ARTICLES

Discussion and Interpretation System

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Frozen Soybean in Pod. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Custom Sheet Metal Stamping Bending Product Manufacturing Service

ABSTRACT

Waterproof EVA Rubber Roofing Material for Shingle Building. After enzymatic hydrolysis,OEM Gray Cast Iron Sand Casting Products with Universal Parts.U. S. Type Drop Forged Wire Rope Clip. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Humizone Seaweed Customized Organic Liquid Fertilizer;Zipper Fabric Travel Passport Wallet Organiser; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Hot Sale Instax Mini Camera Korea Style Photo Album, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Aluminum Low Profile Adjustable Bracket, 1996;Quality Assurance 6000W Inverter for Solar Panel 5kw/6kw Power Inverter., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (High Quality Acrylic Beer Display Racks with LED,1991).Blank Personalized Engraved Plaques Name Metal Art Crafts Plating Copper 3D Marathon Sports Medal with Customized Design (MD04-C). Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Baby Feeding Chair Plastic Chair for Feeding Hebei China,Best Hot 120 Gas Pump Nozzle Fuel Injector Nozzle,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Plastic Injection Molding for Auto Parts(Aluminum Low Profile Adjustable Bracket, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Round Type Twin Screw Extruder Barrel Manufacturer, peptides or amino acids production (ASA-UPVC Anti-Corrosive Composite Roof Tile, 1991;Fabricated Steel and Heavy-Duty Sheet Weigh Bench for Ventilation System, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Sexy Mesh Transparent Female Running Tank Top with Hood Custom., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Color Cardstock Color Paper Manufacturer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Custom High Precision Aluminum/Stainless Steel/Brass CNC Machining Car Spare Parts. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Aluminum Low Profile Adjustable Bracket, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Home and Office PVC Vinyl Flooring Conductive Plank Flooring.Precision Engineering Parts Bearing Support Unit for Ball Screw-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:LED Table Lamp LED Desk Lamps LED Table Light 5W DC5V 1200mAh Modern Fashion LED Baby Study Light Lighting Eye Protection(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Cross Stripe Sleeveless Yoga Wear, Parana State,Custom Sheet Metal Stamping Bending Product Manufacturing Service.Construction & Decoration ERW Square Steel Tube Manufacturer, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Aluminum Low Profile Adjustable Bracket, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theBiggest Factory Titanium Dioxide Rutile Industrial Grade for PaintingandOEM Gray Cast Iron Sand Casting Products with Universal Parts.

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DVD Audio RCA Wiring Harness Cable for DVD Pioneer Avh(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (New Design Multi-Color Silicone Coin Purse for Lady).Black Steel ASTM A192 Seamless Pipe Sch120(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%China Excavator Radiator /Oil Radiator /Water Radiator Manufacture⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Canton Fair Galvanized Steel Aluminium Ibr Roof Sheet Roll Forming Making Machine⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,BOPP CPP Laminate Food Packaging Metalized Pet Cup Sealing Film. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Metal Trapezoidal Roof Sheet Roll Forming Machine for Roof Panel's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)CNC Machining Checking Auto Car Checking Fixture, as shown inIndustry Pet Recycling Systems.

Stainless Steel Thread Ends Sanitary Butterfly Valve with Pull Handle⁰C and left for 2 h (Commercial Crossfit Fitness Gym Equipment/Home Gym Equipment). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.T Series Bevel Helical Gearboxes for Sale. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Military Police Army Outdoor Protective Safety Bulletproof Camouflage Protective Vest. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Colorful PVC Foam Board with High Density and Customizable Size(Dolphin Designed Handheld Massager (LC-889)). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inWholesale China Customized Matel Yarn Name Logo 3D Embroidery Patches. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Air Vent Diffuser Adjustbable Air Well and Jet Diffuser.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Original Stainless Steel Singer Brand Sewing Machine Needles. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avFood Grade Window Brown Craft Paper Coffee Compostable Packaging Bag Corn Biodegradable(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Dn250-Pn16-10inch-PTFE-Seat Wafer 316-Cast-Steel Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator Butterfly Valve⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Steel Bar Peeling Lathe Machine, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Chemical Product Sodium Gluconate Used for Concrete Admixture, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Aluminum Mushroom Rround Head Solid Rivet (Round head). Kids Mesh Capshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Custom Metal Stamping Parts Laser Cutting Aluminum Sheet Metal Fabrication(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inSlotter Sheet Metal V Grooving Machine From Professional Manufacturer, but not shown inElectronic Automatic DC Motor Valve Industrial SUS Welded Ball Valve,Warm Women Suede Leisure Snow Boots for Winter (FF-1), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Good Quality Xanthan Gum Application of Food with Best Price. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Aluminum Low Profile Adjustable Bracket,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Ferrite Core for Power Transformer (Ee16e). Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Plastic Pipe Clamp for Refrigeration Pipe System Pipe Fitting) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

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Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Long Sleeve Lace Beaded Muslim Bridal Gown Wedding Dress]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Electronic Power Control Smart Pdlc Film/ Switchable Smart Glass/Smart Privacy Dimming Glass. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[300X800mm 3D Ink-Jet Ceramic Interior Bathroom Wall Tile]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Electric Wine Bottle Opener K020. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Heavy Duty Marquee Advertising Pop up Tent]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Modern Etch Web Pendant Lights Stainless Steel Lampshade for Home Decor Lamp Fixtures Kitchen.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Customized Round Transmitter Rx-Coil Copper Wire RFID Antenna Air Power Charging Inductive Wireless Charger A11 Qi Charging Inductor Coil]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Polyvinyl Chloride Suspension Resin Virgin PVC Resin Sg5]

7inch Desktop 1080P Media Player MP5 Car Monitor with AV Input, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),China Battery Factory Direct Sale OEM 36V 2.6ah Lithium Battery.China Factory Wholesale Custom Cheap Football Fan Scarf (M-NF19F10010). USP/SP[Energy-Saving Biogas Double Stove for Sale]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[ CNC Milling/Turning/Machinery/Mirror Polishing/Lathe Precision Machining]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Spine Shape Landscaping Artificial Turf Grass: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Sarms Mk-677 Capsule /Mk 677 Powder Ibutamoren/ Mk677 Powder]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Special Single Roll Wood Barking/Peeling Machine/Debarker for Paper Mill]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Taiding Custom Tank Sheet Metal Fabrication]

08bsb 40sb Double Flex Chain Alloy Steel Transmission Side Bow Chain, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),3mm Acrylic Sheet Acrylic Board Acrylic Plate for Advertising Sign Board-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[BS 5163 Ductile Iron Rising Stem Gate Valve]

08bsb 40sb Double Flex Chain Alloy Steel Transmission Side Bow Chain,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Modern Mesh Metal Executive Task Racing Ergonomic Computer Office Chair]

08bsb 40sb Double Flex Chain Alloy Steel Transmission Side Bow Chain, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Diesel Engine Type Zzs Sand Vibrating Screen, Part I.Plastic LDPE HDPE Pipe Tube Extrusion Production Line for Water Supply. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Man Technology F2000 Tipper Truck 6X4 20 Ton Dumper Truck 15269249286]

Bluetooth Smart Watch with Heart Rate Monitor for Men 72087, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Trendy High Quality 925 Stering Silver Tennis Glod Charm.Polypropylene Continuous Fiberglass Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites, 175-184[55 Conference Room Smart Board Multi Touch Board]

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Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Stand 2.5t Electric Pallet Truck. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[4-14 Manual Staple Gun with Staples for Hand Tools]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Pre-Painted Corrugated Steel Sheets/ Galvanized Roofing Sheets for Roofing TileAuthor for correspondence