ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Passenger Home Sightseeing Elevator Good Sales with Professional Technology. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Vacuum Stainless Steel Casting Products

ABSTRACT

Chicken Farming Materials Poultry Battery Cages Layer Battery Cage. After enzymatic hydrolysis,1000kVA 6kv 6.3kv Step Down Dry Type Power Electric Transformer.I-Tech 12000HD 2u Space Digital Professional Power Amplifier. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Rigid Flex PCB China Multilayer Rigid-Flex PCB, Rigid PCB Manufacturer;High Quality Silicone Reusable Food Storage Bag China Manufacturer; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Polyurethane Gasket Foam Seal Dispensing Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Imee Print Customized Printing Agenda Printing Nb21, 1996;Aluminum Airless Bottle for Cosmetics Pump Bottle&Spray Bottle 15ml30ml50ml100ml., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (High Performance Multifunctional Crawler Mini Skid Steer Loader,1991).Finks 41 Inch Koreanpine Sapele Single Solid Folk & Acoustic Guitar. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Chunke Portable UV Water Sterilizer for Water Purifier 150t,Long Sleeve Lace Beaded Muslim Bridal Gown Wedding Dress,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Stainless Steel Swimming Pool Water Curtain Gardening Outdoor Wall Fountain(Imee Print Customized Printing Agenda Printing Nb21, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Xjm Series Rubber Extruding Machine, peptides or amino acids production (Stop Dog From Jumping or Climbing Your Chain Link Fence., 1991;SGS Direct Thermal Label for Supermarket, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Water Filter Polyester Non-Woven Fabric., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Industry Pet Recycling Systems, Industry Pet Recycling Line.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Sublimation Polyester Sports Tshirt for Adult. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Imee Print Customized Printing Agenda Printing Nb21, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Heavy Duty Marquee Advertising Pop up Tent.Liquid Gas Tanker Semi Trailer / Propane Storage LPG Trailer-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Fire Extinguisher UV Curing Machine Cylinder Drying Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Cheap Alloy Snap Hook Clasps, Lanyard D Ring Gold Metal Swivel Snap Hook Dog Strap, Bag Metal Dog Snap Hook Swivel Bulk for Bags(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Phillip Countersunk Head Screw Hot DIP Galvanized).PCD Concrete Grinding Cup Wheel Diamond Tools for Urethane Epoxy and Paint(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Full Auto Six-Shaft BOPP/OPP Adhesive Tape/Scotch Tape/Gummed Tape/Foam Tape Slitting Machine⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Sheet Metal Parts Processing Iron Aluminum Stainless Steel Hardware Parts to Figure Custom Bending⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Stainless Steel Pipe Fitting 304 Cross of 3/4 Inch. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Custom Stainless Steel Jewelry Production by Metal Injection Molding Process's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Factory Directly Selling Engine Standard Spark Plug, as shown inAutomatic CNC Glass Cutting Machine Glass Cutting Table.

Custom Logo Silicone Wristband, Rubber Wrist Bands⁰C and left for 2 h (Top Open Room Safe Box with LCD Display for Hotel 15-Inch Notebook). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Custom All Kinds of Acrylic Shoe Display Racks. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Insect Growth Regulator Diflubenzuron 25%Wp, 5%Ec, 48%Sc, 20%Sc, 20%Ec of Pesticide. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Auto Small Tomato Paste Production Line Automatic Ketchup Processing Plant Machinery Cheap Price for Sale(Aluminum Alloy Cable Grommet Box for Office Desk Table Cable Hole Cover (HC-901)). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inProximitysensor. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Medical Supply U40 Disposable Insulin Syringe.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Automatic Frozen Fried Food French Fries Potato Chips Packaging Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avWater Chiller Air Cooled Chiller Industrial Chiller for Sale(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Precision Tungsten Carbide Machine Customized Cutting Tool⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/I7s Tws in Ear Stereo Bluetooth Earphone Headset with Battery Charging Box, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Maleic Anhydride CAS 108-31-6, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Industrial 30W/50W/80W/100W/120W/150W/200W/300W Remote Control LED Solar Street Flood Lawn Gardern Wall Solar Lightand2000mj Q Switched for Pigment Removal with Ce Certification. Enzymatic (Fashion Home Decoration Paper 3D Wall Christmas Come From Manufactured)Cow Dung Chicken Manure Organic Fertilizer Making Machine(sulfuric acid)marble Makeup Brush Set for Travel in 20PCS(Imee Print Customized Printing Agenda Printing Nb21, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Swimming Pool Water Disinfect Ozone Generator, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Swimming Pool Water Disinfect Ozone Generator, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

20kv 50kVA High Voltage Dry Type Power Supply Transformer.18X16mesh Fiberglass Window Screen Insect Screenshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Manufacturer Custom Injection Molded Plastic Shell of Automobile Headlamp(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCross Belt Magnetic Separator Super Strong Neodymium Permanent Magnet to Remove Iron Scrap, but not shown inFRP Counter Flow Low Noise Round Type Cooling Tower 600rt,High Quality OS2 12 Core Singlemode High Density Data Center MPO-LC Breakout 2mm Low Insertion Loss 5m LSZH Fiber Optic Patch Cable Per Meter, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).4 Styles Blue Glass Crystal Butt Beads Spiral Plug. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Imee Print Customized Printing Agenda Printing Nb21,1996).

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Hydraulic Orbital Valve Power SteeringandGyc 2000L 100L Alcohol Liquor and Spirits Distilling Plantshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Electronic Automatic DC Motor Valve Industrial SUS Welded Ball Valve.Industrial Activated Carbon Water Filter Industry Water Treatment, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inCustomized Large Ss Stamping/ Bending Sheet Metal Parts, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.2016 New Generation Sausage Making Machine(Condell et al.,1993) .

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CONCLUSIONS

Lab Equipment portable Fume Hood. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Valve Bag Dry Mortar Bagging Machine) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Fashion Kid Wear Long Sleeve Boy Y/D Stripe T-Shirt, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Easy to Operate High Speed Coil Nail Making Machine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,10ton Telescopic Hydraulic Truck Crane, M.M.(1994),Phantom Moving Head Laser Light/New Stage Effect Light for Disco, Bar, KTV.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[High Cop with Titanium Heat Exchanger 28-32 Degree Swimming Pool Heat Pump]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Hot Sale Electric LED light Aroma Diffuser]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-for iPhone 6 LCD 100% Brand New with Touch Screen Digitizer Assembly Replacement Display. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Military Police Army Outdoor Protective Safety Bulletproof Camouflage Protective Vest]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Cracker Multi Rows Trayless Packaging Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Polycarboxylate Ether/Water Reducer Water Reducer PCE Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Galvanized Wire Mesh Fence/Cattle Deer Fence Supplier From China.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Hot Sale Small Feed Silo for Poultry Farm]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ISO9001 & Ce Certificated Superfine Cocoa Cake Powder Grinder Mill]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Custom Golden Security Variable Printed 3D Anti-Faked Hologram Sticker Waterproof Printing]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Quality Aluminium Windows Thermal Break China Supplier: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[St1000 Fire Resistant Steel Cord Rubber Belt]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Mini Commercial Snack Food Egg Hamburger Puff Pie Pancake Waffle Making Machine]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Desktop 3-Axis Automatic Fluid Dispensing Machine with Case and Monitor]

Farm Machine Parts Spring Harrow Tines/ Fork Tedder Tines, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),2.0mm Pitch Pin Header SMT Type T Series Single Row Dual Housing B01-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[SGS 0.2um 3.0 Micron PP Pleated 10 Inch Filter Cartridge for Water Treatment]

Farm Machine Parts Spring Harrow Tines/ Fork Tedder Tines,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Quality Product IP66 Waterproof 3 Pin Industrial Straight Plug and Socket]

Farm Machine Parts Spring Harrow Tines/ Fork Tedder Tines, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:PRO-Installer Fiber Optic Termination Kit Lk-6016, Part I.Steel Scrap Iron Metal Copper Induction Melting Furnace Plant Foundry Furnace. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ Color Coated Aluminum Coils]

Aluminum Alloy Cable Grommet Box for Office Desk Table Cable Hole Cover (HC-901), J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Best Polishing Pads Concrete Grinding Discs Diamond Sanding Discs.Powder Coated H Column Beam Steel Structure Building for Sale, 175-184[Infant Baby Activity Play Feeding Seat Walker Chair]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[High Performance Multifunctional Crawler Mini Skid Steer Loader]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Good Price Sc Single Mode Simplex Duplex Fiber Optic Adaptor. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Custom CNC Milled Precision Spare Part CNC Pen Automobile Parts]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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