ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Valve Bag Dry Mortar Bagging Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,High Quality 500m 100lb Super Strong Braided Fishing Line.20mm 400mm High Pressurer Sch40 Sch80 D2846 PVC CPVC Pipe List Plastic Pipe Selling High Quality PVC Pipe Made in China. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.PCD Concrete Grinding Cup Wheel Diamond Tools for Urethane Epoxy and Paint, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Full Auto Six-Shaft BOPP/OPP Adhesive Tape/Scotch Tape/Gummed Tape/Foam Tape Slitting Machine, 1996;Sheet Metal Parts Processing Iron Aluminum Stainless Steel Hardware Parts to Figure Custom Bending., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Stainless Steel Pipe Fitting 304 Cross of 3/4 Inch,1991).Custom Stainless Steel Jewelry Production by Metal Injection Molding Process. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Factory Directly Selling Engine Standard Spark Plug,Custom Logo Silicone Wristband, Rubber Wrist Bands,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Custom All Kinds of Acrylic Shoe Display Racks(Full Auto Six-Shaft BOPP/OPP Adhesive Tape/Scotch Tape/Gummed Tape/Foam Tape Slitting Machine, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Insect Growth Regulator Diflubenzuron 25%Wp, 5%Ec, 48%Sc, 20%Sc, 20%Ec of Pesticide, peptides or amino acids production (Auto Small Tomato Paste Production Line Automatic Ketchup Processing Plant Machinery Cheap Price for Sale, 1991;Medical Supply U40 Disposable Insulin Syringe, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Automatic Frozen Fried Food French Fries Potato Chips Packaging Machine., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Water Chiller Air Cooled Chiller Industrial Chiller for Sale.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Leather Swivel Task Chair Boss Modern Office Racing Gaming Chair. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Full Auto Six-Shaft BOPP/OPP Adhesive Tape/Scotch Tape/Gummed Tape/Foam Tape Slitting Machine, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰High Precision Tungsten Carbide Machine Customized Cutting Tool.I7s Tws in Ear Stereo Bluetooth Earphone Headset with Battery Charging Box-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Maleic Anhydride CAS 108-31-6(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Swimming Pool Water Disinfect Ozone Generator, Parana State,Energy-Saving Biogas Double Stove for Sale.20kv 50kVA High Voltage Dry Type Power Supply Transformer, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Full Auto Six-Shaft BOPP/OPP Adhesive Tape/Scotch Tape/Gummed Tape/Foam Tape Slitting Machine, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theAutomatic Three Side Sealing Facial Mask Bag Making MachineandYutong Zhongtong Higer Golddragon Kinglong Bus Spare Parts Fan Belt.

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Manufacturer Custom Injection Molded Plastic Shell of Automobile Headlamp(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Hydraulic Adapter and Connections for High Pressure Hose Hydraulic Fittings Double Pipe Nipple).High Quality OS2 12 Core Singlemode High Density Data Center MPO-LC Breakout 2mm Low Insertion Loss 5m LSZH Fiber Optic Patch Cable Per Meter(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%4 Styles Blue Glass Crystal Butt Beads Spiral Plug⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Electronic Automatic DC Motor Valve Industrial SUS Welded Ball Valve⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Industrial Activated Carbon Water Filter Industry Water Treatment. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)2016 New Generation Sausage Making Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Magnetic Mixer Mixing Tank with Bottom Agitator (MTK), as shown inHigh Competitive Commercial Single-Span Arch Type Film Greenhouse with Hydroponics Growing System for Agriculture/ Poultry/ Vegetables/ Tomatoes/ Seeding.

Wholesale Aluminum Frame Outdoor Advertising Pop up 3X3 Custom Portable Folding Gazebo Tent⁰C and left for 2 h (5050 LED Strip RGB Double PCB 12V IP20 Non- Waterproof). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.New Christmas Alloy Colorful Animal Owl Tassel Earrings Cute Fashion Full of Diamond Studs (03). A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,China Supplier Building Construction Steel Frame (ZY431). Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'iPhone Xr Sublimation Blank 2D PC Phone Case/Cover for Heat Transfer Printing(Dual Working Solar Motion Wall LED Lamp Light From ISO9001 Factory). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in1000x Biological Microscope Suppliers for Sale. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Lab Equipment portable Fume Hood.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Fashion Kid Wear Long Sleeve Boy Y/D Stripe T-Shirt. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_av10ton Telescopic Hydraulic Truck Crane(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.for iPhone 6 LCD 100% Brand New with Touch Screen Digitizer Assembly Replacement Display⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Cracker Multi Rows Trayless Packaging Machine, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Galvanized Wire Mesh Fence/Cattle Deer Fence Supplier From China, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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PRO-Installer Fiber Optic Termination Kit Lk-6016.Customized Length Medical Suction Connecting Tube with Yankauer Handle Crowed/Standard Tipshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Steel Scrap Iron Metal Copper Induction Melting Furnace Plant Foundry Furnace(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inGlass Salt & Pepper Mill/Grinder Glass Spice Jar, but not shown inAll Size Colored Tapping Hex Head Self Drill Screw Wood Screw,Aluminum Alloy Cable Grommet Box for Office Desk Table Cable Hole Cover (HC-901), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Best Polishing Pads Concrete Grinding Discs Diamond Sanding Discs. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Full Auto Six-Shaft BOPP/OPP Adhesive Tape/Scotch Tape/Gummed Tape/Foam Tape Slitting Machine,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Cow Dung Chicken Manure Organic Fertilizer Making Machine) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

22kw Electric Vehicle Charger Station Charging Point with Type2 Cable 18 Feet, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Waterproof Colored Fabric Mosquito Plastic Window Mosquito Netting]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Yashi 98 Inch Display Multi Touch Interactive Whiteboard   LCD, M.M.(1994),Low Power Consumption Laser Foam Vertical Die Cutting Machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[I9s Tws Wireless Earphone Portable Bluetooth Headset Earbud]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[450mm 500mm Diamond Saw Blade with Good Sharpness for Reinforced Concrete Cutting]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-New Bone China Mug, 16oz Coffee Cup, New Shape Ceramic Mug, High Quality White Mug. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[PCD Concrete Grinding Cup Wheel Diamond Tools for Urethane Epoxy and Paint]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Agriculture Plastic Film Polycarbonate Metal Prefab Greenhouse. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[PVC Shrink Sleeve Label for Drinking Water Bottle]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[750W 8X16 Precision Mini Metal Lathe 3 Jaw 50-2500rpm]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Wide Jaws Adjustable Wrench with Big Grip Multi-Used (FM-W04)]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Quality Crusher for Used Plastic Recycling Line: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Starry Laser Holographic Nail Glitter Powder Copper Shining Glitters]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[E308lt1-1 Blue Arc Mig Welding Wire]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Hot Sale Biodegradable and Recycled Paper Straws]

High Torque Low Rpm DC 24 Volt Motor Servo Brushless Motor Kw 750W 24V 750W BLDC Motor High Rotating Speed Agv Drive Unit, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),SS304 316 DIN Standard Ce Stainless Steel Spool Wire for Binding or Weaving-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Construction & Decoration ERW Square Steel Tube Manufacturer]

High Torque Low Rpm DC 24 Volt Motor Servo Brushless Motor Kw 750W 24V 750W BLDC Motor High Rotating Speed Agv Drive Unit,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[M4X10 Round Head Core Pulling Aluminum Nail]

High Torque Low Rpm DC 24 Volt Motor Servo Brushless Motor Kw 750W 24V 750W BLDC Motor High Rotating Speed Agv Drive Unit, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Wear Resitant Rope End Cap Plastic Flange Cover, Part I.Comfortable Two Piece Women Fitness Clothing for Gym Wear. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[EPS/Rock Wool/Glass Wool/PU Sandwich Wall Board with High Quality Low Price]

Industrial Ultrasonic Cleaning Machine Rinsing Drying Function Muti Tanks Ultrasonic Cleaner, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Flat Surface Mounted 300mm 24W LED Panel Light for Interior.Latex Paint Emulsion Thickener Agents with High Leveling Property, 175-184[Fast Construction Long Span Steel Frame Warehouse Building Design]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[ Metal Window Screen]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Fresh Juice with Suagr Filling Bottling Machine Small Scale Low Prices. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[High Quality Casting Cover Aluminum Die Casting Products]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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