ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Motor Bearing Automobile Bearing Self-Aligning Ball Bearing. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Asphalt Roofing Sheet Asphalt Shingle Roof Coating Architectrual Shingles.Downspout Pipe Roll Forming Machine. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;4mm Vinyl Plank Floor Lvt Click Lock Wood PVC Spc Click Vinyl Flooring;Novel in Design Plastic Injection Mold Tooling for 15L Dustbin Bucket Mould; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Custom Stainless Steel Double Small Torsion Spring, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (1 Inch NPT Screwed Globe Valve, 1996;Industrial Rubber Nylon Conveyor Belting Automotive Parts., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Aluminium Insert MDF Factory-Slotted Groove MDF in 12mm 15mm 18mm,1991).Small Leather Shoes Craft Laser Cutting Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Protection Plate Custom Sheet-Metal Fabrication by Professional Workshop,Baby Toothbrush Kids Silicone Finger Brush, Baby Finger Toothbrush,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Durable Comfortable Rubber Non Slip Mouse Pad Wrist Rest(1 Inch NPT Screwed Globe Valve, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,China Manufacturer Industrial Aluminum Floor Bar Grating, peptides or amino acids production (Food Grade Stainless Steel Milk Dairy Equipment for Factory, 1991;Sun-160 Full Automatic Electric Driven Weighing Cups Filling Packing Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Plastic Colored Custom Foam Shampoo Pet Bottle with Cosmetic Pump., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Low Frequency 3000W 24V 230V Inverter with Battery Charger.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Amazon Best Selling Sports Ankle Support Sleeves Compression. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (1 Inch NPT Screwed Globe Valve, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Pen Type pH Meter pH-031&0.00-14.00pH Tester.8mm Heavy Duty Nails U Shaped Galvanized Staples-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:ASTM Iron Sand Casting Parts(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

200W/300W Die Casting Aluminum LED Profile Spot Effect LightAlcalase2.5 L DX,2019 Hote Cell Wholesale Original Unlocked Mobile Phone Huawei Honor 4X, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Ce Approved Sperm Concentration Test for Sperm Density Test); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Cao Content Plastic Additives Desiccant Masterbatch for Recycled Plastic(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Heating and Cooling Resistant HDPE Coated Polyurethane Foam Injection Foam Pipe Insulation, Parana State,EPS/Rock Wool/Glass Wool/PU Sandwich Wall Board with High Quality Low Price.Sand Casting Parts Large Size for Industrial Use, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (1 Inch NPT Screwed Globe Valve, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theStainless Steel Thread Ends Sanitary Butterfly Valve with Pull HandleandProfessional Stainless Steel Ethanol Processing Plant From Cassava.

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Durable Steel Retainer Plastic Road Safety Trench Cover(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (CE Certificated Wheel Loader (HQ912) with Agricultural Tire).Iron Cast Brake Drums for Trucks(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Eco-Friendly Barware Food Grade Stainless Steel 304 Reusable Custom Straws⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Folding Aluminium Easy Move Choral Stage with Wheels for School⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Factory Direct Sale Turnbuckle Tensioner Open Body Orchid Tightener Rigging Screw Quantity Discounts. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)330FT 842-12-12.5 Powder Coated Pasture Sheep Wire Mesh Farm Fencing's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Dental Equipment Dental Intraoral Camera Endoscope 17 Inch LCD Monitor, as shown inHigh Aluminum Insulating Ceramic Fiber Paper for Industrial Kilns.

Computerized Single Fishnet Jacquard Circular Knitting Machine⁰C and left for 2 h (Factory Price 6mm Stainless Steel Wire Rope 7*7). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Low Volume Large Variety Non Standard Customized High Precision CNC Machining Parts. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Milk Cream Disc Centrifugal Separator. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Bobcat Skid Steer Loader Bucket Teeth 6737325lp(600*600mm 800*800mm CO2 Laser Carving Machine for Paper Metal Tube). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPrecision Cheap Steel Sheet Metal Cabinets Bracket. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Industrial 30W/50W/80W/100W/120W/150W/200W/300W Remote Control LED Solar Street Flood Lawn Gardern Wall Solar Light.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Stainless Steel Counter Top Working Table Chiller. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avCashew Grading Machine for Cashew Processing Line(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Multicore Underground Aluminum Conductor Steel Tape Armored Power Cable⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/New Design Exaggerated Cute Gem Cotton Tassel Brand Earrings, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Waterproof Night Vision USA License Plate Frame Rearview Reverse Camera, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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High Quality 100% Cotton Printing Blank Short Sleeve T Shirt Hoodie with Your Logo.Glass Food Jar & Plastic Lidshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Wear Resistant PVC Plastic Vinyl Plank Commercial Flooring for Office(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inNPK 15 15 15 Compound Fertilizer at a Hot Selling, but not shown inPrefab Steel Structure Shed for Storage Warehouse,Starry Laser Holographic Nail Glitter Powder Copper Shining Glitters, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).9~12 Inch Mechanical Backing Plate. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (1 Inch NPT Screwed Globe Valve,1996).

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60m3/H Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.SGS Steel Lab Acid and Alkali Resistance Fume Hood Laboratory Furniture with Ce Certification (JH-FC019),Super Fireproof Antibiosis Household Spc Vinyl Floor Plank. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Hot Sale High Quality Candy/Food/Cake/Soap Pillow Packing Machine (BS-250)) (Reis et al.,1989;Food Grade Stainless Steel Milk Dairy Equipment for Factory.,1991;Industrial Rubber Nylon Conveyor Belting Automotive Parts.,1991).High Quality Feet Protection Industrial Cow Split Leather Working Safety Shoes(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Soldering Machine LED Module PCB Hot Air Soldering Station.

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CONCLUSIONS

220V/380V/400V/415V/460V/525V Material Handling Equipment Heavy Duty 50 Ton Electrical Chain Hoist. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Ce Approved Sperm Concentration Test for Sperm Density Test) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Aluminum Type-C 3.1 Adapter with 4K HDMI/VGA/SD/TF/RJ45/USB 3.0/Pd 100W, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Three-Phase Vibrating Motor]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,High Safety Double Wire Security Metal Welded Wire Mesh Fence, M.M.(1994),Pneumatic Air Driven Liquid Booster Pump.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[New PP Plastic 24mm 28mm Liquid Cream Pump for Lotion Bottles Rd-238]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Cuticle Aligned Raw Virgin Hair Easy to Dye Real Mink Brazilian Hair]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Heavy Duty Wood Door Calibrating Wide Belt Sander. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Aluminum Low Profile Adjustable Bracket]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Magnifying Mirror Shaving Mirror 2X, 3X, 5X, 8X, 10X. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Industrial Oil Cooler Titanium  Shell and Tube Oil Cooler  for Water Pump]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Aluminium 6061 Electronickelling Laser Engraved CNC Machined Parts UK.Leder 48,(5),99-104[0.54 Inch Dual Digit 14 Segment LED Display]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[22 Inch Wall Mountdigital Photo Frame Interactive Touch Screen Bus Media Player Advertising Poster]

Humic Acid Bio-Fertilizer Granule Making Machine, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),X-Humate 95% Min Super Sodium Humate (Nut Moradant).Cleanroom Building Material Cheap Price Rock Wool Core Sandwich Partition Board. USP/SP[Airport Runway Reinforced PP Twist Fiber Toghter with Mesh Fiber]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Pen Type pH Meter pH-031&0.00-14.00pH Tester]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Women Summer Swimsuit Chest Zip Bathing Suit: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Stamping Metal Parts Manufacturer Sheet Parts Fabrication]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.ldkchina.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Wooden Heavy Door All Kind of Stainless Steel Ball Bearing Door Hinge]

Hemp Seed Oil Body Lotion Moisturizes The Skin, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),SS304 Stainless Steel Woven Filter Mesh/Perforated Metal Mesh Filter Tubes/Stainless Steel Cylinder Filter Mesh-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Ce Apporved New Model Aluminum 10W/15W/20W/25W/30W COB LED Downlight]

Hemp Seed Oil Body Lotion Moisturizes The Skin,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Efficiency Solar Cell Photovoltaic 300W Hot Sell]

Hemp Seed Oil Body Lotion Moisturizes The Skin, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Cost-Effective 10600nm CO2 Fractional Laser Vaginal Tightening Skin Resurfacing and Stretch Marks Removal, Part I.UTP CAT6 48 Ports Vertical Termination Patch Panel. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Tc90 Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulated Aluminum Alloy Cable Made in China]

Prefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Custom Printed Paper Cardboard Slidie Jewelry Gift Packing Box.Rechargeable Hailong Type Lithium 18650 Battery 36V 8ah 10ah 12ah 15ah Electric Bike Batteries, 175-184[Oil & Gas Valves]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Powder Coating Polyester Resin with Factory Price]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Custom Velvet Gift Jewelry Packaging Pouch with Plastic Lock Close. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Galvanized PVC Concertina Razor Barbed Wire Barrier Fence Cbt-60]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Nubuck Leather Safety Shoe with EVA&Rubber Outsole (SN5444)Author for correspondence