ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

High Quality 5PCS Pyrex Glass Bowl Set with Decals (TZ5-GB13G55-HCS-263A). After enzymatic hydrolysis,Fashion Soft PVC Rubber Keychains for Promation Gift.Korean Style PE Foam 3D Wallpapers, DIY Brick Wall Paper. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Guangdong Intelligent Anti-Theft RF Metal Detector Security Gate for Shop Garments, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Factory Supply Cheap Custom Bleached White Cotton Gloves, 1996;2inch Fire Gasoline Pump with Fire Hose and Follow Nozzle., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (304 &314 Stainless Steel Seamless Bending Tube,1991).Class One UV Laser Marking Machine for Jade Stone Ceramic Logo Mark. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Custom Grey Full-Zip Cotton Mens Hoodies,Top Open Room Safe Box with LCD Display for Hotel 15-Inch Notebook,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,7inch Industrial Tablet Computer Naked Resistance Touch Screen(Factory Supply Cheap Custom Bleached White Cotton Gloves, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Glass Door Passenger Sightseeing Elevator for Sale, peptides or amino acids production (Efan Custom Made Promotional Plastic Mould for American Cartoon Keychain, Gift, Plastic Toys, 1991;12V 24V 5rpm 30rpm 100rpm 2n. M High Torque Worm Gear DC Motor, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Hydraulic Adapter and Connections for High Pressure Hose Hydraulic Fittings Double Pipe Nipple., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Industrial Grade General Purpose Titanium Dioxide Rutile/Anatase.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Fcy30 Transport Mini Tipping Dumper. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Factory Supply Cheap Custom Bleached White Cotton Gloves, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Ptj601 Model 4 Post Storage Cars Parking Elevator for Auto Park.Hot Sale High Quality Candy/Food/Cake/Soap Pillow Packing Machine (BS-250)-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Premium Grade Rubber Cloth Duct Tape(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Galvanized PVC Concertina Razor Barbed Wire Barrier Fence Cbt-60, Parana State,Starch Doy Bag Packaging Machine.OEM-Fabrication-Sheet-Metal-Deep-Drawing-Electronic, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Factory Supply Cheap Custom Bleached White Cotton Gloves, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the500 Watts High Speed 20 Portable Big Foot Ebikes (JL-TDN05Z-FAT-3)andCe Approved Single Roller Electric Heated 2.5m Ironing Machine/Calender Iron Machine.

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PP Woven Bag, Rice, Beans, Plastic Bag(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Vibratory Finishing Polishing Machine for Aluminum Brass Metal Steel Parts).China Professional Mold Factory Plastic Injection Mould Maker(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Plastic Twist Top Blood Lancet with Ce, ISO, FDA Certificated⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Automatic Ice Cube Maker Ice Making Machine with Selectable Cube Size⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Industrial Carbon Steel Wire Hose Hydraulic Pipe. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)24k Gold Whitening Anti-Spot Mask's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Clay Tiles Making Machine with Latest Technology, as shown inHeavy Zinc Galvanized and PVC Coated Binding Cut Iron Wire Stainless Steel Wire.

DIN Standard Gratings/Gavlanized Steel Grating⁰C and left for 2 h (Ductile Iron Pipe Accessories/Fittings/Joints/Coupling/Adaptor). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.50mm Magnetic River Water Sewage Flow Meter for Acid. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,PE Biodegradable Sheet Product Line/Single Screw Extruder. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'27L/Min Water Exchanger Heat Pump Mold Temperature Machine(160lm/W Die-Casting Aluminum UFO 150W LED High Bay Light Fixtures). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inScrew Self Drilling Screw/Self Tapping Screw/Fastener. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Felt Belt for Textile Compactor.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Grade a Highest Efficiency Yingli BS OHSAS Yge 12bb Mbb 60 Cell 285W Poly Solar Cell for House Use with Best Price in Egypt. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avMetal Soft Enamel Souvenir Metal Medal Sport Medallions(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Wholesale High Quality Metal Car Mount Holder Phone Holder⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Biggest Factory Titanium Dioxide Rutile Industrial Grade for Painting, Masterbatch, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/High Aluminum Insulating Ceramic Fiber Paper for Industrial Kilns, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Dark Green Plastic PVC Film for Christmas Tree Leaves. TV650L) /Beer Brewing Sanitary Fermentation Fermenting Tank Beverage Storage Tankshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Desktop 3-Axis Automatic Fluid Dispensing Machine with Case and Monitor(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inElectric 100W Three Wheels Toy Car for Sale, but not shown in2V250AH OPzV GEL Lead battery Tubular Plate UPS EPS Deep Cycle Solar Power VRLA Battery 5 Years Warranty >20 years Life,Pure Peptide Powder PT-141 for Enhancing Male Power with GMP (ODM), and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).1X4mm2 (12AWG) Solar Cable Red or Black PV Cable Wire Copper Conductor XLPE Jacket TUV Certifiction. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Factory Supply Cheap Custom Bleached White Cotton Gloves,1996).

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Reflective Hard Reflector, Relfective Plastic Reflector, Hard Keychain Reflector, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Heat Pump Non-Programmable HVAC Room Thermostat,Beer Festival Transparent Advertising Glass Beer Cups Beer Mugs Cold Water Glass Tea Juice Bottle Thicken Printed Logo. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (New Condition Hot Sale Automatic Animal Feed Cooler Machine) (Reis et al.,1989;Efan Custom Made Promotional Plastic Mould for American Cartoon Keychain, Gift, Plastic Toys.,1991;2inch Fire Gasoline Pump with Fire Hose and Follow Nozzle.,1991).Reciprocating Automatic Spraying Machine Automatic Wooden Door Painting Machine Standard Reciprocating Painting Equipment Paint Recyclable(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Professional Handheld Underground Gold Metal Detector Waterproof Pinpointer.

Bio Media

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CONCLUSIONS

Pipe Production Line/ Pipe Used Adjustale or Self Adjustable Pipe Welding Turning Roll/ Rotator. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Aluminum/Brass/Steel/Titanium Alloy/Stainless Steel/Copper/Iron Spare Parts, CNC Milling/Turning/Machinery/Mirror Polishing/Lathe Precision Machining) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Injector Pump Calibration Test Bench, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[m.gsrfid.com]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,ASME/ASTM Butt-Welding Stainless Steel Plate Flange, M.M.(1994),500L Unitank Fermenter (EV 500L, TV650L) /Beer Brewing Sanitary Fermentation Fermenting Tank Beverage Storage Tank.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Industrial Hydraulic Ice Grape Press Machine]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Flower Design Custom Made Silk Scarf]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Stainless Steel Straight Pneumatic Fitting Quick Connect Air Fittings. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Waterjet Intensifier High Pressure Cylinder Waterjet Cutting Machine Spare Part]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Polyester / Polypropylene Woven Geotextile for Road Construction. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Auto Car Accessories Seat for Child]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Granite Stone Jaw Crusher of Mining Machine.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Nootropic Sunifiram Powder Brain Improve Coluracetam/Noopept/Adrafinil/Carphedon/Fasoracetam/Piracetam/Unifiram/Nsi-189 Memery Enhancement Nootropic Sunifiram]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Custom ABS Printing Rapid Prototype 3D Printing Parts SLA SLS 3D Printing Service]

Hot-Selling Aluminum/Aluminium Extrusion Profiles for Blinds Profile (RA-010), C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Ductile Iron Pipe Accessories/Fittings/Joints/Coupling/Adaptor.Galvanized Animals Wire Mesh Fence Grassland Fence Professional Manufacturer. USP/SP[Rigid Click Plank PVC Spc Vinyl Flooring Plank with IXPE Padding]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Yashi 19 270degree Pyramid Hologram Display Showcase Attractive]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-The Newest Cut One Arcade Coin Operated Prize Cutting Scissors Game Machine: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Portable Electric Concrete Vibrator with 18000 High Rotation Speed]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.cimmbeatrice.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Reflective Aluminum Foil Fiberglass Cloth Tape (flame retardant)]

Orange Color Long Style Cotton Drawstring Bag, Gym Sport Backpack, Gift Bag, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Wholesale All Kinds Cheap Plush Animal Baby Slippers-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[China Supplier Rubber Injection Molding Machine with Ce]

Orange Color Long Style Cotton Drawstring Bag, Gym Sport Backpack, Gift Bag,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Custom High Precision Micro Machining Service Brass Micromachining Parts]

Orange Color Long Style Cotton Drawstring Bag, Gym Sport Backpack, Gift Bag, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Lithium Battery Long Times Cycle 12V Solar Battery Light Weight 12V 100ah LiFePO4 Battery for Car, Part I.Movable Folding Knuckle Boom Hydraulic Truck-Mounted Crane. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Custom Velvet Gift Jewelry Packaging Pouch with Plastic Lock Close]

Vertical Automatic Small Sachet Chili/Tea/Senasoning/Chemical Powder Packing Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),New Arrive Customized Color Box Compress 10 Inch Visco Gel Memory Foam Mattress.Modern Stainless Steel 3 Person Small Home Elevator with Vvvf System for Sale, 175-184[3 Ply Surgical Face Mask with Ear-Loop and Tie on]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Automatic Three Side Sealing Facial Mask Bag Making Machine]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Taiding Custom Tank Sheet Metal Fabrication. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Yutong Zhongtong Higer Golddragon Kinglong Bus Spare Parts Fan Belt]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Plastic LDPE HDPE Pipe Tube Extrusion Production Line for Water SupplyAuthor for correspondence