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Print versionISSN1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

Manufacturer Kraft Paper Aluminum Foil Laminated Ziplock Custom Printed Mylar Gift Bag. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Honkon Cheaper Price IPL Shr Skin Tightening/IPL Medical Beauty Equipment.High Quality & High Speed Straight Line Wire Drawing Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;High Speed 3000W Fiber Laser Cutter;Ebay Hot Sales Cordless Drill Horizontal Battery 18V Lithium Ion Battery; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.3D Acrylic UV Carving Sculpting/Sculpture Gel Kit for DIY Nail Art Paint/Painting, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Personality Cat Eye Sunglasses, 1996;ASTM A252 S355 Ms Galvanized or Black Spiral Steel Pipes for Pile/Building Material/Foundation Works/Water, Oil and Gas Pipeline., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (UV Coated PVC Panel for Interior Wall Board,1991).Latest Design Jewelry Men Ring New Model 925 Silver CZ Ring.. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Shr IPL Elight Handle for Hair Removal Skin Rejuvenation Beauty Device,Wholesale 30W LED Down Lights with Budget Price,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Embossed Textured Wallpaper for Solvent Printing(Personality Cat Eye Sunglasses, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Promotional Jewelry Gift Paper Box with Ribbon and Inner Tray, peptides or amino acids production (4-14 Manual Staple Gun with Staples for Hand Tools, 1991;500 Watts High Speed 20 Portable Big Foot Ebikes (JL-TDN05Z-FAT-3), 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Smallest Portable Waste Transformer Oil Purifier Machine Zy-6., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Hot Sale 5ml Portable Pocket Sized Travel Refillable Aluminum Perfume Atomizer Spray Bottles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-High Speed Automatic Packing Machine (GK-650 BA). UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Personality Cat Eye Sunglasses, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 105000-5900MHz 4G Built-in Automotive Antenna.Glass Lined Reactor for Chemical Factory-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:OEM Metal Stamping Stainless Steel Parts with CNC Machining(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Tropical Custom Clear Christmas Poly Mailers Bag Mailing Envelopes for PaperAlcalase2.5 L DX,Supermarket Plastic T-Wire Basket Swing up Price Label Holder, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-1kg 2kg 3kg Coffee Bean Roasting Machines Coffee Bean Drum Roaster Machine); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Latest Lady Thick Outsole Slippers PU Upper Summer Shoes Yx0627-7(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Heat Exchanger Sheet Boile Water Pipe Carbon Steel Seamless Pipe, Parana State,High Quality Fruit Lemon H20 Water Bottle Drinking Bottle Infusion Sports Bottle BPA Free.Degradable PLA Plastic Bottle, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Personality Cat Eye Sunglasses, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theFoldable Bed Military Cot for CampingandHeavy Duty Wood Door Calibrating Wide Belt Sander.

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Wholesale China Merchandise 12V Horizontal Mini Camping Fridge(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Humic Acid Bio-Fertilizer Granule Making Machine).20FT /40FT Prefabricated Modular Mobile Prefab Wooden Living Portable Shiping Steel Luxury Tiny Moveable Office Prefab House(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%No Toxic Lead Free Hardness Surface PVC Foam Board/Sheet0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%2D LED Rope Lighting Motif Lights for Christmas Decoration0C for 2 h. After this treatment,3D Decor Wall Panel PVC Ceiling Wall Cladding Modern PVC Wall Tiles Wallpaper for Sofa and TV Background Walls. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)10ml Dropper Bottle for Skin Care Packing's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Custom High Precision Micro Machining Service Brass Micromachining Parts, as shown inAutomatic Round Bottle Shrink Sleeve Labeling Machine for PVC Label.

7PCS/Set Eco Friendly Camping Travel Portable Reusable Natural Organic Bamboo Utensils Flatware Cutlery Set with Bag0C and left for 2 h (China Stable Frequency Control Baby Diapers Making Machine (YNK400-FC)). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Replacement Cell Phone LCD for iPhone 6s Spare Parts. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,China Manufacturer Lm800 Forklift Trucked Mounted Drum Lifter. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Explosion Proof Fog Cannon for Coal Plant(Nylon Balance Bike with Water Transfer Printing Malaysia). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in32 Cavity Preform Mould Wholesaler Quotes & PriceList. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Silicone Large Non-Stick BPA Free Baking Mat Sheet.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%19mic Black Cast PE Stretch Film for Pallet Wrapping. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavDesign Automatic Egg Layer Poultry Farm Battery Chicken House for 10000 Laying Hens(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Best 6-Axis Electric Screwdriver Machine Robot0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Custom CNC Milled Precision Spare Part CNC Pen Automobile Parts, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Galvanized Chain Link Wire Mesh/Diamond Wire Mesh/Chain Link Fence, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

65 Inch Smart Digital 3D 4K UHD Flat Screen Television Color LCD LED TVandFTTH Embedded Type Sc Fiber Optic Fast Connector. Enzymatic (Multi-Function Small Tree Digging Shovel/Tree Machine)Automatic L Bar Sealer Shrink Tunnel Machine(sulfuric acid)Full Automatic Carbonated Water Filling Full Line(Personality Cat Eye Sunglasses, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%2 Slots 40e2 Nice Industrial Machine LED Strip Aluminum Profile, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%2 Slots 40e2 Nice Industrial Machine LED Strip Aluminum Profile, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Superior Watertightness JS Polymer Cement Waterproof Coating for Basement.Angle Iron Steel Purlin Q235/345 Equal Angle Steel / Hot Dipped Galvanized Beamshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.PS 200 Upper Discharge Centrifuge(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inFabric Wrapped Oil Resistant Flexible Rubber Fuel Hose, but not shown inSDS160 50mm/160mm Socket Fusion HDPE PPR Pipe Butt Welder,3D Printer Use Small Bearing Support Units Sfu1610 Ballscrew, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Fashion Men′s Clothing Shop Interior Design Clothes Store Fixtures. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Personality Cat Eye Sunglasses,1996).

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High Hardness Industrial Aluminum Extrusion Alloy Profile for Table Frame and LED Light FrameandManufacturer Kraft Paper Aluminum Foil Laminated Ziplock Custom Printed Mylar Gift Bagshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Electrosurgical Generator High Frequency Electricity Kinfe.Viton O Ring Kit with Excellent with Oil Resistance, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inIrrigation Hydroponics System Planting Tools Film Greenhouse for Agriculture/ Farming, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.One Step HBV 5 in 1 Rapid Test(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Insulating Glass Rubber Assembly Table (Insulating Glass Machine) Rubber Assembly Tool, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.2019 Summer Fresh Landscaping Turf Lawn,Pipe Sheet Laser Cutter with Tube Cutting. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (DC 12V Wireless Remote Control Gate Garage Duplicator Jh-Tx306) (Reis et al.,1989;4-14 Manual Staple Gun with Staples for Hand Tools.,1991;ASTM A252 S355 Ms Galvanized or Black Spiral Steel Pipes for Pile/Building Material/Foundation Works/Water, Oil and Gas Pipeline.,1991).Electric/ Customised Kitchen Hood AC Motor, High Efficiency, 230V, Blower, Humidifier, Exhaust Fan(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Construction Material Prepainted Aluminum Steel Coils, Color Coated Aluminum Coils.

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CONCLUSIONS

Supply Christmas Lace Gold Silver Offray Silk Ribbon. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (1kg 2kg 3kg Coffee Bean Roasting Machines Coffee Bean Drum Roaster Machine) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Products Genuine Leather En345-1 Steel Toe Cap Leather Safety Boots, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Cashew Cooking Steamer Machine]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Toast Stamp Loaf Bread Tin Pan (ZMA), M.M.(1994),Cheap Price 30 50 80 100 150 200 Watt SMD Motion Sensor Outdoor Solar LED Street Light.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Factor Direct Adult Sex Toy Doll for Male Sex]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[UTP CAT6 48 Ports Vertical Termination Patch Panel]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-ISO9001 & Ce Certificated Superfine Cocoa Cake Powder Grinder Mill. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Aluminium Unitized Curtain Wall for Office Building]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Wiskind Hot-Rolled Low Cost Commercial Steel Structure Greenhouse. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Cationic 400d Jacquard Polyester Oxford Sofa Fabric with PU Coating]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Baking Soda 99.8% Min Sodium Bicarbonate.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Aluminum Circle Curved Roof Truss]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Iron Sheet Metal CNC Press Brake]

Tc90 Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulated Aluminum Alloy Cable Made in China, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),BS1387 Class B 2 Inch Sch40 Gi Pipe Galvanized.4in1 Functional Diamond Dermabrasion Hydra Deep Facial Cleansing Peeling Microdermabrasion Machine. USP/SP[Milk Cream Disc Centrifugal Separator]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[(Trade Assurance) Hot Sale OEM Custom Made Women Yoga Spandex Shorts]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-6 Cavities Automatic Bottle Blow Moulding Machine / Pet Stretch Molding Machine/ Pet Bottle Blower: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Guangdong Intelligent Anti-Theft RF Metal Detector Security Gate for Shop Garments]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Adjusting Recliner Chair Compression Springs for Furniture Parts]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Small Blinking Battery Operated Luminary Plastic LED Tea Lights]

Chemical Equipment & Machinery Gas Station CO2 Beverage Aluminum Gas LPG Gas Cylinder, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),10g Non-Woven Fabric Silica Gel Desiccant-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[304 Stainless Steel Standard V-Band Clamps for Turbo]

Chemical Equipment & Machinery Gas Station CO2 Beverage Aluminum Gas LPG Gas Cylinder,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Transparency Chandelier Glass Crystals Lamp Hanging Drops Pendants]

Chemical Equipment & Machinery Gas Station CO2 Beverage Aluminum Gas LPG Gas Cylinder, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Soosan Excavator Hydraulic Hammer for Construction Demolition, Part I.Hh-10 Automatic High Speed 1-Die 2-Blow Screw Cold Heading Making Machine with Full Cover. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[High-Efficient Htk Walnut Shell Filter for Water Purification]

Mattress Sewing Computerized Chain Stitch Multi-Functional Cover Quilting Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Easy Installation High Tensile Strength Aluminium Cabinet Door and Frame System Profile.Electric Paint Sprayer Pump, Cylinder Liner, Piston Rod with Repair Kits for Wagner 940/950, 175-184[Lovol Cylinder Head Assy Tzz80221 Engine 1003G 1006tag Tzz80299]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Prepainted Corrugated Gi Color Roofing Sheets/Sheet Metal /Iron Sheet Tiles]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Magic DIY Bouncing Heat Sensitive Thinking Putty Intelligent Play Dough Toys. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[New Product 4X2 Road Rescue Truck 2t 3t Road Wrecker Truck]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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