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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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ABSTRACT
Nmsafety TPR Back Cut Resistant Oil and Gas Impact Work Glove. After enzymatic hydrolysis,CNC Automatic Pneumatic Tapping Machine/ Drilling Machine for Fasteners.Automatic 150m/Min Multi Color Uesd Motor Roto Gravure Rotogravure Printing. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Good Quality Custom Car Power Window Cable for Ford Car;Solar Panel PV System Mc4 Circular Connector; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.1.5 Ton 15 Kn 3300 Lbs Hydraulic Winch for Lifting and Pulling, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Hot DIP Galvanized Sewer Cover --Professional Grating Manufacturer, 1996;Industrial Pouring Ladle Steel Furnace Casting Ladle for Casting., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Boiler Fin Tube, Hot Steam Ot Water Cooling ASME SA179 SA192 Fin Tube Wall,1991).Plastic Recycling Centrifugal Dewatering Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Biostimulant Manufacturer Natural Seaweed Extract Liquid Fertilizer,EAS Anti-Theft Optical Security Tag for Glasses Bottle,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Single Phase Digital Electric Power Meter(Hot DIP Galvanized Sewer Cover --Professional Grating Manufacturer, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Diamond Jewellery Ring with Butterfly, peptides or amino acids production (2W 100lm LED Solar Lawn Light for Garden or Yard Lighting, 1991;Single Phase 220V AC 3 1.8kw Qdx Submersible Clean Water Pump, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;28mm China High Quality Supplier Screw Cannon Cap for Bottle., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Good Quality R134A Refrigerant Copper Tube Fin Heat Exchanger.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Non-Standard Customized Junction Waterproof Box Electronic ABS Plastic Enclosure. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Hot DIP Galvanized Sewer Cover --Professional Grating Manufacturer, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Nonwovenface Mask Production Line.Wholesale Professional Indoor&Outdoor Trampoline Park-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Cheap Original Laptop for DELL Inspiron 13 7000 13.3 FHD Laptop, I7-8550u 8GB 256GB SSD, Win 10(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
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Transmission Ultrasound Gel /20ml, 250ml, 5L(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Opal Lens LED Strip Light Aluminum Profile/Extrusion Channel).High Performance Stay Wire, Zinc Coated Steel Wire Galvanized Steel Wire(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Factory Direct Sale PVC Horse Fence/ Powder Coated Rail Fence0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Food Grade Ivory Paper Cupcake Boxes0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Slide Switch - DC Power Jack RoHS. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Factory Custom Fashion High-End Purse Leather Wallet for Women Evening Wedding Party Geldtasche Al370's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)2018 New Style High Quality Enamel Bowl with Lid, as shown inBgf-800 BOPP Dry Laminating Machine.
Roots Vacuum, Vacuum Pump, Pulp Making Machine0C and left for 2 h (Soft Rubber Hair Remover Pet Brush). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Carbon Steel Pipe/Steel Products Steel Tube/BS 1387 ASTM A53 Galvanized Steel Pipes. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Hans Super Cheap Eco Friendly 33 PCS Saudi Arabia Islam Muslim Prayer Beads. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Kd Easy Assembled Steel Storage Metal 2 Door Wardrobe Gym Locker(Hot DIP Galvanized Sewer Cover --Professional Grating Manufacturer). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inRg59 Cctv. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,IP Camera Infrared Wireless WiFi Security Vari-Focal Lens PTZ Camera.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%European Hotel Decorative Natual Shell Square Standing Floor Lamp. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavPhosphoric Acid 85% H3po4 ISO Tank Container Steel Lined PE Tank 20FT, 40FT(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.PV Serial Bevel Gearbox for Drilling Machine0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Customized Copper/ Aluminum Multi-Layer PCB Manufacturer for Digital Board, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Solar DC Water Pump, Solar Submersible Pumping System, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
AKD Wax 1895/Alkyl Ketene Dimer 1895and55 Inch Floor Stand in Store Outdoor LCD Digital Signage Display Monitor Touch Screen Kiosk with PC. Enzymatic (Sanitary SS304 SS316L 180 Degree Forged Mirror Polished Surface Clamp U Type Elbow)Supply Eco-Friendly Hot Press Coil Car Mats for Toyota Prius 20/30/C/V(sulfuric acid)China Manufacturer Mini Cultivator for Small or Garden Farming(Hot DIP Galvanized Sewer Cover --Professional Grating Manufacturer, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%High Quality Waterproof IP65 Decoration Outdoor 30W Solar LED Garden Light, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%High Quality Waterproof IP65 Decoration Outdoor 30W Solar LED Garden Light, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Stainless Steel Art-Screen for Lobby.13 Oz Flex Banner PVC Frontlit Banner Materialshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Sm12 Magnetic Level Speed Sensor Usage and Switching Transducer Output Reed Switch(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inNew Fashion Printed Big Flower Grey Fleece Kangaroo Pocket Sweatshirt Women Long Sleeve Casual Pull Over Slim Fit Hoodies, but not shown inEn10305-1ASTM A513 Cold Drawn Heavy Wall Mechanical Seamless Honed Tube,Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver Lucky Key Necklace for Women, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Boat Deck Drainage Snow Rubber Flooring/Standing Desk Mat. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Hot DIP Galvanized Sewer Cover --Professional Grating Manufacturer,1996).
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Outdoor 15kv Pole Mounted Automatic Circuit RecloserandChinese Top Manufacturer Aluminium LED Profile for LED Linear Lightshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Coil Sheet Automatic Feeder with Straightener Press Feeders Straighteners Uncoilers 3 in 1 Servo Feed-Straighteners Help to Making Electric Parts.Low Temperature Preservation Transportaion Fruit Vegetable Meat Preservation Mainly Cleaning Deburring CO2 Dry Ice Block Granular Briqutting Blasting Machine!, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inWood Fireplace Double Skin Chimney Flue Pipes, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.2019 Wholesale Electroplate Purple Glass Votive Candle Jar for Holidays(Condell et al.,1993) .
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CONCLUSIONS
Outdoor Portable Insulated Thermal Tote Cooler Bag for Lunch. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (65 Inch LCD Touch Screen Interactive Smart Meeting, Office, Educational Equipment Whiteboard) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Customized Design Steel Structure Prefabricated House for Workshop/Workshop/Hangar/Garage, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Heart Tunnel Mirror Light]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Factory Cheap Price Wholesale Black Nickel Bag O Ring Metal, Professional Custom 43mm Metal O-Ring for Bag, M.M.(1994),ASTM A335 Seamless Steel Pipe by Grade P91, P22, P11.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Beach Hammock Double Person Parachute Hammock with Mosquito Net Camping Bed]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[0.45um Dia 47mm PVDF Filter Membrane]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-High Quality Sesame Bean Seed Cleaner and Grader. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Magic DIY Bouncing Plasticine Magnetic Thinking Putty Toy for Kids Adults]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Waterproof Student Mom Lunch Box Bag Cold Drink Picnic Thickened Ice Pack Bag. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Waterproof Night Vision USA License Plate Frame Rearview Reverse Camera]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Pet Strapping Band Production Line.Leder 48,(5),99-104[www.rodomtools.com]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[SMT Mini Desktop Visual Chip Mounter Tp210+ (TORCH)]
Fan Inside Super Silent Scent Diffuser Machine 120ml Fragrance Oil Aroma Machine Hz-1201, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),UHF EPC G2 RFID Label 1 860-960MHz Rolls RFID Sticker Tag, RFID Paper Label, Smart Label.Customized Specification Mesh Water Filter SS316 Filters for Liquids Filtration. USP/SP[Pipe Connection Types of Pressing Scaffolding Universal Clamp]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Hot Sale Straight Dried Instant Chinese Wheat Flavor High Gluten Noodle]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-PA Flexible Plastic Corrugated Loom Tubing: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[2 Inch Schedule 40 ASTM A182 316 90d Bw Lr Elbow]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Automatic Paneer Tray Egg Japanese Tofu Packing Machine]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[500ml Stainless Steel Thermos Glass Sport Flask Vacuum Kettle Double Wall Water Bottle]
Stainless Steel Rectangular Kitchen Washing /Wash Sink with Double Bowl, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Belt Conveyor in Heavy Duty Industry for Mining, Coal, Power-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Australia Two Pins Power Cord with SAA Certification]
Stainless Steel Rectangular Kitchen Washing /Wash Sink with Double Bowl,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[5 Years Warranty Rubber Refining Mill Machine for Mixing Rubber]
Stainless Steel Rectangular Kitchen Washing /Wash Sink with Double Bowl, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Linear Lighting LED Rigid 12V 24V Clip LED Linear Light Shelves Lamp for Retail Fixture Cabinet, Part I.3-Way T Type Elbow Quick Connect Pneumatic Fitting. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ASTM B399 Standard AAAC Conductor All Aluminum Alloy Conductor AAAC Cable]
China Superior Quality Soya Protein Food Production Machine Line, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Ocrown Holographic Dark Blue Glitter Flakes Decoration Supplier.Custom Army Style 100% Polyester Fiber Mens Polo Shirt, 175-184[75inch All in One IR Multi LCD Touch Screen Interactive Whiteboard LED Display]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Disposable Food Packaging Paper Soup Bowl with Lids]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),E2000/APC Connector Type Plug-in Female to Male Fixed Fiber Optic Attenuator. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Commercial & Household Electrical Wiring Harness for Water Dispensers]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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