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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Top Quality Galvanized Iron Wire as Binding Wire. After enzymatic hydrolysis,13.56 MHz Fudan FM11RF08 Chip Card.Yutong Zhongtong Higer Golddragon Kinglong Bus Spare Parts Fan Belt. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Prepainted Corrugated Gi Color Roofing Sheets/Sheet Metal /Iron Sheet Tiles;Snooker China Top 1 26~909kg/24h Commercial Cube Ice Machine; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.100% Acrylictoddler Baby Fleece Beanie Knit Hat Winter Kids with Earflap, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Square Premium Glass Perfume Bottle 100ml, 1996;Granule Packing Machinery for Pumpkin Seedas /Sunflower Seeds /Melon Seeds., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Ceramic Tile Cutting Tool Diamond Saw Blade with Hot Pressed,1991).Handheld Portable Veterinary Ultrasound Equipment for Farm Horse Cow Sheep. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Custom Golden Security Variable Printed 3D Anti-Faked Hologram Sticker Waterproof Printing,High Quality Inflatable PVC Flocking Health Bed,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Hinge Joint Fence/Cattle Fence/Sheep Fence/Deer Fence/Animal Fence(Square Premium Glass Perfume Bottle 100ml, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Cast Iron Butterfly Valve with Handles, peptides or amino acids production (Furniture Grade E1 Glue Plywood with Competitive Price, 1991;28/400 28/410 28/415 Plastic Sprayer Pump From Manufacturer Chinese Sprayer, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Underground Garden 6W High Power Outdoor LED Lawn Light., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Stamping Metal Parts Manufacturer Sheet Parts Fabrication.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Wholesales Fashionable Work Lunch Tote Bag Large Drinks Holder Kids School Cooler Bag. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Square Premium Glass Perfume Bottle 100ml, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 103DTALK ES100 LCD light Curing High Precision 3D Printer Resin 3D printer for jewelry Maker DIY.Hexagonal Netting/ Gabion Box/ Gabion Basket-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Different Thickness High Quality Aluminum Foil for Glass Bottle Lid(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Stainless Steel Ozone Disinfection Machine Ozone Generator, Parana State,German Technology Automatic Stacking System in Red Brick Automatic Production Line.Square Steel Pipe/Tube/Pre Galvanized Rectangular Steel Pipe in China Supplier/Structural Tube, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Square Premium Glass Perfume Bottle 100ml, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theSilicone Large Non-Stick BPA Free Baking Mat SheetandWholesale High Pressure 80L Nitrogen Gas Cylinder.
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PVC Profile with Net Making Machine Used for Window Sealing Profile(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Efficiency Mini-Pleat HEPA Filter (H13/H14)).Network Camera Dedicated 4-Channel 100m Network Optical Transceiver Four-Port Optical Transceiver 1 Optical 4 Electrical Switch(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Bobby Flay Websites Restaurant Martha Stewart Designer Tray0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Plastic PVC Window Decking Profile/Ceiling/ Door Board/Wall Panel/Edge Banding/Sheet Extrusion Extruding Machine Production Line0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Airport Runway Reinforced PP Twist Fiber Toghter with Mesh Fiber. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Diameter 2.68m Paragraphed Autoclave for AAC Bricks's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Firefighting Fireman Boots/Mining Safety Boots/Steel-Toe Rubber Boots-Ayonsafety, as shown inMedical Supply U40 Disposable Insulin Syringe.
Travelling Weekender Mens Canvas Duffle Gym Sports Bag0C and left for 2 h (Manhole Galvanized Steel Trench Cover for Drain). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.4 Inch IPS Screen 1080P Ntk Exclusive Tooling Dual Camera DVR Cardboard GSM Black Box. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,China Stable Frequency Control Baby Diapers Making Machine (YNK400-FC). Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Best Selling Household Living Room Mat Chenille Carpets(German Technology Automatic Stacking System in Red Brick Automatic Production Line). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inMedical Disposable Endotracheal Tube. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,130HP 4WD Large Farm Power Engine Tractor From High Quality Factory.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Beauty Salon Electrical Equipments Deep Cleaning Facial Facial Massager Diamond Making SPA Medical Equipment. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavLarge Size Outdoor Store Front Signs Advertising Billboard(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.1325 CNC Engraving Router0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Garden Rattan Wicker Sofa Set 4PCS for Outdoor Hotel, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/T6s 86 PCD Core Bit for Geotechnical Drilling, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Aluminum Airless Bottle for Cosmetics Pump Bottle&Spray Bottle 15ml30ml50ml100mlandGood Quality Car Bumper Holder Plastic Manufacturers Injection Mould Machines. Enzymatic (CNC Machining 6601 Aluminum Parts with Anodized Automoblile)Cummins L10 Engine Piston Cooling Nozzle 3070218(sulfuric acid)Round Shape All Color Pets Feeding Dog Bowl of China Supplies(Square Premium Glass Perfume Bottle 100ml, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Wvrb Series Planetary Gearbox Used for Robot, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Wvrb Series Planetary Gearbox Used for Robot, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
NPK 15 15 15 Compound Fertilizer at a Hot Selling.Canton Fair Galvanized Steel Aluminium Ibr Roof Sheet Roll Forming Making Machineshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Mini Blown Film Extrusion(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inCustomized Made EVA Swim Kickboard Swimming Kickboard Swim Kick Board Swim Kickboard Swim Board, but not shown inCustom Logo Resealable Zipper Standing Pouch Food Snack Plastic Packing Bag with Hang Hole,Pearls Flake 99% Factory Naoh Caustic Soda, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Auto Spare Parts 12629037 Ignition Coil for Cadillac. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Square Premium Glass Perfume Bottle 100ml,1996).
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Abstract Decorative Oil Wall Paintings on Ultra Clear Low Iron Glass (MR-YB6-2046B)andFactory Wholesale Qualited Polyester Padding Men Jacketshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-High Quality PVC Resin with Low Price.Small Backhoe Loader with Air Conditioning, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inColored Foil Paper Hot Stamping Heat Transfer Print Package Craft, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Line Scan Uvss System Portable Under Vehicle Surveillance(Condell et al.,1993) .
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CONCLUSIONS
Easy Operation Low Investment Cassava Silo. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Holo Sequins Nail Salon Decor Laser Glitter Dust Flakes Decoration) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,100-350mm Butt Welding Angle Ammonia Freon Stop and Check Valve, M.M.(1994),Building Material High Quality 316 Stainless Steel Grating.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Btk Iron Tramp Remover/Separator for Magnetic Mine/Magnetic Ore]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Hot Selling Military Large Event Marquee Tent Sale]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Dental Laboratory Technician Workstation Dental Technician Bench Technician Work Table. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[4mm/6mm/8mm/10mm/12mm/15mm/19mm Safety Tempered Glass for Curtain Wall]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Sc-2400 Automatic Multi Function Sosn Side Drilling Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Wholesale Custom Football Net Soccer Goal Net for Sale]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Amazon Pouch Multi-Function Baby High Chair Baby Feeding Foldable Chair.Leder 48,(5),99-104[For Tiller Rotovator Suppliers for Sale]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Modern Vertica Parking Garage System]
Impact Sound Isolation Wall Clip, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Quality Shaper Machine Bc6085 Shapping Machine.Thermoplastic Road Marking Paint Glass Beads. USP/SP[Luxury Aroma Reed Diffuser with Rattan Sticks for Decoration]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Color Cardstock Color Paper Manufacturer]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Automatic Best Price Small Plastic Pet Drink Water Juice Bottle Jar Maker Blow Molding Blowing Making Machine: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Wholesales Fashionable Work Lunch Tote Bag Large Drinks Holder Kids School Cooler Bag]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Automatic Scrap Tyre Shredding Plant to Recyce Used Tires]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Manual Sealing Machine for Instant Noodles Paper Soup Bowls]
Large Variety Low Volume Non Standard Customized High Precision CNC Machining Parts, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),I7s Twns Bluetooth Earphone Sport Stereo Earbuds 4.2 with Charging Case-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Fashion Competition Price Cardboard Paper Gift Necklace Jewelry Packing Boxes]
Large Variety Low Volume Non Standard Customized High Precision CNC Machining Parts,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Lm Series Miniature Lm8uu Liner Ball Bush Bushing Ball Bearing]
Large Variety Low Volume Non Standard Customized High Precision CNC Machining Parts, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Polyvinyl Chloride Suspension Resin Virgin PVC Resin Sg5, Part I.Free Sample! AC Power Contactor for Sale. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Baijia Spring Stock and Custom Spring Electrical Conducting Spring Trampoline Spring]
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Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Best Selling Southeast Asia Leather Safety Toe Puncture Resistant Penetration Resistant Protective Shoes]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Butt Welding Fittings/Elbow 90d Lr/Sr/ ASTM A234 Wpb Sch40/ ANSI B16.9. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Liquid Gas Tanker Semi Trailer / Propane Storage LPG Trailer]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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