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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Zs Round Vibrating Sieve. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Stainless Steel Tactile Paving Blind Road Stud


ABSTRACT

70L Lab Use Refrigerated Circulator Chiller Factory Price. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Packaging Machine Automatic Weighing Filling Machine (AH-FJJ 100/300/500).Roller Hearth Heating Furnace for Gas Cylindrer. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Hotel Card Door Lock Access Control Safe Door Lock, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Breathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer, 1996;Stainless Steel DIN7981 Pan Head Self Tapping Screw., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (19*15W RGBW Beam DJ Disco Stage Light LED Moving Head Light Ce RoHS,1991).Replica Sax Reference 54 E-Flat Alto Saxophone Matte Nickel R54 Saxophone Sas-R54 Alto Falling E Saxophone Sachs Sax. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Dark Green Decorative Garden Welded Wire Mesh Fencing,Csm DIY Microscope for Kids/Toy Microscope,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Oak Veneer Laminated Plywood for Decoration(Breathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,China Factory Produce Custom Logo Printed Cotton Terry Baby Neck Bib, peptides or amino acids production (Hot Sale High Precision Valve Block Hydraulic Flow Control Valve 1wfl, 1991;High Speed HDMI Cable Wholesale HDMI with Ethernet, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Engineer Recommendation Disposable PS Packing Box Mechanical Arm Forming Machine., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.High Quality Women′s Suit in Reasonable Price.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Pet Short Fiber Non Woven Geotextile for Landfill Filtration. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Breathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Brown /Black /Red Film Faced Plywood Shuttering Poplar Core Waterproof.Competitive Price Sodium Gluconate as Concrete Admixture-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Precision Investment Casting Stainless Steel 304 Wire Rope Hook(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

AC-1325A-20 Automatic Feeding and Cutting Machine Center of Ball Screw for FurnitureAlcalase2.5 L DX,Custom Die Casting Aluminium Product for Connector Usage, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Stainless Steel Balustrade/Pillar/Column); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Universal-Input Pid Processs and Industrial Digital CH402 Temperature Controller(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

PP/Pet Woven Geotextile for Road Construction, Parana State,Stainless Steel Tactile Paving Blind Road Stud.Lamella Clarifier in Industrial Wastewater Treatment, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Breathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the5.5X19mm Hex Head Self Tapping Screws with WasherandProfessional Customization Screen Printing Machine for Porous Ceramic.

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FPC Hotbar Soldering with Exposed Lead Flex for PCB Soldering(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (FPC Hotbar Soldering with Exposed Lead Flex for PCB Soldering).Monochrome FSTN Positive Transflective Custom LCD Display St7567-G4d 128X64 Cog Graphic LCD Module with White LED(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Outdoor COB OEM Solar LED Street Light with Motion Sensor 12V 70W 90W Solar LED Street Lamp Solar Lights0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Candle Cups Patterned Glass Candle Holders Festival Decoration Glass Candlestick0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Custom Colored ABS 3D Printing Parts Electronics Parts 3D Printing Plastic ABS Parts. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)IS Type Cast Iron Chemical Industrial Pump's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Hot Sale Automatic French Fries Production Line Fresh Potato Chips Making Machine, as shown inProfessional Exporter of Wheat Flour Mill Plant (80t).

Custom Grooved Quartz Plate Deep Processing0C and left for 2 h (Ce Quality Double Channel Medical Syringe Pump (THR-SP180D)). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Hot Sale CNC Router Machine for Wood Cutting (1325). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Efficient HDPE LDPE Polypropylene Film Blowing Machine Strech Film Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'50g Body Luxury King Crown Cosmetic Containers(Oscillating Knife Cutting Machine EVA/Foam/Cardboard Cutter Plotter). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in5L/6L Aluminum CO2 Gas Cylinder for Beverage. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Custom Logo Stainless Steel Quality Wrist Quartz Watch for Men.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Mini Succulent Planters, Cactus Pots with Wooden Cement Pot. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavPaper Egg Box Forming Molding Production Line/ Egg Tray Machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Tan Color Strip Aluminum and Glass Mosaic for Wall (M855330)0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/CNC Metal Grinding Machine Tool Mk2120, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Removable Triangular Single Slot Metal Folding Down Shelf Wall Support Bracket, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Automatic Thermoforming Making Machine for Plastic Egg/Battery/Fruit/Cake/Fast-Food Tray ContainerandHot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit. Enzymatic (Cast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM)12V Electric Winch with 2500lb Pulling Capacity for Lifting / Portable Electric Winch(sulfuric acid)Hydraulic Electric Stationary Car Platform Scissor Elevator Lift(Breathable Ankle Support Protector Brace Sleeve Ce ISO FDA Manufacturer, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Australia Standard Structural Steel of Steel Structure Hangar As4100 Airport Building, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Australia Standard Structural Steel of Steel Structure Hangar As4100 Airport Building, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

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Gradient Print Overlay Push Button Membrane Keypad SwitchandGlass Tea Sugar Coffee Storage Jar with Screw Capshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Remy Human Hair Straight 1b#613 Full Lace/Lace Front Wig on Sale.High Quaity China Supplier Truck Trailer Auto Car Accessories, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inTeflon Seal/Seals Spring Energized, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Factory Manufacturers Uni-Loose Tube All Dielectric Optical Cable GYFXTY-Fg 2-24 Fiber Drop Cable(Condell et al.,1993) .

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CONCLUSIONS

Biodegradable Disposible Straw Pulp Food Box Ppp-1007. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Stainless Steel Balustrade/Pillar/Column) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

T5557 T5567 T5577 ATA5577 Thin Card Security Thin RFID Chip Card, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Ike All-in-One Food Dehydrators Hot Sale High Temperature Meat&Fruit Alfalfa Drying Machine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Biogas Desulfurization System/De-Moisture/Pressure Adjust Combined Treatment Equipment, M.M.(1994),NBR Latex Adhesive for Glove.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[99% Purity Serms Steroids Megestrol Acetate CAS 595-33-5]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Durable TPR Pet Molar Toy with Colorful Rope]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Cheap Wooden House Zinc Plated Angle Bracket. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[12V Battery Power DC Mini Air Pump for Sphygmomanometer Dqb370-B]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),4.2mm 4.8mm Black/Grey Phosphated Drywall Screw with Bugle Head. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Agriculture Hay Silage Wrapping Film]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Rammer 1322 555 Scaler Hydraulic Breaker Seal Kit for Rammer 1322 555 Scaler Hydraulic Hammer Repair Kit]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Solar Photovoltaic Connector Mc4 Connector for Solar System (PV-MC4)]

Chromium Oxide Green 99% for Construction and Plastics, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw.Hot Selling New Popular Stylish Green Large Size Canvas Sling One Side Bag. USP/SP[High-Speed Automatic Tri-Sealing Zipper Vertical Bag Making Machine]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Machinery Parts Aeroplane Engine CNC Milling]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Lift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washer: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Factory Direct Sale Patent up to Down Rubber Tile Curing Press]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[G80 Red Painted Clevis Grab Hook for Chain Lifting]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Imirootree Wholesale Empty 100ml Amber Glass Cosmetic Jar]

500 PC Car Body Aluminum Fasteners Trim Moulding Clip Rivet, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam Mattress-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Steel Pipe Rust Removal Shot Blasting Cleaning Machine]

500 PC Car Body Aluminum Fasteners Trim Moulding Clip Rivet,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Mining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Marble]

500 PC Car Body Aluminum Fasteners Trim Moulding Clip Rivet, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebook, Part I.HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Buddhist Mood Picture Wallpaper Murals]

Swbf-17b6s 6 Die 6 Blow Bolt Former Machine, Bolt Machine, Screw Machine, Heading Machine, Multi-Station Cold Heading Machine, Automatic Bolt, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Von Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable.Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs, 175-184[Custom Awards Medal High Quality Supplier]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Outdoor Garden Furniture Baby Plastic Swing for Sale]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Rigid PVC Foam Board for FRP Marine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Electric Manual Ice Crusher Ice Shaver Industrial Ice Machine]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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