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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Swbf-17b6s 6 Die 6 Blow Bolt Former Machine, Bolt Machine, Screw Machine, Heading Machine, Multi-Station Cold Heading Machine, Automatic Bolt. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Von Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable.Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Rigid PVC Foam Board for FRP Marine;Health Care Showcase Cabinet for Drugstore, Retail Shop Glass Display; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.41 Solid Spruce Top Acoustic Guitar with Fishman Pickups (J45), about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine, 1996;Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Municipal and Industry Sewage/Waste Water/Effluent/Water Treatment., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Steel Pipe Rust Removal Shot Blasting Cleaning Machine,1991).Hydraulic Press Corrugated Cold Roll Automatically Forming Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,2020 Summer Kid/Baby/Girl Dress Cute Cotton Pink Dress with Lace,Automatic Bread Crumb Processing Line and Making Extruder Machine,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Plastic Water Gas Supply Cable Protect PE LDPE HDPE Pipe Extrusion Machine Line Single Screw Extruder(Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,China Manufacturer Cheap Custom High Precision Spiral Compression Phone Clock Stationery Small Torsion Mechanical Metal Micro Pressure Spring, peptides or amino acids production (300ml Clear Hot Water Packing Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap and Silicon Sleeve, 1991;Plastic Injection Molding Companies China for Tablet PC Case, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;27PCS Oscillating Multi Tool Blades Set for Multi-Purpose Tools., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.High Quality Solid Tungsten Carbide Rods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Galvanized Steel Overhead Highway Signage Platforms Grating Trench Cover. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Sintered NdFeB Ring Magnets for Various Loudspeakers with RoHS Approved.High Tensisle Strength Tissue Paper-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Tractor Mounted Beach Cleaning Equipment Large Size(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
100gr Perfume Quality Underwear Laundry Soap/ Anti-Bacterial SoapAlcalase2.5 L DX,Jaw Plate and Toggle Plate for Jaw Crusher Wearing Parts Spare Parts, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-PP Coated Pipe Machine Extruder Machine); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)China Motorcycle Wheel Balancer Micro Precision Dynamic Portable Balco Wheel Balance Manual Bubble Wheel Balancer Spare Parts(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Super Sintered NdFeB Strong Permanent Magnetic Bar Magnet for Appliances, Parana State,HD Night Vision IR Laser Camera with PTZ for 1200m Surveillance.Mining Machinery Parts Diamond Saw Blade Segments for Marble, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theLiFePO4 Prismatic Pouch Cell 3.2V 10/20/30/40/50/100ah Flat LiFePO Lithium Battery for Electric CarandMobile Hydraulic Concrete Placing Boom.
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Metal Sheet Fabrication Hexagon Hole Punching with Galvanized Surface(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (New Arrival Amazon Hot Style Printed Slip Dress for Women Summer).Multi Column Load Cell 100kg, 20t(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%LCD Screen Hanging Truss/Stage Light Stand/Truss Lift Tower System0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Marine Equipment Ship Ventilation Mushroom Ventilator Used in Ship Deck0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Foldable PP Plastic Storage Logistics Turnover Box. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)China Deep Drawing Aluminum/Aluminium Disc/Circle Cookware/Utensile/Lighting Usage with Good Flatness 1050/1060/1070/1100/3003/3005's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Buddhist Mood Picture Wallpaper Murals, as shown inNew H Type Battery Cage System for Layer Chicken Farm.
High Quality Flange Dismantling Joint0C and left for 2 h (Fast Delivery Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Duplex Stainless Steel Floating Ball Valve. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,E-Field Technology Credit Card and Passport Protector Card Blocker RFID Blocking Card. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Beauty Salon Equipment Anti Wrinkle Removal CO2 Laser Machine(Australia Standard Structural Steel of Steel Structure Hangar As4100 Airport Building). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inWholesale Magic Barber Personal Use Cordless Rechargeable LCD Hair Clipper. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Fast Delivery Malleable Iron Pipe Fitting Hexagon Nipple.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Gaogong Group Permanent Suspended Overband Magnetic Separator for Conveyor Belt. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavCNC Machine Aluminum Telescopic Covers Flat Bellows Cover(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Wholesale Price Decorative Wrought Iron Stairs Aluminium Metal Garden Fence0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Kubota Combine Harvester Spare Parts 5h484-2392 Nut, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Nellcor SpO2 Extension Sensor Cable 5 Core SpO2 Adapter Cable, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Latest New Hho Engine Oil Carbon RemoverandHVAC Contactor /Air Conditioner Contactor /Definite Purpose Contactor. Enzymatic (Steel Floor Deck Post Cutting Cold Roll Forming Machine)Similar Kavo8000b Fiber Optic Turbine with Water Volume Adjustable Coupling (KV180)(sulfuric acid)Fluorous Rubber Coated Fiberglass Cloth(Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Sinotruk Spare Parts Differential Planetary Gear with Part No. Az9231320152, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Sinotruk Spare Parts Differential Planetary Gear with Part No. Az9231320152, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
280-350-500-550ml Glass Water Bottle with Sleeve (Customized Design Pattern).Full Hard S550gd Cold Rolled Galvanzied Steel Sheet in Coilshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.PS Foam Disposable Fast Food Box Making Machine(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inTefude Feeding and Packaging Line for Food with Tray, but not shown in24K Gold EGF Serum Capsule Anti-Wrinkle Repairing Anti Aging Serum,K Helical Bevel Gearboxes Reducer Motor, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Indoor Customized Electronic Lighted LED Neon Open Sign. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine,1996).
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2019 Hot Sales Beauty Products Brush Egg Facial Blush Brush Makeup BrushandGood Quality Hot Tube8 Japanese Stainless Steel Tube 666show the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Ecofriendly &Economic Jar Manufacture Cute Glass Handle Candy Jar.Fashion Buttons Clothing Accessories Eco-Friendly Nickel-Free Metal Blue Button, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inMultifunctional Two Cryopencils RF 40K Cavitation Vacuum Body Slimming Machine, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Custom Free Logo Design Cheap Hand Flag (NF01F02021)(Condell et al.,1993) .
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CONCLUSIONS
Cold Rolled Coated Aluminum Coils 3003 H24 /1060/3004/5052. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (PP Coated Pipe Machine Extruder Machine) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
High Quality Disposable Blood Transfusion Set with Filter, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Professional Sound System Vt215 Line Array Speaker]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,DIN1478 Closed Body Jaw Jaw Wire Rope Turnbuckle, M.M.(1994),Automatic Airtight Sliding Door Radiation X-ray Protection Lead Door Supplier (HF-J194).The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[LED Rectangular Recessed Linear Lamps for Bank and Car Sale]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Eco Friendly Heat Sealing Small Capacity Garbage HDPE LDPE Trash Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Machine]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-High Quality Brushless DC Electric Motor for Industrial Deduster. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Outdoor New Design Monitor Cabinet Taxi Advertising LED Signs]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),China Factory Light Soda Ash /Sodium Carbonate. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[27PCS Oscillating Multi Tool Blades Set for Multi-Purpose Tools]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Regular Size Cigarette Rolling Papers.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Electrosparking DC53 Steel Advance Custom Mold Manufacturing Mold Making]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Steel Floor Deck Post Cutting Cold Roll Forming Machine]
12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam Mattress, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),304L Stainless Steel U Channel Good Performance.Solar Photovoltaic Connector Mc4 Connector for Solar System (PV-MC4). USP/SP[Traction Teaching Programming/Benchtop 4-Axis Screwdriver Robot]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[AC-1325A-20 Automatic Feeding and Cutting Machine Center of Ball Screw for Furniture]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Junior Backyard Training Practise Soccer Goal Net: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[EAS Hard Tag EAS Tag Security Tag MIDI Dome (T012)]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Stainless Steel Filter Round Disc]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Stainless Steel Water Cream Bulk Storage Tank]
350mm Diamond Blade for Granite, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Custom Welding Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Welding Parts-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Turnkey Colour Cladding Commercial Use Prefabricated Steel Structure Building]
350mm Diamond Blade for Granite,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Mexico Single Expansion Anchor with YZP]
350mm Diamond Blade for Granite, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Unbreakable 60W 140lm/W 2*1500mm LED Waterproof IP65 Linear Light Lamp, Part I.Laser ID Card Rigid PET Printing Sheet. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[N52 Strong Disc Neodymium Rare Earth Permanent Industrial Cylinder Magnet]
New Arrival Plush Animal Ride for Kids for Shopping Center, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Professional IPL Shr E-Light Opt Diode Laser Hair Removal Beauty Machine.(JC-3080) High Quality Clothing Wash Care Ultrasonic Label Cutting Machine, 175-184[Non-Spill 5 Gallon Water Bottle Caps]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Welded Stud Anchor Chain for Ship]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Ss316 Stainless Steel Heavy Duty Straps. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Stone Carving Flower Pot for Garden Decoration]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Animal Carcass Incinerator Hospital Garbage IncineratorAuthor for correspondence