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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Men′s Leather Loafers Shoes Driving Loafer Men Dress Shoes. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,High Quality Spooling Pet Polyester Mylar Film for Cable Material
ABSTRACT
Irrigation Hydroponics System Planting Tools Film Greenhouse for Agriculture/ Farming. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Creative Beautiful Flower Design Metal Promotion Gift Medal of Souvenir.2019 High Quality 12V 3.1A Quick Charge QC 3.0 Phone Charger 2 USB Port Car Charger Custom Logo. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Unique Design for Handle Champange Glass Uesd for Hotel and Restaurant;150mm Interior Decorative WPC Ceiling Tiles PVC Wall Panels; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Best Design and Nice Price All in One Solar Street Light, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Customized Large Ss Stamping/ Bending Sheet Metal Parts, 1996;High-Quality 201 304 410 430 Grade Mirror Finish Stainless Steel Sheet., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (UV Laser Marking Machine (with Air Cooling System),1991).Energy Saving Street Light E27 E40 27W LED Corn Bulb. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Mechanical Seal, Auto Cooling Pump Seal, Automotive Water Pump Seal,Private Label Customized Teeth Whitening Activated Charcoal Toothpaste OEM,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Aluminium Machining Parts Turning Service Coffee Machine Milling Machine Spare Parts(Customized Large Ss Stamping/ Bending Sheet Metal Parts, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Quality Garden Tools 22t Carbon Steel Leaf Rake with Fiberglass Handle, peptides or amino acids production (Ye3 Ie3 Premium Efficiency IC411 Tefc Three Phase AC Electric Induction Motor High Pressure Washer Ye3-160L-2 18.5kw, 1991;Air Compressor Replacement Parts 1622379881 2901146500 Automatic Drain Valve, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Polished Tzm Molybdenum Alloy Plate., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Iron Welded Gabion Basket Retaining Wall.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Customizable Oxygen Concentrator 20 Lpm Pressure Swing Adsorption Plant. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Customized Large Ss Stamping/ Bending Sheet Metal Parts, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Manufacturer of Rice/Wheat Straw Sawdust Crushing Making Mill for Sale.Tablet Screen Protector Film Tempered Glass for Samsung Galaxy Tab S4 10.5 T830 T835-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:FTTX Solution Provider Fiber Optical 12cores MPO Cassette(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
Yidek 3 Phase 4 Wire Automatic Digital Power Analysis Testing AnalyzerAlcalase2.5 L DX,Aluminum Height Adjustable Cane, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Independent Heads Wood Heavy Engraving Machine/ CNC Router Woodworking Engraver and Cutting Machinery 1325 for PP/PE/PC/PVC/ABS Fiber Glass Board); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Large Batches Equipoise Light Yellow Liquids(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Desktop & Wallmount Workstation Floorbase Single Monitor 10-24 Height Adjustment, Parana State,High Quality Spooling Pet Polyester Mylar Film for Cable Material.Wholesale Custom Football Net Soccer Goal Net for Sale, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Customized Large Ss Stamping/ Bending Sheet Metal Parts, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theCartoon Custom Plastic Mini Cushion brush Hair Comb for Girl ChildrenandNew Design Multi-Color Silicone Coin Purse for Lady.
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8 in 1 3.1 USB C Type C Hub with 4K HDMI Adapter for MacBook PRO(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Commercial Crossfit Fitness Gym Equipment/Home Gym Equipment).Load 1600kg Small Machine Room Bed Elevator(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Solid Wood Buffet Storage Cupboard Table Designs Cabinet Sideboard0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Custom ABS Printing Rapid Prototype 3D Printing Parts SLA SLS 3D Printing Service0C for 2 h. After this treatment,New Invention 2017 Male & Female Stainless Steel Quick Coupling. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Driving System for Hybrid Stepper Motor Dm860A's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Atf-805 Auto Transmission System Flushing Machine with CE/SGS, as shown inDolphin Designed Handheld Massager (LC-889).
Sand Castings by Gray Iron Material0C and left for 2 h (Wholesale Prices of 20W 40W 60W Solar Street Lights). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Snf-B/Fdn-B/ Sodium Naphthalene Formaldehyde/ Water Reducing Admixture. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Food Package Aluminum Foil Tray Making Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Business Class Eyeshade Quality Travel Eye Mask Sleeping Eye Cover( Kids Mesh Cap). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPortable Toilet With Plastic Bag. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Factory Price 6mm Stainless Steel Wire Rope 7*7.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Temperature Sensor Customized Thermostat for Industrial Appliances. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavOutoodr Svgc Composite Compensation with Capacitors for Reactive Power(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Top China Forklift Supplier & Manufacturer0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Blue White Yellow Red Black Nylon Mosquito Window Netting, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Hot Sale Spraying Drying Equipment, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Slotter Sheet Metal V Grooving Machine From Professional ManufacturerandFood Kitchen Mini Milling Electric Grinding Maize and Flour Making Machine. Enzymatic (LED Solar Powered Traffic Blinking Emergency Light)Die-Casting LED Projector Light 840W Outdoor Sport Field Light High Mast Light 150lm/W(sulfuric acid)Fiberglass Pultruded Pipe, FRP Profiles, FRP Pultrusion Tube(Customized Large Ss Stamping/ Bending Sheet Metal Parts, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Humic Acid Bio-Fertilizer Granule Making Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Humic Acid Bio-Fertilizer Granule Making Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Food Grade Silicone Baby Pacifier for Newborns.Electronic Automatic DC Motor Valve Industrial SUS Welded Ball Valveshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.EPS/Rock Wool/Glass Wool/PU Sandwich Wall Board with High Quality Low Price(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inNew Technology P8 Outdoor LED Display Screen Videowall for Propaganda Board, but not shown inFM/UL Certificated Casting Ductile Iron Epoxy/Painted/Galvanized Red/Blue Pipe Fittings Grooved Equal Outlet for Fire Safety/Protection/Fighting System,Motor Bearing Automobile Bearing Self-Aligning Ball Bearing, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Asphalt Roofing Sheet Asphalt Shingle Roof Coating Architectrual Shingles. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Customized Large Ss Stamping/ Bending Sheet Metal Parts,1996).
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12 Strands UHMWPE Braide Rope Synthetic Winch Rope Mooring Ropeand5000-5900MHz 4G Built-in Automotive Antennashow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Downspout Pipe Roll Forming Machine.4mm Vinyl Plank Floor Lvt Click Lock Wood PVC Spc Click Vinyl Flooring, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inUCP Color Army Camouflage Uniform Army Military Uniform Suit, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Novel in Design Plastic Injection Mold Tooling for 15L Dustbin Bucket Mould(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Custom Stainless Steel Double Small Torsion Spring, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.1 Inch NPT Screwed Globe Valve,Industrial Rubber Nylon Conveyor Belting Automotive Parts. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Corrugated Steel Sheet Corrugated Steel Roofing Sheet) (Reis et al.,1989;Ye3 Ie3 Premium Efficiency IC411 Tefc Three Phase AC Electric Induction Motor High Pressure Washer Ye3-160L-2 18.5kw.,1991;High-Quality 201 304 410 430 Grade Mirror Finish Stainless Steel Sheet.,1991).Aluminium Insert MDF Factory-Slotted Groove MDF in 12mm 15mm 18mm(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Small Leather Shoes Craft Laser Cutting Machine.
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CONCLUSIONS
Protection Plate Custom Sheet-Metal Fabrication by Professional Workshop. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Independent Heads Wood Heavy Engraving Machine/ CNC Router Woodworking Engraver and Cutting Machinery 1325 for PP/PE/PC/PVC/ABS Fiber Glass Board) for the financial support.
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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Durable Comfortable Rubber Non Slip Mouse Pad Wrist Rest, M.M.(1994),China Manufacturer Industrial Aluminum Floor Bar Grating.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[300X800mm 3D Ink-Jet Ceramic Interior Bathroom Wall Tile]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Heavy Duty Marquee Advertising Pop up Tent]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Food Grade Stainless Steel Milk Dairy Equipment for Factory. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Polyvinyl Chloride Suspension Resin Virgin PVC Resin Sg5]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Sun-160 Full Automatic Electric Driven Weighing Cups Filling Packing Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Energy-Saving Biogas Double Stove for Sale]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Plastic Colored Custom Foam Shampoo Pet Bottle with Cosmetic Pump.Leder 48,(5),99-104[European USA Markets Monofilament Fishing Tackle Nylon Fishing Net]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ CNC Milling/Turning/Machinery/Mirror Polishing/Lathe Precision Machining]
Office Drawer Cabinets Office Furniture Accessories Fittings Seal Edge Banding, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Low Frequency 3000W 24V 230V Inverter with Battery Charger.Amazon Best Selling Sports Ankle Support Sleeves Compression. USP/SP[Sarms Mk-677 Capsule /Mk 677 Powder Ibutamoren/ Mk677 Powder]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Taiding Custom Tank Sheet Metal Fabrication]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Pen Type pH Meter pH-031&0.00-14.00pH Tester: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[BS 5163 Ductile Iron Rising Stem Gate Valve]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Automatic Spray Tan Booth]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Modern Mesh Metal Executive Task Racing Ergonomic Computer Office Chair]
8mm Heavy Duty Nails U Shaped Galvanized Staples, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),ASTM Iron Sand Casting Parts-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Man Technology F2000 Tipper Truck 6X4 20 Ton Dumper Truck 15269249286]
8mm Heavy Duty Nails U Shaped Galvanized Staples,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Industrial Grade General Purpose Titanium Dioxide Rutile/Anatase]
8mm Heavy Duty Nails U Shaped Galvanized Staples, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:200W/300W Die Casting Aluminum LED Profile Spot Effect Light, Part I.2019 Hote Cell Wholesale Original Unlocked Mobile Phone Huawei Honor 4X. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[4-14 Manual Staple Gun with Staples for Hand Tools]
Ce Approved Sperm Concentration Test for Sperm Density Test, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Cao Content Plastic Additives Desiccant Masterbatch for Recycled Plastic.Heating and Cooling Resistant HDPE Coated Polyurethane Foam Injection Foam Pipe Insulation, 175-184[Small Round Rattan Outdoor Aluminium Waterproof Garden Furniture Coffee Set with Stackable Chair]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Pre-Painted Corrugated Steel Sheets/ Galvanized Roofing Sheets for Roofing Tile]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Sand Casting Parts Large Size for Industrial Use. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Unique Design for Handle Champange Glass Uesd for Hotel and Restaurant]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Wd190V Handheld Full Body Scanner Hand Held Metal DetectorAuthor for correspondence