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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
High Quality Nylon Back to Back Hook&Loop. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Canned Fruit Peach Processing Plant.Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Garden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions;Stainless Steel Water Cream Bulk Storage Tank; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Hot Selling Knitting Velvet Jaguar Fabric (JAGUAR), about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants, 1996;Seasoned Cast Iron South Africa Three Legged Potjie Pot., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (1.0g Water and Air Ozone Generator with Silicone Tube,1991).Multifunctional Two Cryopencils RF 40K Cavitation Vacuum Body Slimming Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,16A/24A High Speed Wire Cable Braiding Machine,Traction Teaching Programming/Benchtop 4-Axis Screwdriver Robot,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,5 Axis CNC Machine with German Technology (BL-Y850/1050 VMC850/1050)(Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,20 Inch 48V 750W Fat Tire Electric Bike with Double Seat, peptides or amino acids production (Agriculture Apple Orchard Reflective Pet Film, 1991;High Precision IP54 Waterproof Digital Vernier Caliper 6 Electronic Caliper (WW-54DC04), 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Small Boat Deck Knuckle Boom Ship Pedestal Crane., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.115mm Segmented Saw Blade for Concrete Cutting.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Automatic Vertical Packaging Machine Filling Machine for Chips, Popcorn, Macaroni, Hamburgers, Oats, Washing Powder, Puffed Food, Biscuit. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle.3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Ad-L13 Black Perfume Plastics Vial Bottle 10ml(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car CoverAlcalase2.5 L DX,EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012), with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder, Parana State,Om4 Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Cable.Mexico Single Expansion Anchor with YZP, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theChina Manufacturer Cheap Custom High Precision Spiral Compression Phone Clock Stationery Small Torsion Mechanical Metal Micro Pressure SpringandWaterproof 100W 100 Watt LED Flood Light for Tennis Court Lighting.
Best Supplier Youfa Brand Schedule 40 Galvanized Steel Pipe(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Quality Plastic Pipe Fittings HDPE Pipe Flange Fittings PE Butt Fusion Pipe Fittings for Water Supply DIN Standard SDR13.6 and SDR17).SSAW Steel Pipe API 5L Psl2 with Stainless Steel Sheet(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Ribbon Production of Various Specifications of Gold and Silver Wire Rope Kraft Paper Rope Hand Rope0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Whole Absorbtion Flexo Printing Soltting Die Cutting Machine0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Factory Price 4X6 Acrylic Magnetic Photo Frame. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)200m Diesel Oil Hydraulic Water Well Drilling Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Custom Cmyk Printing Cake Gift Packing Box with Lid, as shown in120L 240L Oil Universal Chemical Spil Absorbent Kits.
Air Purification Activated Alumina0C and left for 2 h (Mobile Phone Original LCD Touch Screen LCD Display for Samsung S8 Galaxy G950). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Steel Tubeless Truck Trailer Rim Wheel (17.5X6.75 17.5X6). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Resistan UV Grades PP Non Woven Fabric. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'New Scba Breathing Apparatus Equipment with Ce Certification(1200X1000X810 Strong Collapsible Plastic Containers for Storage). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in925 Sterling Silver Vintage Ring with Red Corundum Vintage Jewellery Antique Jewelry. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,FRP Pultruded Pipe or GRP Profile.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%6090 CO2 Sealed Glass Cooling Laser Cutting Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavAluminum Alloy Die Casting Parts LED Lamp Housing Radiator(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Outdoor Fitness Equipment Swing (JMH-03)0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Sheet Metal Distribution Cabinet with High Quality, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/OEM Branded Low Price Disposable Baby Pull up Diapers in Bulk, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Kt Board Acrylic CCD Camera CNC Knife Cutting MachineandNew Type Automatic Multihead Weigher All-in-One Packing Machine for Rice. Enzymatic (Ningbo Smart Professional Manufacturer Rx Brass Pneumatic Pipe Fitting)Metal Animal Longhorn Skull Pendant Longhorn Skull Charm(sulfuric acid)Wholesale Bdu Uniform T/C Custom Combat Military Camouflage Tactical Army Uniform Jacket+Pant(Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Eco Friendly Heat Sealing Small Capacity Garbage HDPE LDPE Trash Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Eco Friendly Heat Sealing Small Capacity Garbage HDPE LDPE Trash Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
High Output Plastic Rubber Filing Masterbatch Extruder Machine.Low Price High Quality Pet/PP Non Woven Short Fiber Geotextileshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.High Precision Mold Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inGenuine Original OEM Kubota/Isuzu/Yanmar/Cummins/Foton/Yto/Omro Products Spare Parts, but not shown in3D Foam Self Adhesive Wallpaper for Home Decoration Manufacturer,China Wholesale Oxide Aluminium Black Sand Blast Media, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Welded Stud Anchor Chain for Ship. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants,1996).
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Piston Cooling Nozzle Valve Body Made of 45# 35# Carbon Steel, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Fashion Style Lady Alloy Quartz Watch with Simple Dial,Rooftop HVAC Packaged Units (RTU) Amrta Manufacture. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Hot Selling Custom Sheet Metal Fabrication) (Reis et al.,1989;Agriculture Apple Orchard Reflective Pet Film.,1991;Seasoned Cast Iron South Africa Three Legged Potjie Pot.,1991).Waterproof IP67 Outdoor Plastic Box Enclosure Electronic Junction Box(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Building Decoration Material Acrylic Dispersant for Coating.
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CONCLUSIONS
High Speed Plastic PE Single Wall Corrugated Hose Pipes Extruder Making Machine. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Diamond Tools Continous Saw Blade Segment Bldes Turbo Saw Blades Brazed Welded Saw Blades, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[China OEM Submerged Pulse Jet Solenoid Valve SMF-Y-40s]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Factory Supply Straight Ball Joint Bearing 02b04, M.M.(1994),Wrinkle Effect Crease UV Drying Machine UV Curing System.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[China Factory Prices Custom Precisely A380 ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Part]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Wrinkle Effect Crease UV Drying Machine UV Curing System]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Lithium Polymer 3000mAh 634169-3s 11.1V High Quality Li-ion Battery Pack. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Rooftop HVAC Packaged Units (RTU) Amrta Manufacture]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Best Pinpointer Metal Detector Hand Held Underground Gold Metal Detector. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Roller Skating Sneakers Shoes for Children (8083)]
Heidemann, E.(1997),20 40 Stainless Steel High Pressure Cartridge Filter Housing China Factory.Leder 48,(5),99-104[garden table set]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Junior Backyard Training Practise Soccer Goal Net]
Portable Camping Parachute Nylon Double Green Hammock Tent with Mosquito Netting, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Tefude Feeding and Packaging Line for Food with Tray.Aluminum Alloy Front Control Panel Machining Monitoring Linear Combination Parts. USP/SP[Chibson Vicers B B King Crown Electric Guitar Hollow Jazz Guitar Glossy Black B B King Guitar Top Blues Jazz Electric Guitar B B King Jazz Guitar]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Paper Automaitc Carton Box Cardboard Strapping Machine]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Automatic Sawdust/Rice Husk/Biomass Pellet Making Machine: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Cast Steel Dual Plate Wafer Check Valve]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Chancsmac Hfvd-10-CH High Frequency Vacuum Dryer]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Butterfly Pn16 CF8m Water Dual Flap Flapper Type Wafer Check Valve]
CMP No Nc Metal Switch Black 25mm Illuminated Push Button, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Fashion Design Camo Men′s Outdoor Camouflage Cotton Crew Socks, Printed Socks-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[16A/24A High Speed Wire Cable Braiding Machine]
CMP No Nc Metal Switch Black 25mm Illuminated Push Button,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Toughened Glass Disc Suspension Insulator]
CMP No Nc Metal Switch Black 25mm Illuminated Push Button, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Full Hard S550gd Cold Rolled Galvanzied Steel Sheet in Coil, Part I.Felt Disc Polishing Sanding Disc with Wool Felt Diam. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Quality Automatic High Speed Iron Wire Nail Concrete Steel Nail Forming Machine/Coil Nail Machine and Nail Thread Rolling Machine/Nail Twisting Machine]
13.56MHz Contactless RFID Card MIFARE 1K Card for Prepaid Payment System, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Thermomolded TPE 5X20mm IP68 10K Air Conditioner Probe Black Cable.100% Fiberglass 1*1m Fire Blanket 3732 Fiberglass Cloth, 175-184[Baking Oven Price]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Horizontal Rustproof Multi-Function Blood Storage Refrigerator Yj-40-60-Wa]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),240T goodeng water/oil/gas pipe drilling rig HDD machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Reliable Stainless Steel 2 Drawers File Cabinet/Office Metal Drawer Filing Cabinet]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Building Material Sound Heat Insulation Rock Wool Sandwich PanelAuthor for correspondence