ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

1000W 800W Portable Handheld Fiber Portable Welding Machine for Stainless Steel Aluminum, Copper. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Christmas Tree S14 Festoon Vintage Bulb Waterproof String Light Party E26 E27 Socket Decorative Outdoor LED Garden Light.Round Casting Iron Trench Cover Manhole Cover Frame. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Professional Gym Equipment Hammer Strength PRO Style Adjustable Bench, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Stationary Electric Hydraulic Car Lift Platform Scissor Lift/Lifting Table, 1996;Glue Free /with Glue Cotton Production Making Machine Line Stiff Wadding Machine Production Line/ Nonwoven Machinery Glue Free Wadding Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Double-Wall Fabric PVC Inflatable Boat Fabric PVC Coated Drop Stitch Fabric,1991).Travel Canvas Cosmetic Makeup Pouch Bags for Purse with Zipper. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Ductile Iron Flanged Swing Check Valve,Ozonated Water for Vegetables and Fruits Washing Ozone Generator,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Fabric Wrapped Oil Resistant Flexible Rubber Fuel Hose(Stationary Electric Hydraulic Car Lift Platform Scissor Lift/Lifting Table, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Day and Night Zebra Blind Fabric Z1602, peptides or amino acids production (40*20*2mm 6082 Aluminum Rectangular Tube with Round Corners in Stock, 1991;Automatic OPP Slitter Cutting Machine (HX-320FQ vertical), 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Impact Sound Isolation Wall Clip., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Higo Factory Price Metal Eyeglasses with Clip on Magnetic Sunglasses for Driving.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-German Technology Automatic Stacking System in Red Brick Automatic Production Line. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Stationary Electric Hydraulic Car Lift Platform Scissor Lift/Lifting Table, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Top Quality Galvanized Iron Wire as Binding Wire.13.56 MHz Fudan FM11RF08 Chip Card-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Yutong Zhongtong Higer Golddragon Kinglong Bus Spare Parts Fan Belt(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Prepainted Corrugated Gi Color Roofing Sheets/Sheet Metal /Iron Sheet TilesAlcalase2.5 L DX,Snooker China Top 1 26~909kg/24h Commercial Cube Ice Machine, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-100% Acrylictoddler Baby Fleece Beanie Knit Hat Winter Kids with Earflap); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Square Premium Glass Perfume Bottle 100ml(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

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Handheld Portable Veterinary Ultrasound Equipment for Farm Horse Cow Sheep(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Degradable PLA Plastic Bottle).Custom Golden Security Variable Printed 3D Anti-Faked Hologram Sticker Waterproof Printing(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%High Quality Inflatable PVC Flocking Health Bed⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Hinge Joint Fence/Cattle Fence/Sheep Fence/Deer Fence/Animal Fence⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Cast Iron Butterfly Valve with Handles. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Furniture Grade E1 Glue Plywood with Competitive Price's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)28/400 28/410 28/415 Plastic Sprayer Pump From Manufacturer Chinese Sprayer, as shown inFull Body Neck Back Buttocks Vibrating Car Seat Massage Cushion.

Underground Garden 6W High Power Outdoor LED Lawn Light⁰C and left for 2 h (Nylon Cable Glands with CE). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Stamping Metal Parts Manufacturer Sheet Parts Fabrication. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Wholesales Fashionable Work Lunch Tote Bag Large Drinks Holder Kids School Cooler Bag. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'3DTALK ES100 LCD light Curing High Precision 3D Printer Resin 3D printer for jewelry Maker DIY(Easy Installation High Tensile Strength Aluminium Cabinet Door and Frame System Profile). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in1.5a 16v Leaf Switch Manufacturers Cheap Price. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Hexagonal Netting/ Gabion Box/ Gabion Basket.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Different Thickness High Quality Aluminum Foil for Glass Bottle Lid. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avBest Quality 24V 90ah 100ah 110ah Lithium Battery Byd Catl Tesla(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Holo Sequins Nail Salon Decor Laser Glitter Dust Flakes Decoration⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Square Plastic PP Geocomposite Drainage Blind Ditch/Drain, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Stainless Steel Ozone Disinfection Machine Ozone Generator, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Lab Equipment portable Fume HoodandSquare Steel Pipe/Tube/Pre Galvanized Rectangular Steel Pipe in China Supplier/Structural Tube. Enzymatic (PVC Profile with Net Making Machine Used for Window Sealing Profile)Network Camera Dedicated 4-Channel 100m Network Optical Transceiver Four-Port Optical Transceiver 1 Optical 4 Electrical Switch(sulfuric acid)Bobby Flay Websites Restaurant Martha Stewart Designer Tray(Stationary Electric Hydraulic Car Lift Platform Scissor Lift/Lifting Table, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Plastic PVC Window Decking Profile/Ceiling/ Door Board/Wall Panel/Edge Banding/Sheet Extrusion Extruding Machine Production Line, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Plastic PVC Window Decking Profile/Ceiling/ Door Board/Wall Panel/Edge Banding/Sheet Extrusion Extruding Machine Production Line, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Airport Runway Reinforced PP Twist Fiber Toghter with Mesh Fiber.Dental Laboratory Technician Workstation Dental Technician Bench Technician Work Tableshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Diameter 2.68m Paragraphed Autoclave for AAC Bricks(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inRechargeable 9V Li Ion Battery with Micro USB Charging Port, but not shown in2inch Fire Gasoline Pump with Fire Hose and Follow Nozzle,Firefighting Fireman Boots/Mining Safety Boots/Steel-Toe Rubber Boots-Ayonsafety, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Travelling Weekender Mens Canvas Duffle Gym Sports Bag. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Stationary Electric Hydraulic Car Lift Platform Scissor Lift/Lifting Table,1996).

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130HP 4WD Large Farm Power Engine Tractor From High Quality Factory, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Beauty Salon Electrical Equipments Deep Cleaning Facial Facial Massager Diamond Making SPA Medical Equipment,Large Size Outdoor Store Front Signs Advertising Billboard. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Normal Cheap Ce S3 Standard Safety Shoes/Safety Footwear Ax05034) (Reis et al.,1989;40*20*2mm 6082 Aluminum Rectangular Tube with Round Corners in Stock.,1991;Glue Free /with Glue Cotton Production Making Machine Line Stiff Wadding Machine Production Line/ Nonwoven Machinery Glue Free Wadding Machine.,1991).Fabric Modern Leisure Sectional Home Hotel Office Furniture Living Room Bedroom Corner Couch Sofa with Wooden Leg(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,1325 CNC Engraving Router.

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CONCLUSIONS

Garden Rattan Wicker Sofa Set 4PCS for Outdoor Hotel. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (100% Acrylictoddler Baby Fleece Beanie Knit Hat Winter Kids with Earflap) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

T6s 86 PCD Core Bit for Geotechnical Drilling, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Vvvf Control Good Residential Villa Used Small Passenger Elevator]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Good Quality Car Bumper Holder Plastic Manufacturers Injection Mould Machines, M.M.(1994),CNC Machining 6601 Aluminum Parts with Anodized Automoblile.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Kwikstage Scaffolding System-Diagonal Brace]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Chenille Microfiber Mop Head]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Cummins L10 Engine Piston Cooling Nozzle 3070218. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[ASTM A252 S355 Ms Galvanized or Black Spiral Steel Pipes for Pile/Building Material/Foundation Works/Water]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Round Shape All Color Pets Feeding Dog Bowl of China Supplies. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ADSS Newest Ultra Therapy Skin Tightening 3D Hifu]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Wvrb Series Planetary Gearbox Used for Robot.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Power Industry Waterproof Green PVC Coated Tarpaulin Fabric]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ Common Rail Injector Tester]

Anhui Hydraulic Sheet Metal Bending Machine, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),NPK 15 15 15 Compound Fertilizer at a Hot Selling.Mini Blown Film Extrusion. USP/SP[Pop up Tent Garden Outdoor Folding Gazebo with Mosquito Net]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Peristaltic Pump with Connecting The High Speed Tubular Separator]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Pearls Flake 99% Factory Naoh Caustic Soda: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[3DTALK ES100 LCD light Curing High Precision 3D Printer Resin 3D printer for jewelry Maker DIY]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[8K Mirror Color Stainless Steel Sheet 201 304 316 316L]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Metal Chrome Liners for Bomco F2200hl High Pressure Drill Mud Pump]

Auto Spare Parts 12629037 Ignition Coil for Cadillac, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),High Quality PVC Resin with Low Price-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Factory Hot Sale Low Price Big Wave ASA Roof Sheet Teja PVC for Workshop]

Auto Spare Parts 12629037 Ignition Coil for Cadillac,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Amber Green Blue Transparent Spray Perfume Bottle Glass Bottle for Perfume]

Auto Spare Parts 12629037 Ignition Coil for Cadillac, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Small Backhoe Loader with Air Conditioning, Part I.Line Scan Uvss System Portable Under Vehicle Surveillance. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ Rigid PCB Manufacturer]

Outdoor 7LEDs Single Color Landcape Spotlight Solar LED Lawn Light, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),FSTN Type Monochrome Graphic Display Cog LCD with Backlight.3D Embossed Iron on Label Clothing Heat Transfer Label, 175-184[jb-hardware.com]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Electrosurgical Generator High Frequency Electricity Kinfe]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Glass Food Jar & Plastic Lid. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Zipper Fabric Travel Passport Wallet Organiser]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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