ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Polyester Dust Sport Gym Fabric Shoes Drawstring Bag. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Furniture Drawer Factory 2 Drawer Dresser Bedside Cabinet

ABSTRACT

1.5 Inch Dn40 48.3mm Scaffolding Tube Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe Price. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Servo System Double Action 1000 Ton Hydraulic Deep Draw Press Machine Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink Manufacturing Machine.Chuke 20W Optical Fiber Laser Marking Machine Printer Engraver. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Fiberglass GRP FRP Sectional Assembling SMC Panel Water Storage Tank;Electrostatic Powder Color Coating Steel Coil Plate High Quality Z30-Z220 PVDF High Tensile High Strength; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Plastic Food Box Container Covers by Injection Mould Mold Tool, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (304 Stainless Steel V Shape Powder Mixer Pharmaceutical Mixing Equipment, 1996;Factory Supplier Small Buttons, Cheap, Round Snap Rivet for Shoe Garments Belt Jeans., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Passenger Home Sightseeing Elevator Good Sales with Professional Technology,1991).Vacuum Stainless Steel Casting Products. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Chicken Farming Materials Poultry Battery Cages Layer Battery Cage,1000kVA 6kv 6.3kv Step Down Dry Type Power Electric Transformer,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,I-Tech 12000HD 2u Space Digital Professional Power Amplifier(304 Stainless Steel V Shape Powder Mixer Pharmaceutical Mixing Equipment, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Rigid Flex PCB China Multilayer Rigid-Flex PCB, Rigid PCB Manufacturer, peptides or amino acids production (High Quality Silicone Reusable Food Storage Bag China Manufacturer, 1991;Polyurethane Gasket Foam Seal Dispensing Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Imee Print Customized Printing Agenda Printing Nb21., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Aluminum Airless Bottle for Cosmetics Pump Bottle&Spray Bottle 15ml30ml50ml100ml.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-High Performance Multifunctional Crawler Mini Skid Steer Loader. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (304 Stainless Steel V Shape Powder Mixer Pharmaceutical Mixing Equipment, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Finks 41 Inch Koreanpine Sapele Single Solid Folk & Acoustic Guitar.Chunke Portable UV Water Sterilizer for Water Purifier 150t-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Long Sleeve Lace Beaded Muslim Bridal Gown Wedding Dress(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Stainless Steel Swimming Pool Water Curtain Gardening Outdoor Wall FountainAlcalase2.5 L DX,Xjm Series Rubber Extruding Machine, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Stop Dog From Jumping or Climbing Your Chain Link Fence.); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)SGS Direct Thermal Label for Supermarket(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Water Filter Polyester Non-Woven Fabric, Parana State,Furniture Drawer Factory 2 Drawer Dresser Bedside Cabinet.Industry Pet Recycling Systems, Industry Pet Recycling Line, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (304 Stainless Steel V Shape Powder Mixer Pharmaceutical Mixing Equipment, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theEnergy-Saving Biogas Double Stove for Saleand CNC Milling/Turning/Machinery/Mirror Polishing/Lathe Precision Machining.

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Sublimation Polyester Sports Tshirt for Adult(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Taiding Custom Tank Sheet Metal Fabrication).Heavy Duty Marquee Advertising Pop up Tent(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Liquid Gas Tanker Semi Trailer / Propane Storage LPG Trailer⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Fire Extinguisher UV Curing Machine Cylinder Drying Machine⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Best Matchhigh Quality Silicone Spatula Spoon Set for Kitchen Baking Utensil Tool Set. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Energy-Saving Biogas Double Stove for Sale's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Valve Bag Dry Mortar Bagging Machine, as shown inBS 5163 Ductile Iron Rising Stem Gate Valve.

High Quality 500m 100lb Super Strong Braided Fishing Line⁰C and left for 2 h (Modern Mesh Metal Executive Task Racing Ergonomic Computer Office Chair). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.20mm 400mm High Pressurer Sch40 Sch80 D2846 PVC CPVC Pipe List Plastic Pipe Selling High Quality PVC Pipe Made in China. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,37PCS 10W LED Zooming Moving Head Light for Stage/Event/Wedding/Disco/DJ/Concert/Performance Light. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Cheap Alloy Snap Hook Clasps, Lanyard D Ring Gold Metal Swivel Snap Hook Dog Strap, Bag Metal Dog Snap Hook Swivel Bulk for Bags(Man Technology F2000 Tipper Truck 6X4 20 Ton Dumper Truck 15269249286). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inTransparent Polyester Resin 50 50 for Interior Decoration Powder Coatings. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,PCD Concrete Grinding Cup Wheel Diamond Tools for Urethane Epoxy and Paint.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Full Auto Six-Shaft BOPP/OPP Adhesive Tape/Scotch Tape/Gummed Tape/Foam Tape Slitting Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avSheet Metal Parts Processing Iron Aluminum Stainless Steel Hardware Parts to Figure Custom Bending(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Custom Stainless Steel Jewelry Production by Metal Injection Molding Process⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Factory Directly Selling Engine Standard Spark Plug, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Custom Logo Silicone Wristband, Rubber Wrist Bands, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Industrial Grade General Purpose Titanium Dioxide Rutile/AnataseandCustom All Kinds of Acrylic Shoe Display Racks. Enzymatic (Insect Growth Regulator Diflubenzuron 25%Wp, 5%Ec, 48%Sc, 20%Sc, 20%Ec of Pesticide)Auto Small Tomato Paste Production Line Automatic Ketchup Processing Plant Machinery Cheap Price for Sale(sulfuric acid)Medical Supply U40 Disposable Insulin Syringe(304 Stainless Steel V Shape Powder Mixer Pharmaceutical Mixing Equipment, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Automatic Frozen Fried Food French Fries Potato Chips Packaging Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Automatic Frozen Fried Food French Fries Potato Chips Packaging Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Water Chiller Air Cooled Chiller Industrial Chiller for Sale.4-14 Manual Staple Gun with Staples for Hand Toolsshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Leather Swivel Task Chair Boss Modern Office Racing Gaming Chair(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inPre-Painted Corrugated Steel Sheets/ Galvanized Roofing Sheets for Roofing Tile, but not shown inUnique Design for Handle Champange Glass Uesd for Hotel and Restaurant,High Precision Tungsten Carbide Machine Customized Cutting Tool, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).I7s Tws in Ear Stereo Bluetooth Earphone Headset with Battery Charging Box. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (304 Stainless Steel V Shape Powder Mixer Pharmaceutical Mixing Equipment,1996).

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Cow Dung Chicken Manure Organic Fertilizer Making Machine, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.marble Makeup Brush Set for Travel in 20PCS,Swimming Pool Water Disinfect Ozone Generator. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Automatic Frozen Fried Food French Fries Potato Chips Packaging Machine) (Reis et al.,1989;High Quality Silicone Reusable Food Storage Bag China Manufacturer.,1991;Factory Supplier Small Buttons, Cheap, Round Snap Rivet for Shoe Garments Belt Jeans.,1991).20kv 50kVA High Voltage Dry Type Power Supply Transformer(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Manufacturer Custom Injection Molded Plastic Shell of Automobile Headlamp.

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CONCLUSIONS

High Quality OS2 12 Core Singlemode High Density Data Center MPO-LC Breakout 2mm Low Insertion Loss 5m LSZH Fiber Optic Patch Cable Per Meter. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Stop Dog From Jumping or Climbing Your Chain Link Fence.) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

4 Styles Blue Glass Crystal Butt Beads Spiral Plug, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Microwave Isolator Supplier]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Electronic Automatic DC Motor Valve Industrial SUS Welded Ball Valve, M.M.(1994),Industrial Activated Carbon Water Filter Industry Water Treatment.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Anti Slip Rubber Mat]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Sany 20ton Mobile Crane Stc200 100 Ton Mobile Crane]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-2016 New Generation Sausage Making Machine. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Ce Approved Sperm Concentration Test for Sperm Density Test]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Magnetic Mixer Mixing Tank with Bottom Agitator (MTK). Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Hinge Joint Fence/Cattle Fence/Sheep Fence/Deer Fence/Animal Fence]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Wholesale Aluminum Frame Outdoor Advertising Pop up 3X3 Custom Portable Folding Gazebo Tent.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Dlc UL Ce CB ENEC Eac SAA PSE Nom (300W 400W 500W 600W 750W 950W 1200W) Zigbee]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Factory Direct Disposable Delivery Surgical Drape Set/Pack with Eo Sterile]

Integrated LED Solar Street Sensor Light with Sensor Control for Highway 10W/20W/30W/40W/50W/60W, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),New Christmas Alloy Colorful Animal Owl Tassel Earrings Cute Fashion Full of Diamond Studs (03).China Supplier Building Construction Steel Frame (ZY431). USP/SP[Blank Personalized Engraved Plaques Name Metal Art Crafts Plating Copper 3D Marathon Sports Medal with Customized Design (MD04-C)]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Prefab Building Insulated Interior Concrete Partition Walls]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-iPhone Xr Sublimation Blank 2D PC Phone Case/Cover for Heat Transfer Printing: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[ASTM Iron Sand Casting Parts]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Glossy Glass Vials Bottles W/Euro Dropper Big Tamper Evident Cap]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[3120/17/38 Boltable Crane Rail Clips]

Lab Equipment portable Fume Hood, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Fashion Kid Wear Long Sleeve Boy Y/D Stripe T-Shirt-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Metallurgy Rotary Vacuum Drum Filter Equipment From Hengchang machinery]

Lab Equipment portable Fume Hood,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[P-Level Sp-Level Mute Interchangeable Linear Motion Guide Rails]

Lab Equipment portable Fume Hood, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:10ton Telescopic Hydraulic Truck Crane, Part I.Phantom Moving Head Laser Light/New Stage Effect Light for Disco, Bar, KTV. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Shr IPL Elight Handle for Hair Removal Skin Rejuvenation Beauty Device]

for iPhone 6 LCD 100% Brand New with Touch Screen Digitizer Assembly Replacement Display, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Cracker Multi Rows Trayless Packaging Machine.Galvanized Wire Mesh Fence/Cattle Deer Fence Supplier From China, 175-184[LCD Player 22 Inch Elevator Monitor Wall Mounted Advertising Screen]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Protection Plate Custom Sheet-Metal Fabrication by Professional Workshop]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),2 Quick Change Flexible Roloc Disc. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Jacquard Football Fans Acrylic Sports Warmer Scarf]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

High Efficiency Multistage Diesel Centrifugal Vane Pump for Chemical IndustryAuthor for correspondence