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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Sud1000h Poly Welder Butt Fusion Machine. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Customized Anti-Rust Torsion Spring

ABSTRACT

Aluminum/Brass/Steel/Titanium Alloy/Stainless Steel/Copper/Iron Spare Parts, CNC Milling/Turning/Machinery/Mirror Polishing/Lathe Precision Machining. After enzymatic hydrolysis,New Style Fashion Custom Branded Printing Sublimation Plain Summer Merino Wool Cotton Bamboo Polyester Leisure Quick Dry Undershirt Slim Fit Long Sleeve T-Shirt.Galvanized PVC Concertina Razor Barbed Wire Barrier Fence Cbt-60. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;OEM-Fabrication-Sheet-Metal-Deep-Drawing-Electronic;PP Woven Bag, Rice, Beans, Plastic Bag; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.China Professional Mold Factory Plastic Injection Mould Maker, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Plastic Twist Top Blood Lancet with Ce, ISO, FDA Certificated, 1996;Automatic Ice Cube Maker Ice Making Machine with Selectable Cube Size., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Industrial Carbon Steel Wire Hose Hydraulic Pipe,1991).24k Gold Whitening Anti-Spot Mask. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Clay Tiles Making Machine with Latest Technology,DIN Standard Gratings/Gavlanized Steel Grating,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,50mm Magnetic River Water Sewage Flow Meter for Acid(Plastic Twist Top Blood Lancet with Ce, ISO, FDA Certificated, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,PE Biodegradable Sheet Product Line/Single Screw Extruder, peptides or amino acids production (27L/Min Water Exchanger Heat Pump Mold Temperature Machine, 1991;Felt Belt for Textile Compactor, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Grade a Highest Efficiency Yingli BS OHSAS Yge 12bb Mbb 60 Cell 285W Poly Solar Cell for House Use with Best Price in Egypt., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Metal Soft Enamel Souvenir Metal Medal Sport Medallions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-20L Water Tank Lid Mold 3D Printing Samples Available. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Plastic Twist Top Blood Lancet with Ce, ISO, FDA Certificated, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Wholesale High Quality Metal Car Mount Holder Phone Holder.Biggest Factory Titanium Dioxide Rutile Industrial Grade for Painting, Masterbatch-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:High Aluminum Insulating Ceramic Fiber Paper for Industrial Kilns(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Portable Folding Table for Camping, Picnic, Outdoor, Family Party Form Camping Kitchen, Parana State,Customized Anti-Rust Torsion Spring.Dark Green Plastic PVC Film for Christmas Tree Leaves, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Plastic Twist Top Blood Lancet with Ce, ISO, FDA Certificated, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theHigh Efficiency Multistage Diesel Centrifugal Vane Pump for Chemical IndustryandCrop Fertilizer Agriculture Nh4cl Ammonium Chloride.

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Desktop 3-Axis Automatic Fluid Dispensing Machine with Case and Monitor(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (China Supplier Single Person Fishing Boat Angler Pedal Kayak 10FT for Adults).Pure Peptide Powder PT-141 for Enhancing Male Power with GMP (ODM)(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%1X4mm2 (12AWG) Solar Cable Red or Black PV Cable Wire Copper Conductor XLPE Jacket TUV Certifiction⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Water Treatment Anthracite⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Heat Treated Welding Protection Glassfiber Cloth Ht800. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Fashion European 925 Sterling Silver Butterfly Flower Crystal Engagement Ring's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Reflective Hard Reflector, Relfective Plastic Reflector, Hard Keychain Reflector, as shown in Viola Bow.

Heat Pump Non-Programmable HVAC Room Thermostat⁰C and left for 2 h (Electrical 4W AC Synchronous Gear Motor for Engraving Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Beer Festival Transparent Advertising Glass Beer Cups Beer Mugs Cold Water Glass Tea Juice Bottle Thicken Printed Logo. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Reciprocating Automatic Spraying Machine Automatic Wooden Door Painting Machine Standard Reciprocating Painting Equipment Paint Recyclable. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Professional Handheld Underground Gold Metal Detector Waterproof Pinpointer(Wholesale High Quality Metal Car Mount Holder Phone Holder). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inManufacturer HDPE Insulator Tie Top 35kv 1-3/8pin Hole F Neck HDPE Insulator. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Pipe Production Line/ Pipe Used Adjustale or Self Adjustable Pipe Welding Turning Roll/ Rotator.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Injector Pump Calibration Test Bench. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avASME/ASTM Butt-Welding Stainless Steel Plate Flange(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Stainless Steel Straight Pneumatic Fitting Quick Connect Air Fittings⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Polyester / Polypropylene Woven Geotextile for Road Construction, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Granite Stone Jaw Crusher of Mining Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Home Decoration Kids Toy Promotion Eyeglass Plastic MouldandDuctile Iron Pipe Accessories/Fittings/Joints/Coupling/Adaptor. Enzymatic (Galvanized Animals Wire Mesh Fence Grassland Fence Professional Manufacturer)The Newest Cut One Arcade Coin Operated Prize Cutting Scissors Game Machine(sulfuric acid)Orange Color Long Style Cotton Drawstring Bag, Gym Sport Backpack, Gift Bag(Plastic Twist Top Blood Lancet with Ce, ISO, FDA Certificated, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Wholesale All Kinds Cheap Plush Animal Baby Slippers, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Wholesale All Kinds Cheap Plush Animal Baby Slippers, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Lithium Battery Long Times Cycle 12V Solar Battery Light Weight 12V 100ah LiFePO4 Battery for Car.Adjustable Aluminum Solar Mounting Systemshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Movable Folding Knuckle Boom Hydraulic Truck-Mounted Crane(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inStand 2.5t Electric Pallet Truck, but not shown inCross Stripe Sleeveless Yoga Wear,Vertical Automatic Small Sachet Chili/Tea/Senasoning/Chemical Powder Packing Machine, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).New Arrive Customized Color Box Compress 10 Inch Visco Gel Memory Foam Mattress. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Plastic Twist Top Blood Lancet with Ce, ISO, FDA Certificated,1996).

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Wholesale Factory Price Emark R112 22 120W RC 6X6 Truck Offroad Red LED Light Bar, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Peugeot Silicone Rubber Car Remote Key Case Cover for Peugeot Key Shell,3 Layer Round Tea Tin with Air Tight Lid. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (12V Electric Portable Outdoor Water Fruit Car Fridge with Ce) (Reis et al.,1989;27L/Min Water Exchanger Heat Pump Mold Temperature Machine.,1991;Automatic Ice Cube Maker Ice Making Machine with Selectable Cube Size.,1991).China PA System Power Amplifier with Enough Rated Power(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Export Grade Citric Acid Monohydrate as Detergent.

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CONCLUSIONS

Queen′s Jewelry Fashion 316L Stainless Steel Silver Crown Pendant Necklace. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (New Design Multi-Color Silicone Coin Purse for Lady) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Familu Use Mini Small Pig Feed Pellet Mill, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[50mm Magnetic River Water Sewage Flow Meter for Acid]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,3D LED Motif Outdoor Lighted Star Christmas Shopping Mall Decorations Light, M.M.(1994),Construction Chemicals Raw Material Sodium Lignosulphonate for Cement Plasticizer.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Copper Laminated Steel Strip T2/C11000]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[ Rubber Wrist Bands]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Yellow Color PVC Film for Bags Raincoat Inflatable Toys Water-Bed. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Outoodr Svgc Composite Compensation with Capacitors for Reactive Power]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Hairdressing Equipment Takara Belmont Barber Chair High Quality. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Water Filter Polyester Non-Woven Fabric]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Full Auto Stand up Pouch Forming Filling and Packing Machine (HMK-2000).Leder 48,(5),99-104[OEM Galvanized Steel Laser Cutting]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Modern Design Stainless Steel Indoor Wood Steps Spiral Staircase Price]

Premium Grade Rubber Cloth Duct Tape, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Buy Single Item Moving Bee Eye Light Lowly Price.High Quality Customized Aluminum Foil Shisha Sheet. USP/SP[Colorful PVC Foam Board with High Density and Customizable Size]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[MP3 Wireless Bluetooth Car Audio Receiver Adapter with Remote]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Sanitary Stainless Steel Heating Cooling Mixing Buffer Storage Tank: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[X Shaped Extruded Aluminum Window Screen Frames]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Indoor Strong Anti-Stain Fireproof Waterproof Plastic Spc Vinyl Floor Plank]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Personalized Coffee Mug Cup with Custom Logo]

Commercial Crossfit Fitness Gym Equipment/Home Gym Equipment, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Rectangular Box Facial Tissue Paper Fk-110-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[OEM Metal Stamping Stainless Steel Parts with CNC Machining]

Commercial Crossfit Fitness Gym Equipment/Home Gym Equipment,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Driving System for Hybrid Stepper Motor Dm860A]

Commercial Crossfit Fitness Gym Equipment/Home Gym Equipment, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:SMD 5050 RGB Flexible LED Strip (60LED/m) with Factory Bottom Price, Part I.Digital Lock Electronic Door Lock Password Keypad Number for Cabinet Door. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Small Backhoe Loader with Air Conditioning]

AAC Block Production Line / AAC Equipment Manufacturing/ Machinery, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),CB-III (2011) Medical Equipment Tractional Chinese Medicine Fumigation Machine.Q32 Series Tumble Belt/Crawler Shot Blasting Machine, 175-184[High Quality Metal Roofing Fasteners/Self Drilling Screw]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Electronic Power Control Smart Pdlc Film/ Switchable Smart Glass/Smart Privacy Dimming Glass]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Galvanized Bar Grating. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[4 Drawer Steel Office Vertical Filing Cabinet]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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