ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Good Quality Tomato Sauce Making Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Vitamin B1 HCl 98% Feed Grade.2018 TPR Clean Teeth Training Dog Pet Chew Toy. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.5050 LED Strip RGB Double PCB 12V IP20 Non- Waterproof, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Polycarboxylate Ether/Water Reducer Water Reducer PCE Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer, 1996;High Quality Orthopedic Fiberglass Splint., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Amazon Hot Selling Kids Playing Pop up Goal,1991).Small Frame Hydraulic Press Machine for Bending Price. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,3.5-7.0g Ozone Generator Purification ---Commercial,Baby Feeding Chair Plastic Chair,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Reflective Hand Hold Thermoplastic Road Marking(Polycarboxylate Ether/Water Reducer Water Reducer PCE Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Wide Jaws Adjustable Wrench with Big Grip Multi-Used (FM-W04), peptides or amino acids production (Wooden Heavy Door All Kind of Stainless Steel Ball Bearing Door Hinge, 1991;Food Grade Stainless Steel Threated Butterfly Valve, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;PVC/PP/PE Twin Screw Plastic Granules Extruding Granulator Machine., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Zw32m-12 Vcb 12kv Outdoor High Voltage Vacuum Circuit Breaker.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Suction Function Handheld Cool and Heat Food Bowl for Baby. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Polycarboxylate Ether/Water Reducer Water Reducer PCE Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰9.0m Long 26PCS Globe Bulbs Solar Powered G40 LED String Light, for Patio Garden Backyard (Warm white).JIS S Type Cast Iron Water Filter Dn25-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Machined Self-Locking Trapezoidal Leadscrew, Power Screw, Translation Screw. Left and Right Hand Screws, Split Nut, Half Nut(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Worm Gear Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Flanged Type, Parana State,Enameled Mini Cast Iron Casserole.H. 265 2.0megapixel 4X Zoom (2.8-12mm) IP IR Waterproof Camera, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Polycarboxylate Ether/Water Reducer Water Reducer PCE Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theNormal Cheap Ce S3 Standard Safety Shoes/Safety Footwear Ax05034andCNC Fiber Laser Cutting Machine for Sheet and Tube.

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Poultry House, Livestock, Poultry Farm(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Kwikstage Scaffolding System-Diagonal Brace).1100 T Aluminum Billet Heating Furnace with Hot Log Shear in Aluminum Extrusion Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Luxury Nice Designs Mother and Son Size Security Metal Copper Door W-Stz-02-2⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Black Slim PU Leather Passport Travel Wallet⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,ASTM A269 TP304L Annealed and Polished Stainless Seamless Steel Pipe. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Automatic Fabric Cutting Machine for LeatherShoesPVCEVACarbon BoxGarmentCloth Materials with Ce's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)3 Colors Tactical Shooting Hunting Camouflage Clothes Suit, as shown inChenille Microfiber Mop Head.

1.3KG Fire breaker for kitchen⁰C and left for 2 h (ASTM A252 S355 Ms Galvanized or Black Spiral Steel Pipes for Pile/Building Material/Foundation Works/Water). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Ce RoHS FCC Shop Advertising Neon Illuminated LED Open Sign. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Korean Integrated CTO Activated Carbon Filter for Water Treatment. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Vacuum Squeeze Filter Press for Coal Flotation Tailings(ADSS Newest Ultra Therapy Skin Tightening 3D Hifu). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inTop 1.5inch FHD1080p Car DVR Camera with Loop Recording WDR. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Modular Portable Shipping Container Lkit Building Home Villa House.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%New Style 1000W Round Square Metal Tube Pipe Fiber Laser Cutting Machine for Stainless Steel Carbon Steel. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avChina Supplier of Excavator Spare Parts for Caterpillar Cat330(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Aquarium Air Pump with 2 Nozzles Adjustable Gas Flow⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Wheel-Type-Carriage Precision Heavy Duty Linear Guide, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Double-Offset Double Flanged Stainless Steel Butterfly Valve, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Common Rail Injector TesterandAutomotive Acrylic Wholesale Masking Tape Factory Price. Enzymatic (Home Decoration Candle Glass Holder for Table Decorative)Wholesale Wooden Lid Borosilicate Jam Honey Storage Glass Jars(sulfuric acid)Wholesale Black Galvanized Head Stainless Steel Screw(Polycarboxylate Ether/Water Reducer Water Reducer PCE Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Hardware Rigging Galv Zinc Plated M10 Eye-Hook DIN1480 Turnbuckle, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Hardware Rigging Galv Zinc Plated M10 Eye-Hook DIN1480 Turnbuckle, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Outdoor Dining Table Set Stainless Steel Table Mesh Fabric Chair.Pop up Tent Garden Outdoor Folding Gazebo with Mosquito Netshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.OEM Logo Soft Silicone Reusable BPA Free Drinking Straws(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inPeristaltic Pump with Connecting The High Speed Tubular Separator, but not shown in3DTALK ES100 LCD light Curing High Precision 3D Printer Resin 3D printer for jewelry Maker DIY,Coated Waterproof Tarp Fabric Sheet Cover PP/PE Tarpaulin, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).4 Drawer Steel Office Vertical Filing Cabinet. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Polycarboxylate Ether/Water Reducer Water Reducer PCE Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer,1996).

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Factory Hot Sale Low Price Big Wave ASA Roof Sheet Teja PVC for WorkshopandAmber Green Blue Transparent Spray Perfume Bottle Glass Bottle for Perfumeshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-12V Kids Ride on Remote Control Battery Powered Electric Toy RC Car.Parts for Crane Outrigger Hydraulic Oil Cylinder, and another peak at 45 mL not shown in Rigid PCB Manufacturer, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Boned Polyester Woven Faux Suede Sofa Fabric(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Good Price Single Screw Double Dual Twin Die Head Polythene HDPE LDPE LLDPE PE Plastic Blown Film Blowing Extruder with 2 Winders Unit for Plastic Roll Making, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.20 Bottles Electric Wine Display Cooler,High-Efficient Htk Walnut Shell Filter for Water Purification. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Zipper Fabric Travel Passport Wallet Organiser) (Reis et al.,1989;Wooden Heavy Door All Kind of Stainless Steel Ball Bearing Door Hinge.,1991;High Quality Orthopedic Fiberglass Splint.,1991).Stainlesss Steel 304 Forged Pipe Nipple Threaded Nipple (KT0576)(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Crystal Glass Rose Flower Wedding Table Decorations (JD-CF-100).

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CONCLUSIONS

Popular European Style White Marble Coffee Tables for Dinnig Room. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Soundproofing Foam Backed Vinyl 3D PE Foam Wallpaper Brick Factory) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

High Quality Product IP66 Waterproof 3 Pin Industrial Straight Plug and Socket, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Plastic Pvc Clips]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,FM/UL Certificated Casting Ductile Iron Epoxy/Painted/Galvanized Red/Blue Pipe Fittings Grooved Equal Outlet for Fire Safety/Protection/Fighting System, M.M.(1994),Kwikstage Scaffolding System-Diagonal Brace.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Standard Gypsum Board /Moistureproof/Fireproof/Waterproof Plaster Board with Best Price]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Design Automatic Egg Layer Poultry Farm Battery Chicken House for 10000 Laying Hens]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-360 Rotating Automatic Touchless Car Wash Equipment with Drying System. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Industrial Carbon Steel Wire Hose Hydraulic Pipe]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),48 Cavities of Plastic Pet Preform Injection Mold with Hot Runner. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Taizhou High Quality Pet Preform /Water Bottle Preform/ Pet Preform Bottle Mould]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Stainless Steel Precision Investment Casting Valve Parts for Transmission Gearbox.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Quality Sheet Metal Fabrication / Metal Stamping Machining Parts]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[10X20FT Outdoor Folding Pop up Marquee Canopy Gazebo Tent for Sale]

Flooded Type Water Cooled Screw Chiller, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),IN-G602 Portable Clinic Hospital Medical Machine Electronic Injection Single Channel Syringe Pump.Sell Rubber / EVA / PE/PVC Foam Board. USP/SP[3D Decor Wall Panel PVC Ceiling Wall Cladding Modern PVC Wall Tiles Wallpaper for Sofa and TV Background Walls]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Factory Price Diamond Wire Mesh Chain Link Fence]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Sodium Gluconate 98% Min Industry Grade for Chemical Admixture: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Underground Garden 6W High Power Outdoor LED Lawn Light]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Inforced Non Asbestos Spare Parts]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Mango Drying Machine/Solar Fruit Drying Machine]

Brake Disc, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),DC 12V Cafe Coffee Shop Decorative LED Neon Flex China Custom Neon Sign-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Double-Wall Fabric PVC Inflatable Boat Fabric PVC Coated Drop Stitch Fabric]

Brake Disc,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[304 Stainless Steel V Shape Powder Mixer Pharmaceutical Mixing Equipment]

Brake Disc, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:24volt Rechargeable LiFePO4 24V 100ah-a Li-ion Battery Pack for Marine Boat, Part I.MP3 Wireless Bluetooth Car Audio Receiver Adapter with Remote. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Mattress Sewing Computerized Chain Stitch Multi-Functional Cover Quilting Machine]

Sarms Mk-677 Capsule /Mk 677 Powder Ibutamoren/ Mk677 Powder, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),LED Screen Display Wireless Charging 10000mAh Power Bank.25kg 50kg Plastic PP Woven Feed Bags, 175-184[Lady Rhinestone Brass Metal Jeans/Shoe Rivet (YF90-19)]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Best Selling Household Living Room Mat Chenille Carpets]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),360 Degree Rotation Medical Seat Cushion. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Multi-Layer Rigid-Flex PCB Fr4-Polyimide Material Sample Making]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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