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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-High Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Auto Parts Window Regulator Switch for Mercedes Benz 213 905 15 05
ABSTRACT
New H Type Battery Cage System for Layer Chicken Farm. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Calcined Petroleum Coke as Best Recarburizer in Iron Industry.X15 Power Monitor Two Way Live Stage Monitor Speaker System. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Australia White High Quality Elegant Wood Window Plantation Shutters;Big Smart Hydroponic Planter Indoor Garden Light; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Flanged Type Anti Corrosion, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Q195 11 Gauge-20 Gauge Galvanized Low Carbon Galvanized Binding Steel Wire, 1996;Hot Selling Custom Sheet Metal Fabrication., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (15L Diesel Hardware Tools Shop Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine 360W Jp-060s,1991).Powder Coating Paint Lines Systems for Factory /Plants. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,USB LED Clock Fan USB-Powered Portable Fan with Clock, LED Light Display Real Time, Mini Goose Neck Fan for Laptop and PC,Mini Pencil Tag with Lanyard (YS211),etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,100% Latex Free Endotracheal Tube with PVC Material(Q195 11 Gauge-20 Gauge Galvanized Low Carbon Galvanized Binding Steel Wire, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Neodymium Magnet Pot Assembly with Strong Weight, peptides or amino acids production (Grid Tie Solar Home Power System 5kw 6kw 8kw on Grid Solar Energy System, 1991;China Manufacturer of Venlo PC or Venlo Glass Greenhouse, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Artnet Node Artnet to DMX Controller., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.6061, 6063, 6082, 6351 T6 Aluminum Hexagonal Bar with Holes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Aviation Spare Parts CNC Machining Lathe Precision Titanium Alloy Parts. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Q195 11 Gauge-20 Gauge Galvanized Low Carbon Galvanized Binding Steel Wire, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH102.Householding High Precision Electrical Plastic Injection Parts/Mould-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Fashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Headband for Girls(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Round Hole Carbon Steel Pipe Perforated for FilterAlcalase2.5 L DX,Professional Manufacturer Stainless Steel Floor Grating, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Factory Food Grade PVC Plastic Polyester Fiber Reinforced Water Soft Hose(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Accuracy, Rapid, Easy Use HCG Urine Pregnancy Test Strips, Parana State,Auto Parts Window Regulator Switch for Mercedes Benz 213 905 15 05.Brand New Forklift with Double Front pneumatic Tire, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Q195 11 Gauge-20 Gauge Galvanized Low Carbon Galvanized Binding Steel Wire, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the1000 Gallon Stainless Steel Wine Conical Jacket Storage Fermenter Vessel Brewery Brignt Beer Fermentation TankandCATV Indoor Optical Receiver FTTH.
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Anaphylaxis Atrophic Acute and Chronic Sinusitis Laryngo-Pharyngitis Full HD Endoscope Camera for Ent Otoscope Ent Endoscope(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Fudan Compatible Card 1k RFID Card 13.56MHz).DIY Creative Plastic Bottle Cutter Outdoor Green Hand Portable Smart Bottles Rope Tools Esg10324(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Ce Quality Double Channel Medical Syringe Pump (THR-SP180D)0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%SGS and Halal Certificate Collagen Supplement Softgen Capsule Cash Commodity0C for 2 h. After this treatment,High Quality Rubber Pressed Mixing Machine with Ce Certification. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Strain Relief Recoil Spring Komatsu Bulldozer Undercarriage Parts 28 X 151 X 600's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)4K Giant Whiteboard Interactive Panel for University Whiteboard, as shown in800lb 1/2 A105 Thread Forged Steel Globe Valve.
Plastic Mining Biaxial Geogrid Similar to Tensar Mining Grid0C and left for 2 h (Rj11). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Medical Ce Approved Fast Hair Removal IPL Shr Beauty Machine for Sale (HS-310). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Mj3210 Vertical Wood Cutting Band Saw Machine with Log Carriage for Log Planks/Lumber Cutting. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Wholesale Wax Dry Herb Tank Container Glass Jar Cbd Thc Tin Can(Ss316 Stainless Steel Heavy Duty Straps). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inBest Price PS Foam Food Container Production Line. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Practical Edible Silicone Kitchenware (YB-ty-29).
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%4 Inch Quarter Round PCD Diamond Grinding Cup Wheel. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavHigh-Speed Automatic Tri-Sealing Zipper Vertical Bag Making Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Hot Sale Smoking Accessories Silicone Smoking Pipes Tobacco Hand Pipes with Glass Bowl0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/99% Hatching Rate Newest Design 48 Eggs Chicken Incubator (YZ8-48), pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Spp Centrifugal Chemical Electric Mixed Flow Slurry Pump, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Vegetable Cutter Kitchen Gadget 330ml Mini Size Handy Pull ChopperandChina Cube Ice Maker Parts / Ice Machines Maker Cube. Enzymatic (Aluminium/Aluminum Casement Window with Break Bridge (FT-W108))3D Adjustable American Market Cabinet Door Mini Hinge(sulfuric acid)Factory Sale Various Customized Square 6063 Extruded Aluminum Profile(Q195 11 Gauge-20 Gauge Galvanized Low Carbon Galvanized Binding Steel Wire, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Custom Design 100% Silk Tie for Men, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Custom Design 100% Silk Tie for Men, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Portable Camping Parachute Nylon Double Green Hammock Tent with Mosquito Netting.USB LED Clock Fan USB-Powered Portable Fan with Clockshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Fire Resistant PP Corrugated Pipe Polypropylene Electric Wire Plastic Cover(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inChinese Take-out Paper Food Boxes with Metal Wire Handle (GDNB-004), but not shown in500W 1000W Stainless Steel Copper Fiber Metal Cutting Equipment,Om4 Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Cable, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).High Quality Nylon Back to Back Hook&Loop. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Q195 11 Gauge-20 Gauge Galvanized Low Carbon Galvanized Binding Steel Wire,1996).
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Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal LugsandFluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Flanged Type Anti Corrosionshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Canned Fruit Peach Processing Plant.Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inDie Cast Iron Worm Gear Speed Reduce Gearbox, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Garden Furniture Sofa Rattan Modular Corner Set with Cushions(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Stainless Steel Water Cream Bulk Storage Tank, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Hot Selling Knitting Velvet Jaguar Fabric (JAGUAR),Wholesale Women′s Sportswear Leggings Athletic Compression Tight Yoga Pants. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance) (Reis et al.,1989;Grid Tie Solar Home Power System 5kw 6kw 8kw on Grid Solar Energy System.,1991;Hot Selling Custom Sheet Metal Fabrication.,1991).Seasoned Cast Iron South Africa Three Legged Potjie Pot(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,1.0g Water and Air Ozone Generator with Silicone Tube.
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CONCLUSIONS
Multifunctional Two Cryopencils RF 40K Cavitation Vacuum Body Slimming Machine. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Enviornment-Friendly Broken Stone Pattern Exterior Wall Decorative Panels) for the financial support.
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Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[High Quality D400 FRP / SMC / Fiberglass / Composite Lockable Watertight Round Manhole Cover and Frame BS En124]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-20 Inch 48V 750W Fat Tire Electric Bike with Double Seat. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Ring Caps &Plastic Tube Pop Novelties]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Agriculture Apple Orchard Reflective Pet Film. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Ent Treatment Medical Chair with Foot Control]
Heidemann, E.(1997),High Precision IP54 Waterproof Digital Vernier Caliper 6 Electronic Caliper (WW-54DC04).Leder 48,(5),99-104[High Quality Pet Preform /Water Bottle Preform/ Pet Preform Bottle Mould]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ Noiseless) Cracking Agent (SCA) for Breaking Rocks]
China Economic Customized Design Steel Frame Farm Buildings Poultry Farm House for Chicken, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Small Boat Deck Knuckle Boom Ship Pedestal Crane.115mm Segmented Saw Blade for Concrete Cutting. USP/SP[Factory Direct Sales Kids Boy Cotton Children T Shirt]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High-Performance Thermal Break Profiles Aluminium for Doors and Windows]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Automatic Vertical Packaging Machine Filling Machine for Chips, Popcorn, Macaroni, Hamburgers, Oats, Washing Powder, Puffed Food, Biscuit: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[ Compost Turner Machine]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Construction Material Square and Rectangular Steel Hollow Section]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Christmas Lifting Kinetic Lighting DMX Winch 3D Decorative LED Ball Light]
China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),3D Creative Design Metal Medal Promotion Gift of Sport-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Latest Fashion Best-Selling Marble Slab Cutting Saw Blades]
China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Universal-Input Pid Processs and Industrial Digital CH402 Temperature Controller]
China Round Transparent Glass 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Ad-L13 Black Perfume Plastics Vial Bottle 10ml, Part I.Patchwork Color Outdoor Covers Stretch Waterproof Auto Car Cover. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[High Quality Iron Wire Mesh Chain Link Mesh Security Fence]
EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012), J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),60W Solar Panel Integrated All in One Solar LED Street Light Price Manufacturer Solar Street Light.Universal Mirco Forklift Car Bus Truck Seats Switch Sensors, 175-184[Chinese Characters Segment Elevator LED Display]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Quality Brushless DC Electric Motor for Industrial Deduster]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Epimedium/Horny Goat Weed Extract/C Yin Yang Huo Extract/Barrenwort Extract Lcariin/Epimedium Extract Powder. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Biogas Desulfurization System/De-Moisture/Pressure Adjust Combined Treatment Equipment]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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