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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Outdoor Portable Insulated Thermal Tote Cooler Bag for Lunch, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Customized Design Steel Structure Prefabricated House for Workshop/Workshop/Hangar/Garage, 1996;Factory Cheap Price Wholesale Black Nickel Bag O Ring Metal, Professional Custom 43mm Metal O-Ring for Bag., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (ASTM A335 Seamless Steel Pipe by Grade P91, P22, P11,1991).High Quality Sesame Bean Seed Cleaner and Grader. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Waterproof Student Mom Lunch Box Bag Cold Drink Picnic Thickened Ice Pack Bag,Pet Strapping Band Production Line,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,UHF EPC G2 RFID Label 1 860-960MHz Rolls RFID Sticker Tag, RFID Paper Label, Smart Label(Customized Design Steel Structure Prefabricated House for Workshop/Workshop/Hangar/Garage, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Customized Specification Mesh Water Filter SS316 Filters for Liquids Filtration, peptides or amino acids production (PA Flexible Plastic Corrugated Loom Tubing, 1991;Stainless Steel Rectangular Kitchen Washing /Wash Sink with Double Bowl, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Belt Conveyor in Heavy Duty Industry for Mining, Coal, Power., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Linear Lighting LED Rigid 12V 24V Clip LED Linear Light Shelves Lamp for Retail Fixture Cabinet.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-3-Way T Type Elbow Quick Connect Pneumatic Fitting. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Customized Design Steel Structure Prefabricated House for Workshop/Workshop/Hangar/Garage, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰China Superior Quality Soya Protein Food Production Machine Line.Ocrown Holographic Dark Blue Glitter Flakes Decoration Supplier-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Custom Army Style 100% Polyester Fiber Mens Polo Shirt(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Forged Steel NPT Threaded High Pressure Pipe Fittings Hexagon Nipple⁰C and left for 2 h (Corrosion Resistant Acid Resistant Super Duplex Stainless Steel F51 F53 F55 High Pressure Soft Seat Metal Seat Flange Floating Ball Valve). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.New Mobile Charger Power Supply 10000mAh Portable Metal Digital Custom Power Bank. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Carbon Steel Round/Square Pipe Tube Production Line. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Green PVC Coated Front Yard Double Wire Mesh Fence Panel(Pet Juice Bottle Cap and Preform Making Automatic Injection Moulding Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inDecorative Pillars And Columns Suppliers for Sale. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Cable Length 11 Gun Safety Padlock.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Canvas School College Backpack/Bookbags for Girls/Students/Women. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avCustomized Fiberglass Slotted Flat Bar Fiberglass/FRP Special Shaped Pultruded Profiles(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Living Room Furniture 2 Seat Purple Velvet Back Sofa with Metal Feet⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/300 Degree Automatic Hot Pressing Hot Press with Mould Size 200X200mm, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Silent Diesel Generator Powered by Perkins Engine 125kVA (YMP-100), pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Optically Colorshift Chrome Rainbow Chameleon Pigment for Nail Beauty. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Wholesale Pyrex Heating Water Bottle Cold with Stainless Steel Lid) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Blince High Torque OMR Hydro Motor for Injection Moulding Machine, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[OEM Eye Anti-Aging Serum]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,6 12 18 10 Lead Raw ECG Electrode Cable Placement Used for Patient ECG Monitoring, M.M.(1994),TV Tower Antenna Supports.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Atg39 100W LED Flood Light Wall Light Wall Washer]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[CAD Cam Dental Machine 3D Dental Model Printer]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Diamond Silver Ring Silver Plated Zircon Butterfly Shape Women Ring. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Gear Operated Flanged High Performance Butterfly Valve]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Retractable Multi Core Cable Reel. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[PE Coated Paper for Salt Sugar Sachets Paper Food Grade]

Heidemann, E.(1997),New Xcm 120 Asphalt Mixing Plant for Sale.Leder 48,(5),99-104[RFID Blocking Stash Neck Wallet]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Fireproof DMX Wedding Stage Curtain P18 RGB Video Curtain]

Coil Sheet Automatic Feeder with Straightener Press Feeders Straighteners Uncoilers 3 in 1 Servo Feed-Straighteners Help to Making Electric Parts, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Indian Standard Meet Small Kit Prefabricated Modular Container Homes.Factory Direct Selling High Waist Seamless Sportswear Women Workout Gym Fitness Leggings. USP/SP[Custom Die Aluminum Castings]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[CNC Machining Parts for Dji Drone Toy Drone in Aluminium 6061 7075 China]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-LED Indoor Light Linear Light Aluminium LED Profile: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Hot Sell 100% Seal Hexagon Glass Jam Jar]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Solid Carbide Rolls]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[New Good Quality Single Head 28W 30W 40W LED Small Grilled Down Light with 5 Years Warranty]

50g 100g Small Sachet Vegetable Seed Sunflower Seeds Packing Machine Price, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Graphic 240X128 Dots Monochrome LCD Display Module-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[100% Cotton Face Mask in Guangzhou]

50g 100g Small Sachet Vegetable Seed Sunflower Seeds Packing Machine Price,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Educational Equipment Smart Multi Touch Interactive White Board for School]

50g 100g Small Sachet Vegetable Seed Sunflower Seeds Packing Machine Price, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Dry & Wet Concrete Surface Metal Grinding Wing, Part I.Workbench Anti-Static Table ESD Natural Rubber Table Mat. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[LED UFO Highbay 250W]

316L 10 Micron Sintered Stainless Steel Filter Disc, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Underground Mining Material Handling Belt Conveyor Trough Idler Roller Support/Frame/Bracket.Abstract Light and Shadow Metal Oil Painting for Deco, 175-184[2019 China New Design Warehouse In Zhengzhou -]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Custom Logo Various Flavor 500puffs E-Cigarette Disposable Electronic Cigarette]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Silo Machine Equipment for Chicken Farm Feed Use (JF-A-L003). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Ce/FM/UL Approved Ductile Iron Grooved Flexible Reducing Coupling]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Belt Conveyor in Heavy Duty Industry for MiningAuthor for correspondence