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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Portable Powerful Charger with Dual Pd Charger and Type-C Charger, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Flexible Vj Rigid Shaft Coupling for Pipe Flange, 1996;Machinery Accessories Custom Foundry Steel Gray / Grey / Ductile Cast Iron Aluminum Sand Iron Casting., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Guangzhou Cheap Large Capacity 20X80m Industrial Storage Warehouse,1991).Through Bolt Assy for Montabert Brh-501 Hydraulic Breaker Hammers. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Hot Sale Necklace 925 Sterling Silver Cubic Zircon Jewelry,100mm 4 Black Steel Bimetallic Thermometer Temperature Gauge Factory Price,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,15 Kg/H Automatic Snack Food Enrobing Machine Chocolate Tempering and Coating Machine(Flexible Vj Rigid Shaft Coupling for Pipe Flange, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Speed Steel Mill Roll with High Quality, peptides or amino acids production (3D Foam Self Adhesive Wallpaper for Home Decoration Manufacturer, 1991;2017 China Hot Sale Water Screen Movie Fountain, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Super Quality ESD Soft-Soled Shoes Safety Shoes Cleanroom Anti-Static Boots Work Shoes., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Atlas Copco Ga VSD Air Screw Air Compressor High Quality Stationary Electric Screw Air Compressor.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-LED Neon Flex IP67 Waterproof Silicone DIY Neon LED Strip. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Flexible Vj Rigid Shaft Coupling for Pipe Flange, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Best Price Wastewater Treatment STP Treat All Kinds of Sewage to Discharge Irrigation Reuse .Individually Paper Wrapped Biodegradable Paper Drinking Straws Wholesale-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Latest New Hho Engine Oil Carbon Remover(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Smoke Density Testing

Wholesale Empty Perfume Bottle 10ml Cosmetic Roll on Bottle(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper ( Hose Fittings).Cross Hex Flange Screw(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Metric Female Flat Seat, One Piece Hose Fittings, Hose Fittings⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Full Color Indoor Outdoor LED Curtain TV Display⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,High Quality Plastic Injection Mold Parts Square Interlocks Maker. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)LED Outdoor Solar Lawn Garden Lighting for Wall's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)3-Pin Australia Power Cord Plug with SAA, as shown in Printed Socks.

Sludge Oil Separation Centrifuge⁰C and left for 2 h (Rotary Automatic Wet Wipe Production Linewet Wipes Machine RM-Wl30). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.8011 Aluminum Foil for Cap Used. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Pepper Peanut Sauce Colliod Miller Grinding Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Gasoline Rototiller, Cultivator, Tiller Model Gtm-6(World-Class Steel Structure Building Warehouse Workshop Stoage (TW1040J)). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inCheap Custom High Quality Golf Outdoor Bulk Blank Sports Flexfit Baseball Hat Cap. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,12.5mva Transformer 12500kVA 33kv 35kv Power Transformer.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Electronic Foldable for Patient Treatment Ent Unit Chair. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avPlastic Pushbutton Ultrasonic Spin Welding Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Double Shaft Paper Cardboard Waste Plastic Shredder Machine⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Paintcolor Brand Spray Booth Leading Manufacturer of Paint Spray Chamber for Over 15 Years with Highest Quality Standards, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Desktop Single Wave Soldering Machine/Wave Soldering Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Animal Carcass Incinerator Hospital Garbage Incinerator.Printing Pure Color Women Fitness Wearshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Ral9002 White Prepainted Galvanized Steel Coil Z275 for Building Material(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in Diatomite Earth Beer Filter, but not shown inAcf Cof Tab Bonding Machine for Flex Cable Repair of LED LCD Bonding Machine,High Density Crust Foam Board/Celuka Board, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Mango Pulp Juice Processing Production Line. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Flexible Vj Rigid Shaft Coupling for Pipe Flange,1996).

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New Sexy Crystal Self Adhesive Resuable Nipple Cover, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Candy Box Laser Marking Engraving Machine Scm2000 180W 250W,130kw 7 Degrees Scroll Type Industrial Water Chiller. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Best Sell 16L Square Dustbin Frame Mould) (Reis et al.,1989;3D Foam Self Adhesive Wallpaper for Home Decoration Manufacturer.,1991;Machinery Accessories Custom Foundry Steel Gray / Grey / Ductile Cast Iron Aluminum Sand Iron Casting.,1991).Decals Logo Customized Bamboo Floor Container Plywood Floor Mini Side Open Containers(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Factory Wholesale Melamine Garment Shop Furniture Design for Store.

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CONCLUSIONS

Golden Galvanic Salon Use Eyes Lifting Acne Treatment Machine. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Biobase China Vertical Type-Double Doors -25º C Freezer for Best Price) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Wholesale Comfortable Men′s Winter Leather Snow Boots, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Stainless Steel Blank Round Shape Love Pendant Charm]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Hot Sale Highly Effective Scc628b Water-Based Cutting Fluid with Best Quality, M.M.(1994),Gcc Plant Ball Mill and Air Classifier Production Line.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[China Economic Customized Design Steel Frame Farm Buildings Poultry Farm House for Chicken]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Hot Sale High Precision Valve Block Hydraulic Flow Control Valve 1wfl]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Waterproof Silicone Rain Shoe Cover or Rain Boots or Rubber Shoes. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[PVDF Exterior Design Curved Aluminum Panel]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Outdoor Playground Plastic Slide with Swing and Basketry. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Mini Succulent Planters]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Elastic Camouflage PU Leather Synthetic PVC for Down Jacket Coat.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Professional Hair Clipper Set]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Wholesale Cosmetic Refillable Plastic Perfume Spray Bottle]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Transparent 43/410 Soap Dispenser Hand Wash Pump Foam Pump]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Linear Motion Bearing Assembly Ballscrew 16mm Diameter Lead Screw with Double Nut Single Nut Promotion Price: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[PP Coated Pipe Machine Extruder Machine]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Factory Direct Sale Enamel Metal Craft Lapel Pins]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[100 Liter Cooking Pots for Jam]

Digger Spring for Excavator Machinery, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),1.8ml Clear Sample Vials with Label and PP Caps-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Medical Autoclavable Surgical Thoracoscopy Trocar]

Digger Spring for Excavator Machinery,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Temperature Side Opening AAC Autoclave]

Digger Spring for Excavator Machinery, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Factory Small Coil Compression Spring in High Quality, Part I.Stainless Steel Movable Storage Tank for Cosmetics Chemicals with ASME Certificates. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Green Nylon Sponge Scouring Pad Kitchen Cleaning Sponge Scrubber]

Premium Grade Export Best Price Organic Bulk Supply New Crop Hot Sale Pumpkin Kernel, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Plastic Material Handling Dolly Platform Hand Trolley Truck.Transparent 43/410 Soap Dispenser Hand Wash Pump Foam Pump, 175-184[Two Removeable Battery Citycoco Electric Scooter Range up to 180km]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Waterjet 87K Intensifier Part Check Valve Body 020077-1]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Viscose and Polyester Blends Spunlace Nonwoven Fabric For Home Wipes. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[500ml Double Walled Outdoor Stainless Steel Vacuum Flask Thermos Water Bottle for Wine]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Small Table CNC Marble Engraver for StoneAuthor for correspondence