet. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Damage Recovery Pharmaceutical Peptides Chemical Medicine Tb-500]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Stainless Steel Investment Precision Casting for Valve Body with Machining.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Fashion Jewelry Factory Wholesale Semiprecious Gemstone Indian Agate 8X10 mm Rice Barrel Beads]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Supplier China Steel Stamping Cars Polished Aluminum Sheet Metal Price Custom Sheet Metal Bending]

High Quality Male Water Quick Release Coupling, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Unique Best Quality Copper Home Alcohol Distiller for Sale.Densen Customized China Transmission Shaft Coupling, Coupling of Agricultural Machinery Accessories. USP/SP[5ml Portable Mini Aluminum Refillable Perfume Bottle with Spray Empty Cosmetic Containers with Atomizer for Traveler]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Sauer 90R180 90M180 Hydraulic Piston Pump Parts with Best Price]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Hot Selling Fgg. 0b. 309 Metal Circular Push Pull Connector: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Claus Process Catalyst 4-6 mm]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Cemented Carbide Nozzle]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[316L 10 Micron Sintered Stainless Steel Filter Disc]

Drive Travel Car Inflatable Bed, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Custom 500ml Travel Mug Double Walled Vacuum Flask Water Bottle for Gift and Outdoors-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Ceiling Mounted IV Stand Stainlesss Steel I V Pole]

Drive Travel Car Inflatable Bed,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Best Key Machine Sec-E9 High Security Key Cutting Machine Built-in Data]

Drive Travel Car Inflatable Bed, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:China PCBA Supplier Custom Game Controller PCB, Part I.TPU TPR Rubber Band Plastic Extruder Machine. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Stainless Steel Resin Trap Strainer]

Wheel Loader Transmission Gear Box/Customized Casting Parts, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),SMT Mini Desktop Visual Chip Mounter Tp210+ (TORCH).Auto Spare Parts Ignition Coil 22448-2y001, 175-184[2000mm*80mm Stable Power Laser Tube]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[ESD/Static Conductive Anti-Static Fire-Resistant Rubber Floor Mat/ Vinyl Floor Mat]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),3D Good Quality Laser Engraving Machine for Souvenirs Shop. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Drug Delivery ABS Hospital Medical Treatment Medicine Cart]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Hot Sale Industrial Water Cooled Air Chiller Cooling System EquipmentAuthor for correspondence