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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Best Price Plastic Spc Click PVC Vinyl Flooring for 5mm, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (White Pattern Acrylic Sheet for Decoration Produced by Senpu, 1996;Auto Parts Durable Iridium Spark Plug OEM 5303 Ik16., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (SS316 Easy Install Quick Clean Motorized Sanitary Ball Valve with Tri Clamp Ends,1991).Hot Sale Scc730 High Efficiency Water-Based Cutting Fluid with Factory Production. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,110V 220V Adult Toy Soft Silicone Female Magic Wand Vibrator,Supply 20-110mm PP Reducing Tee for Pipe Systems,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,5 Gallon Pure Water Bottle Non-Spill Cap(White Pattern Acrylic Sheet for Decoration Produced by Senpu, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Factory Supply AS/NZS 1577 Australia Kwikstage Scaffolding Steel Planks, peptides or amino acids production (7 Color LED Facial Mask Neck Mask LED Photon Mask for Skin Care, 1991;Solid Carbide Single Flute End Mills Oblique Angle Cutting, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;High Quality Screw Tools Tungsten Carbide Shaped Cold Heading Dies., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.ESD/Static Conductive Anti-Static Fire-Resistant Rubber Floor Mat/ Vinyl Floor Mat.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-400m/Min Shaft Less Slitting Machine for BOPP Pet OPP Films. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (White Pattern Acrylic Sheet for Decoration Produced by Senpu, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Small Capacity Automatic Cup Filling Machine.Seasoned Cast Iron South Africa Three Legged Potjie Pot-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Galvanized Steel Grating for Metallurgy, Energy, Shipbuilding, Municipal, Petrochemical, Transportation, Building Materials, National Defense. 255(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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20cm Titanium Aluminum Stainless Steel Non Stick Fry Pan on Sale(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (460g Good Tensile Strength PU Fiberglass Thermal Insulation Fabric).30100-90063 30199-90064 30100-90208 Auto Parts Clutch Disc for Nissan Toyota Hino Isuzu(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%High Efficiency Automatic Multihead Weigher Packing Machine for Raisin/Legume⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Daytai 1550nm External Modulation Optical Transmitter 1550 -50km⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,PE100 Plasitc Pipe for Gas Water Chemcial Sewage System. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Hot Promotion Indian Market Underwear Adhesive Glue's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)700 Bar Hydraulic Stressing Jack Pump Hydraulic Power Pack Unit, as shown inMaking Machine for EVA Soft Hose.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%High Quality Aluminum Carpet Topping Stage Platform. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avBY60100C type metal shaping machine/hydraulic shaper machine(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.China Spplier 70W Solar Street Light with Camera Monitoring System⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Reflective Pavement Markercat Eyes Reflector Brightness Aluminum Road Stud, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Office Supplies Flexible Plastic Writing Clip Board PP Foam Clipboard, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

High Quality Crawler Excavator Track Bolt 3p2274andAnti-Counterfeiting Adhesive Seal Tamper Evident Security Warranty Void Tape. Enzymatic (Excavated Caterpillar Loader Mining Tunnel Loader Mucking Loader)Sy09-05-003 Rubber Pet Grooming Massage Dog Cleaning Brush(sulfuric acid)Easy Installed Microwave Drying Equipment for Fish /Shrimp/Seafood for Small Factory(White Pattern Acrylic Sheet for Decoration Produced by Senpu, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Masturbators Adult Sex Toys Japanese Love Doll, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Masturbators Adult Sex Toys Japanese Love Doll, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Cheap 20tons LPG Semi Trailers Gas Tank Transport Trailer for Sale.China Manufacturer Mini Cultivator for Small or Garden Farmingshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Carbon Steel Spherical Plain Radical Bearings(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in700 Bar Hydraulic Stressing Jack Pump Hydraulic Power Pack Unit, but not shown inFj22082mabts 225mm 220V AC Power Amplifier Cooling Fan,Electrostatic Powder Color Coating Steel Coil Plate High Quality Z30-Z220 PVDF High Tensile High Strength, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).12V 24V 36V 72V 84V Customized Lithium Ion LiFePO4 Battery Charger for E-Bike. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (White Pattern Acrylic Sheet for Decoration Produced by Senpu,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Hot Sell Electro Hydraulic Synchronous CNC Press Brake Kcn-30032. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Amplifier Tube Glass Vacuum Tube (833C)) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

AISI 304 / 316 Stainless Steel Braided PTFE Hose Pipe, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Dnv Gl BV Certified Painted and Galvanized 8FT Offshore Container]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,40mm (1-5/8′′) Carbide Oscillating Finger Grisp Rasp Tool Blade, M.M.(1994),UV Protected Fireproof Fresh PE Plastic Artificial Fake Green Wall Plant Panel Bushes Leaf Foliage Flower Privacy Vertical Garden Hedge Grass Fence Screen.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[3 Thickness HVAC Egg Crate Grille Aluminum Egg Crate Sheet]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[3000mm Sliding Table Panel Saw with 45 Degree Cutting MDF]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Forged Steel Pressure Sealed Bonnet Globe Valve. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Gold Glass Dropper Bottle 20ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Spray Bottle]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Stable Adjustable Monitor Mounts Folding LCD Monitor Stand. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Rutile Anatase Titanium Dioxide for Coating and Paints]

Heidemann, E.(1997),CL2T-CBL06 Comlom Stainless Steel Pocket Multi Tool Pliers for Camping.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Automatic Extrusion Blow Moulding Machine For 5 Gallon Pc Bottle]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Pneumatic Shuttle Valve Flange Ends]

Pneumatic Shuttle Valve Flange Ends, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Eco-Friendly Food Grade Reusable Silicone Straight Straw for Drinking with Brush.Manual Double Bridge Glass Cutting Table Machine (JFQG-2620). USP/SP[Clear Drug Packaging Custom Printed Recloseable Medicine Plastic Bag]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Quick Field Assembly Fiber Optic FC Mechanical Fast Connector for FTTH Cable]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-2018 New Design Red-CNC-006 CNC Machining Aluminum Precision: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Full-Automatic Folding Napkin Paper Machine]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[m.pulp-cleaner.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Magnetic Latching Relay for Health Life]

China Factory Price Hg1 Self Adjustable Pipe Tank Rotator, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),High Quality Crawler Excavator Track Bolt 3p2274-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Srfloor Plastic Flooring Interlock Suspended Outdoor PP Tiles]

China Factory Price Hg1 Self Adjustable Pipe Tank Rotator,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[China OEM ABS Clear Plastic Injection Molding]

China Factory Price Hg1 Self Adjustable Pipe Tank Rotator, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:SS304/316 Food Grade Sanitary Pipe Fitting Welded 45 Degree Elbow by 420 Grit, Part I.Automatic CNC Centerless Lathe for Peeling Steel Round Bar. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ Soda Ash Dense]

High Quality 7FT Boundary Wall Fence Design Diamond Mesh Metal Fence, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Ck6150 High Precision Metal Machining Horizontal CNC Lathe.Fire Protection Red Painted Ductile Iron Grooved Pipe Fitting, 175-184[Ppr Glass Fiber Tube]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Quality 45W 50W Commercial Recessed COB LED Downlight]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Common Code Choke, Inductor, Line Filter, Ring Coil, Inductor, Choke Coil. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Custom Clear Foldable Printing PP/PVC/Pet Plastic Packaging Box]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Carbide Mould Parts Moulding PartsAuthor for correspondence