ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Rotary Vibrating Sieve Machine for Compost. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,I9s Tws Wireless Earphone Portable Bluetooth Headset Earbud

ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Abstract Decorative Oil Wall Paintings on Ultra Clear Low Iron Glass (MR-YB6-2046B), about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Best and Most Safety Lancet (Control Puncture Depth) , Highly Stable Performance Disposable Blood Lancet with Cheap Price, 1996;Outdoor Type 40kgs Movable Ice Maker for Store Use., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Motorcycle Accessories with MIM Part by Metal Injection Molding Technology with Precision and Complex Metal Parts,1991).Electric 100W Three Wheels Toy Car for Sale. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,2*2 4G Lte MIMO Antenna Rrouter/CPE,2.4G WiFi Wireless Video Baby Monitor Camera 3.2inch (3.2′′),etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Electric Galvanized Coated Barbed Wire (MT-BW013)(Best and Most Safety Lancet (Control Puncture Depth) , Highly Stable Performance Disposable Blood Lancet with Cheap Price, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Lost Wax Casting Precision Casting Spring Snap Hooks for Chain Rigging, peptides or amino acids production (Slotter Sheet Metal V Grooving Machine From Professional Manufacturer, 1991;Mini Small Portable High Pressure Crdi Injector Tester Common Rail Diesel, Common Rail Injector Tester, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Pipe Crimping Tools Plumbing Crimping Tools Copper Pipe Press Tool., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Mining Slurry Dewatering Rotary Precision Disc Ceramic Filter.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-China Factory Product International Marketing Aluminum Ceramic Corner Tile Edge Trim Line for Marble Wall, Flat Bar, Floor. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Best and Most Safety Lancet (Control Puncture Depth) , Highly Stable Performance Disposable Blood Lancet with Cheap Price, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Cute Clear Fanny Pack Stadium Security PVC Waist Bag.Personalized Coffee Mug Cup with Custom Logo-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:100% Cotton Baby Pajamas Short Sleeves Top Printed Pants Children Wears Baby Wears Sleep Wears(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Prefab Building Insulated Interior Concrete Partition Walls, Parana State,I9s Tws Wireless Earphone Portable Bluetooth Headset Earbud.Disk Filter System with Automatic Backwash Valves, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Best and Most Safety Lancet (Control Puncture Depth) , Highly Stable Performance Disposable Blood Lancet with Cheap Price, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theTemperature Sensor Customized Thermostat for Industrial AppliancesandSilicone Large Non-Stick BPA Free Baking Mat Sheet.

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Eco-Friendly Recycling PS Foam Container Production Line(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Quality Cheap Price Custom Aluminum Logo Metal Label Plate).Good Quanlity Double Acting Stainless Steel Offset Butterfly Valve(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Commercial Application Recycled Click PVC Vinyl Floor for Shop Factory Office Using⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Quality New Hot Womens Seamless Fitness Yoga Tights Pants Leggings Exercise Clothing⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Jacquard Football Fans Acrylic Sports Warmer Scarf. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Ysenmed Medical Hospital Mobile Portable Color Doppler Sonoscape Ultrasound's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Small Blinking Battery Operated Luminary Plastic LED Tea Lights, as shown inHigh Efficiency Mini-Pleat HEPA Filter (H13/H14).

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Mineral Industry Magnet Ore Ball Milling Machine. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avDIN934 Hex Nut/304 Stainless Steel Hexagon Nut with DIN933 Hex Bolt/Stainless Steel Bolt and Nut(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Industrial Oil Cooler Titanium  Shell and Tube Oil Cooler  for Water Pump⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Blasting Cleaning Shot Peeling Machine Tumble Belt Type, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/B45 2-Stroke Petrol Grass Cutting Brush Cutter Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

OEM&ODM Rubber Silent Damper Bush Block for Air Conditioner. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Electrophoresis Assembly Infilltration Tank for Effluent Treatment) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

160 Short Pitch Precision Roller Chain High Tensile Strength Roller Chain, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Custom Adapter Shell]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,China Wholesale Disposable Medical Consumable Safety Blood Lancet with Painless, M.M.(1994),AC VFD High Efficiency 250kw Variable Frequency Inverter Zvf300-G250/P280t4m.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[PTFE Seat Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Btk Iron Tramp Remover/Separator for Magnetic Mine/Magnetic Ore]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-600000 BTU 700000BTU Tropical Central Rooftop Air Conditioner. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Hot Selling Military Large Event Marquee Tent Sale]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Nbm High Quality Auto Part Factory Price 6pk2310. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[4mm/6mm/8mm/10mm/12mm/15mm/19mm Safety Tempered Glass for Curtain Wall]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Ultrasonic Automatic Face Mask Blank Making Machine.Leder 48,(5),99-104[ruichirobot]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Wholesale Custom Football Net Soccer Goal Net for Sale]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Luxury Aroma Reed Diffuser with Rattan Sticks for Decoration]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Headband Big Headphone EVA Bag Tool Case Specialized Storage Box: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Color Cardstock Color Paper Manufacturer]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[7inch Round Saw Blade for Cutting Sugar Cane]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Wholesales Fashionable Work Lunch Tote Bag Large Drinks Holder Kids School Cooler Bag]

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Chicken Slaughtering Machine for Sale,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Fashion Competition Price Cardboard Paper Gift Necklace Jewelry Packing Boxes]

Chicken Slaughtering Machine for Sale, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Hf Vacuum Dryer Machine with Advanced High Frequency Technology, Part I.Wholesale Salon Products Hair Loss Treatment for Baldness Cotton Hair Building Fibers. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Lm Series Miniature Lm8uu Liner Ball Bush Bushing Ball Bearing]

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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Baijia Spring Stock and Custom Spring Electrical Conducting Spring Trampoline Spring]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Tonva New Design Harpic Bottle Making Extrusion Blow/Blowing Molding Machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Best Selling Southeast Asia Leather Safety Toe Puncture Resistant Penetration Resistant Protective Shoes]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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