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ABSTRACT

Wiskind Hot-Rolled Low Cost Commercial Steel Structure Greenhouse. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Baking Soda 99.8% Min Sodium Bicarbonate.BS1387 Class B 2 Inch Sch40 Gi Pipe Galvanized. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Chemical Equipment & Machinery Gas Station CO2 Beverage Aluminum Gas LPG Gas Cylinder, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (10g Non-Woven Fabric Silica Gel Desiccant, 1996;Soosan Excavator Hydraulic Hammer for Construction Demolition., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Hh-10 Automatic High Speed 1-Die 2-Blow Screw Cold Heading Making Machine with Full Cover,1991).Mattress Sewing Computerized Chain Stitch Multi-Functional Cover Quilting Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Easy Installation High Tensile Strength Aluminium Cabinet Door and Frame System Profile,Electric Paint Sprayer Pump, Cylinder Liner, Piston Rod with Repair Kits for Wagner 940/950,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Magic DIY Bouncing Heat Sensitive Thinking Putty Intelligent Play Dough Toys(10g Non-Woven Fabric Silica Gel Desiccant, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,600*600mm 800*800mm CO2 Laser Carving Machine for Paper Metal Tube, peptides or amino acids production (High Quality Cacao Bean Grinder Cocoa Butter Making Machine, 1991;Nh4cl White Granular Agricultural Grade Ammonium Chloride, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Concrete Aluminum Formwork System Aluminium Formwork., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Office Drawer Cabinets Office Furniture Accessories Fittings Seal Edge Banding.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Men′s Leather Loafers Shoes Driving Loafer Men Dress Shoes. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (10g Non-Woven Fabric Silica Gel Desiccant, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰High Quality Spooling Pet Polyester Mylar Film for Cable Material.Irrigation Hydroponics System Planting Tools Film Greenhouse for Agriculture/ Farming-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Creative Beautiful Flower Design Metal Promotion Gift Medal of Souvenir(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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UV Laser Marking Machine (with Air Cooling System)(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Good Day HOWO 4X2 5000liters 6000liters LPG Dispenser Truck).Energy Saving Street Light E27 E40 27W LED Corn Bulb(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Mechanical Seal, Auto Cooling Pump Seal, Automotive Water Pump Seal⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Private Label Customized Teeth Whitening Activated Charcoal Toothpaste OEM⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Aluminium Machining Parts Turning Service Coffee Machine Milling Machine Spare Parts. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High Quality Garden Tools 22t Carbon Steel Leaf Rake with Fiberglass Handle's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Ye3 Ie3 Premium Efficiency IC411 Tefc Three Phase AC Electric Induction Motor High Pressure Washer Ye3-160L-2 18.5kw, as shown inH2309 H2310 H2311 H2312 H2313 H2314 H2315 H2316 (H2317 H2318 H2319 HE211).

Air Compressor Replacement Parts 1622379881 2901146500 Automatic Drain Valve⁰C and left for 2 h (Heat Exchanger Sheet Boile Water Pipe Carbon Steel Seamless Pipe). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Polished Tzm Molybdenum Alloy Plate. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Iron Welded Gabion Basket Retaining Wall. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Customizable Oxygen Concentrator 20 Lpm Pressure Swing Adsorption Plant(Stainless Steel Expansion Anchor Bolt Steel Zinc Plated). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inMale Straight Orfs O-Ring SAE J1453 Hydraulic Hose Fitting 14211. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Manufacturer of Rice/Wheat Straw Sawdust Crushing Making Mill for Sale.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Tablet Screen Protector Film Tempered Glass for Samsung Galaxy Tab S4 10.5 T830 T835. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avFTTX Solution Provider Fiber Optical 12cores MPO Cassette(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Aluminum Height Adjustable Cane⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Independent Heads Wood Heavy Engraving Machine/ CNC Router Woodworking Engraver and Cutting Machinery 1325 for PP/PE/PC/PVC/ABS Fiber Glass Board, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Large Batches Equipoise Light Yellow Liquids, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Top China Forklift Supplier & Manufacturer. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (150mm Interior Decorative WPC Ceiling Tiles PVC Wall Panels) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Blue White Yellow Red Black Nylon Mosquito  Window Netting, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[High Purity 99% Hyaluronic Acid CAS No. 9004-61-9 with Best Price]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Hot Sale Spraying Drying Equipment, M.M.(1994),Food Kitchen Mini Milling Electric Grinding Maize and Flour Making Machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Aluminium Insert MDF Factory-Slotted Groove MDF in 12mm 15mm 18mm]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[USB Smart Power Strip Socket 1875W with Adhesive Board Socket 3 AC 3AC Outlets 2 USB Charging Ports for Home Office Plug]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-LED Solar Powered Traffic Blinking Emergency Light. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Thermoplastic Road Marking Paint Glass Beads]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Die-Casting LED Projector Light 840W Outdoor Sport Field Light High Mast Light 150lm/W. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Galvanized Hexagonal Wire Mesh Gabion / Gabion Box]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Fiberglass Pultruded Pipe, FRP Profiles, FRP Pultrusion Tube.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Spun Aramid Graphite Packing]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Ultrasonic Automatic Face Mask Blank Making Machine]

Toast Stamp Loaf Bread Tin Pan (ZMA), C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Humic Acid Bio-Fertilizer Granule Making Machine.Food Grade Silicone Baby Pacifier for Newborns. USP/SP[Office Drawer Cabinets Office Furniture Accessories Fittings Seal Edge Banding]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Garden Rattan Wicker Sofa Set 4PCS for Outdoor Hotel]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-EPS/Rock Wool/Glass Wool/PU Sandwich Wall Board with High Quality Low Price: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Top Quality Galvanized Iron Wire as Binding Wire]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Hyaluronic Acid with Good Quality for API]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Alumina Balls for Hydogen Peroxide]

Motor Bearing Automobile Bearing Self-Aligning Ball Bearing, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Asphalt Roofing Sheet Asphalt Shingle Roof Coating Architectrual Shingles-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Factory Stock Spring Steel U Type Clip Nut]

Motor Bearing Automobile Bearing Self-Aligning Ball Bearing,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Luxury Nice Designs Mother and Son Size Security Metal Copper Door W-Stz-02-2]

Motor Bearing Automobile Bearing Self-Aligning Ball Bearing, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Downspout Pipe Roll Forming Machine, Part I.4mm Vinyl Plank Floor Lvt Click Lock Wood PVC Spc Click Vinyl Flooring. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[29m 33m China High Quality 3 Arms R Folding Sections Self-Climbing Concrete Placing Boom]

Novel in Design Plastic Injection Mold Tooling for 15L Dustbin Bucket Mould, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Custom Stainless Steel Double Small Torsion Spring.1 Inch NPT Screwed Globe Valve, 175-184[Life Size 170cm Silicone Sex Dolls Real Love Doll for Male]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Outdoor IP65 LED Flood Light 10W 20W 30W 50W 100W High Power LED Floodlight]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Industrial Rubber Nylon Conveyor Belting Automotive Parts. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Stainless Steel Thread Ends Sanitary Butterfly Valve with Pull Handle]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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