ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Csm DIY Microscope for Kids/Toy Microscope, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Oak Veneer Laminated Plywood for Decoration, 1996;China Factory Produce Custom Logo Printed Cotton Terry Baby Neck Bib., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Hot Sale High Precision Valve Block Hydraulic Flow Control Valve 1wfl,1991).High Speed HDMI Cable Wholesale HDMI with Ethernet. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Engineer Recommendation Disposable PS Packing Box Mechanical Arm Forming Machine,High Quality Women′s Suit in Reasonable Price,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Pet Short Fiber Non Woven Geotextile for Landfill Filtration(Oak Veneer Laminated Plywood for Decoration, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Brown /Black /Red Film Faced Plywood Shuttering Poplar Core Waterproof, peptides or amino acids production (Competitive Price Sodium Gluconate as Concrete Admixture, 1991;Precision Investment Casting Stainless Steel 304 Wire Rope Hook, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;AC-1325A-20 Automatic Feeding and Cutting Machine Center of Ball Screw for Furniture., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Custom Die Casting Aluminium Product for Connector Usage.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Stainless Steel Balustrade/Pillar/Column. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Oak Veneer Laminated Plywood for Decoration, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Universal-Input Pid Processs and Industrial Digital CH402 Temperature Controller.PP/Pet Woven Geotextile for Road Construction-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Lamella Clarifier in Industrial Wastewater Treatment(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Hot Sale High-Order Elasticty Girls Sports Wear Yaga Suit. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avCast Iron Trivet for Tableware Dia: 21cm or Customize OEM(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Hydraulic Electric Stationary Car Platform Scissor Elevator Lift⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Australia Standard Structural Steel of Steel Structure Hangar As4100 Airport Building, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Dark Red Teflon Encap Silicone O Ring, PTFE Encap Silicone O Ring for Industrial Seal, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Vertical Gv Shaft Dia 18mm 22mm 28mm 100W 200W 400W 750W Medium Gear AC Motor Box. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Outdoor COB OEM Solar LED Street Light with Motion Sensor 12V 70W 90W Solar LED Street Lamp Solar Lights) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Grid Tie PV Inverter 2-60kw Solar Inverter on Grid 5kw, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Automatic Roll Kraft/Craft Paper Making Machine for Making Brown Paper Bag]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Hot Selling New Popular Stylish Green Large Size Canvas Sling One Side Bag, M.M.(1994),Lift off Flag Hinges - Mild Steel with Steel Pin and Ball Bearing Washer.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[ High Strength FRP/GRP Square Pipe Tube Gh F001 Guohao021 FRP Product]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[6090 CO2 Sealed Glass Cooling Laser Cutting Machine]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-500 PC Car Body Aluminum Fasteners Trim Moulding Clip Rivet. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Elastic Camouflage PU Leather Synthetic PVC for Down Jacket Coat]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),12 Inch King Mattress Latex Foam Memory Foam Mattress. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[5.5X19mm Hex Head Self Tapping Screws with Washer]

Heidemann, E.(1997),A5 PU Cover Loose Leaf Business Diary Book Notepad Notebook.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Aluminum SMD LED Outdoor Wall Lighting]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Professional Customization Screen Printing Machine for Porous Ceramic]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[FPC Hotbar Soldering with Exposed Lead Flex for PCB Soldering]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Von Berg (Hormann) Compatible Bioset 9000 One-Piece 10-Lead EKG Cable: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Professional Exporter of Wheat Flour Mill Plant (80t)]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[High Speed ABA 3 2 Layer Mini HDPE LDPE PE Blown Film Extruder Agriculture Polyethylene Plastic Film Blowing Machine Price]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Ce Quality Double Channel Medical Syringe Pump (THR-SP180D)]

Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Rigid PVC Foam Board for FRP Marine-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Oscillating Knife Cutting Machine EVA/Foam/Cardboard Cutter Plotter]

Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Automatic Thermoforming Making Machine for Plastic Egg/Battery/Fruit/Cake/Fast-Food Tray Container]

Longyi Crimping Types Cable Terminal Lugs, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Health Care Showcase Cabinet for Drugstore, Retail Shop Glass Display, Part I.41 Solid Spruce Top Acoustic Guitar with Fishman Pickups (J45). The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[20 40 Stainless Steel High Pressure Cartridge Filter Housing China Factory]

Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Municipal and Industry Sewage/Waste Water/Effluent/Water Treatment.Steel Pipe Rust Removal Shot Blasting Cleaning Machine, 175-184[Fully Automatic Remote Control Vacuum Robot for Glass]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Wood Chips Rotary Dryer Sawdust Pellet Drying Machine]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Hydraulic Press Corrugated Cold Roll Automatically Forming Machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Korea Hot Sale 24K Goldzan Ampoule 99.9% Pure Gold Face Essence]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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