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Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Copper Laminated Steel Strip T2/C11000. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Halal Empty Gelatin Capsule for Medicine


ABSTRACT

Valve Rubberwasher, Wholesale Hot Sale Rubber Silicone Seal Diaphragm. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Gym Fitness Exercise Sporting Body Building Bicep Press.Chinese Forklift Hydraulic Manual Fd30 3 Ton Forklift Truck. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Metal Steel Frame Membrane Structure Car Parking Shed Cover Design;Jm305 Hot Sell Single Bowl Kitchen Sink with Small Size; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.300X800mm 3D Ink-Jet Ceramic Interior Bathroom Wall Tile, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Integrated LED Solar Street Sensor Light with Sensor Control for Highway 10W/20W/30W/40W/50W/60W, 1996;Polyester Dust Sport Gym Fabric Shoes Drawstring Bag., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Furniture Drawer Factory 2 Drawer Dresser Bedside Cabinet,1991).1.5 Inch Dn40 48.3mm Scaffolding Tube Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe Price. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Servo System Double Action 1000 Ton Hydraulic Deep Draw Press Machine Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink Manufacturing Machine,Chuke 20W Optical Fiber Laser Marking Machine Printer Engraver,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Fiberglass GRP FRP Sectional Assembling SMC Panel Water Storage Tank(Integrated LED Solar Street Sensor Light with Sensor Control for Highway 10W/20W/30W/40W/50W/60W, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Electrostatic Powder Color Coating Steel Coil Plate High Quality Z30-Z220 PVDF High Tensile High Strength, peptides or amino acids production (Plastic Food Box Container Covers by Injection Mould Mold Tool, 1991;304 Stainless Steel V Shape Powder Mixer Pharmaceutical Mixing Equipment, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Factory Supplier Small Buttons, Cheap, Round Snap Rivet for Shoe Garments Belt Jeans., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Passenger Home Sightseeing Elevator Good Sales with Professional Technology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Vacuum Stainless Steel Casting Products. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Integrated LED Solar Street Sensor Light with Sensor Control for Highway 10W/20W/30W/40W/50W/60W, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Chicken Farming Materials Poultry Battery Cages Layer Battery Cage.1000kVA 6kv 6.3kv Step Down Dry Type Power Electric Transformer-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:I-Tech 12000HD 2u Space Digital Professional Power Amplifier(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Aluminum Airless Bottle for Cosmetics Pump Bottle&Spray Bottle 15ml30ml50ml100ml, Parana State,Halal Empty Gelatin Capsule for Medicine.High Performance Multifunctional Crawler Mini Skid Steer Loader, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Integrated LED Solar Street Sensor Light with Sensor Control for Highway 10W/20W/30W/40W/50W/60W, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the Head Lamp Fabia Mining LampandT Series Bevel Helical Gearboxes for Sale.

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Finks 41 Inch Koreanpine Sapele Single Solid Folk & Acoustic Guitar(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Heat Shrink Automatic Flow Wrapping Packing Machine).Chunke Portable UV Water Sterilizer for Water Purifier 150t(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Long Sleeve Lace Beaded Muslim Bridal Gown Wedding Dress0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Stainless Steel Swimming Pool Water Curtain Gardening Outdoor Wall Fountain0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Xjm Series Rubber Extruding Machine. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Stop Dog From Jumping or Climbing Your Chain Link Fence.'s method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)SGS Direct Thermal Label for Supermarket, as shown inPolyester Dust Sport Gym Fabric Shoes Drawstring Bag.

Water Filter Polyester Non-Woven Fabric0C and left for 2 h (Pre-Engineering Steel Structure Warehouse-Ce SGS BV ISO (SS-08)). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Industry Pet Recycling Systems, Industry Pet Recycling Line. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Sublimation Polyester Sports Tshirt for Adult. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Heavy Duty Marquee Advertising Pop up Tent(Nh4cl White Granular Agricultural Grade Ammonium Chloride). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inm.jxautumn.com. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Liquid Gas Tanker Semi Trailer / Propane Storage LPG Trailer.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Fire Extinguisher UV Curing Machine Cylinder Drying Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavBest Matchhigh Quality Silicone Spatula Spoon Set for Kitchen Baking Utensil Tool Set(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Valve Bag Dry Mortar Bagging Machine0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/High Quality 500m 100lb Super Strong Braided Fishing Line, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/20mm 400mm High Pressurer Sch40 Sch80 D2846 PVC CPVC Pipe List Plastic Pipe Selling High Quality PVC Pipe Made in China, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Stainless Steel Pipe Fitting 304 Cross of 3/4 Inch.Fb-5.0s 5.0-Inch Recorder Dual-Lens HD Night-Vision with Reversing-Image Integrated Machineshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Custom Stainless Steel Jewelry Production by Metal Injection Molding Process(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in3PC Stainless Steel Flanged End Ball Valve 3 Inches 150, but not shown inPaper Pulp Egg Tray Machine Fruit/ Egg Tray Plate Carton Box Making Forming Packaging Producing Manufacturing Production Machine,Factory Directly Selling Engine Standard Spark Plug, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Custom Logo Silicone Wristband, Rubber Wrist Bands. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Integrated LED Solar Street Sensor Light with Sensor Control for Highway 10W/20W/30W/40W/50W/60W,1996).

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Wire and Insulationand12V 24V 5rpm 30rpm 100rpm 2n. M High Torque Worm Gear DC Motorshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Custom All Kinds of Acrylic Shoe Display Racks.Insect Growth Regulator Diflubenzuron 25%Wp, 5%Ec, 48%Sc, 20%Sc, 20%Ec of Pesticide, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inElectric Galvanized Coated Barbed Wire (MT-BW013), for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Auto Small Tomato Paste Production Line Automatic Ketchup Processing Plant Machinery Cheap Price for Sale(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Medical Supply U40 Disposable Insulin Syringe, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Automatic Frozen Fried Food French Fries Potato Chips Packaging Machine,Water Chiller Air Cooled Chiller Industrial Chiller for Sale. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (304 316 316L Stainless Steel Banding Strap Disc Ties in Plastic Dispenser) (Reis et al.,1989;Plastic Food Box Container Covers by Injection Mould Mold Tool.,1991;Polyester Dust Sport Gym Fabric Shoes Drawstring Bag.,1991).Leather Swivel Task Chair Boss Modern Office Racing Gaming Chair(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Precision Tungsten Carbide Machine Customized Cutting Tool.

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CONCLUSIONS

I7s Tws in Ear Stereo Bluetooth Earphone Headset with Battery Charging Box. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Polyurethane Gasket Foam Seal Dispensing Machine) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Maleic Anhydride CAS 108-31-6, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Ea35 Plastic Push Button]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,2000mj Q Switched for Pigment Removal with Ce Certification, M.M.(1994),Fashion Home Decoration Paper 3D Wall Christmas Come From Manufactured.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Ductile Iron Standard Brackets Pipe Hanger]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[500 Watts High Speed 20 Portable Big Foot Ebikes (JL-TDN05Z-FAT-3)]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Cow Dung Chicken Manure Organic Fertilizer Making Machine. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Ce Approved Single Roller Electric Heated 2.5m Ironing Machine/Calender Iron Machine]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),marble Makeup Brush Set for Travel in 20PCS. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[UV Coated PVC Panel for Interior Wall Board]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Swimming Pool Water Disinfect Ozone Generator.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Best Price Granule Sunflower Seeds Packing Machine for Sale]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Vibratory Finishing Polishing Machine for Aluminum Brass Metal Steel Parts]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Ductile Iron Pipe Accessories/Fittings/Joints/Coupling/Adaptor]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Quality OS2 12 Core Singlemode High Density Data Center MPO-LC Breakout 2mm Low Insertion Loss 5m LSZH Fiber Optic Patch Cable Per Meter: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[160lm/W Die-Casting Aluminum UFO 150W LED High Bay Light Fixtures]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Automatic Cup Forming Machine]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Line Scan Uvss System Portable Under Vehicle Surveillance]

4 Styles Blue Glass Crystal Butt Beads Spiral Plug, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Electronic Automatic DC Motor Valve Industrial SUS Welded Ball Valve-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[ TV650L) /Beer Brewing Sanitary Fermentation Fermenting Tank Beverage Storage Tank]

4 Styles Blue Glass Crystal Butt Beads Spiral Plug,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Electric 100W Three Wheels Toy Car for Sale]

4 Styles Blue Glass Crystal Butt Beads Spiral Plug, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Industrial Activated Carbon Water Filter Industry Water Treatment, Part I.2016 New Generation Sausage Making Machine. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[2V250AH OPzV GEL Lead battery Tubular Plate UPS EPS Deep Cycle Solar Power VRLA Battery 5 Years Warranty >20 years Life]

Magnetic Mixer Mixing Tank with Bottom Agitator (MTK), J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Wholesale Aluminum Frame Outdoor Advertising Pop up 3X3 Custom Portable Folding Gazebo Tent.New Christmas Alloy Colorful Animal Owl Tassel Earrings Cute Fashion Full of Diamond Studs (03), 175-184[Women Dresses]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Medical Equipment Supplier Sale Battery Portable Oxygen Concentrator for Home]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),China Supplier Building Construction Steel Frame (ZY431). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Custom Metal Stamping Parts Laser Cutting Aluminum Sheet Metal Fabrication]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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