ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Home and Office PVC Vinyl Flooring Conductive Plank Flooring. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Precision Engineering Parts Bearing Support Unit for Ball Screw.LED Table Lamp LED Desk Lamps LED Table Light 5W DC5V 1200mAh Modern Fashion LED Baby Study Light Lighting Eye Protection. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Plastic Pipe Clamp for Refrigeration Pipe System Pipe Fitting, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (10g Food/Pharmaceutical Desiccant Silica Gel for Moisture Absorbing, 1996;Cross Stripe Sleeveless Yoga Wear., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Construction & Decoration ERW Square Steel Tube Manufacturer,1991).DVD Audio RCA Wiring Harness Cable for DVD Pioneer Avh. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Black Steel ASTM A192 Seamless Pipe Sch120,China Excavator Radiator /Oil Radiator /Water Radiator Manufacture,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Canton Fair Galvanized Steel Aluminium Ibr Roof Sheet Roll Forming Making Machine(10g Food/Pharmaceutical Desiccant Silica Gel for Moisture Absorbing, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,BOPP CPP Laminate Food Packaging Metalized Pet Cup Sealing Film, peptides or amino acids production (Metal Trapezoidal Roof Sheet Roll Forming Machine for Roof Panel, 1991;CNC Machining Checking Auto Car Checking Fixture, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Stainless Steel Thread Ends Sanitary Butterfly Valve with Pull Handle., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.T Series Bevel Helical Gearboxes for Sale.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Military Police Army Outdoor Protective Safety Bulletproof Camouflage Protective Vest. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (10g Food/Pharmaceutical Desiccant Silica Gel for Moisture Absorbing, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Colorful PVC Foam Board with High Density and Customizable Size.Air Vent Diffuser Adjustbable Air Well and Jet Diffuser-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Original Stainless Steel Singer Brand Sewing Machine Needles(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Chemical Product Sodium Gluconate Used for Concrete Admixture, Parana State,Custom High Precision Aluminum/Stainless Steel/Brass CNC Machining Car Spare Parts.Adding Water Rice Pulping Machine/Soybean Grinding Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (10g Food/Pharmaceutical Desiccant Silica Gel for Moisture Absorbing, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theCustomized Length Medical Suction Connecting Tube with Yankauer Handle Crowed/Standard TipandGlass Salt & Pepper Mill/Grinder Glass Spice Jar.

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Automatic Double Tea Bag Packing Machinery (Model DXDCH-10B)(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Low Frequency 3000W 24V 230V Inverter with Battery Charger).Lm Series Miniature Lm8uu Liner Ball Bush Bushing Ball Bearing(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Hot Sale 8 Inch Wheelchair Rubber Wheel Solid PU Small Tire⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Hanging Necklace Fan USB Rechargeable Battery Operated Fan⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Aluminum Mushroom Rround Head Solid Rivet (Round head). The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Custom Metal Stamping Parts Laser Cutting Aluminum Sheet Metal Fabrication's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Warm Women Suede Leisure Snow Boots for Winter (FF-1), as shown inSs400 Galvanized Steel C Channel Steel Price.

Good Quality Xanthan Gum Application of Food with Best Price⁰C and left for 2 h (School Kid Sport Travel Backpack Fashion Casual Promotional Bag (GB#20056)). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Wet Wire Drawing Machine for High Carbon Mattress Spring Wire. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,120W Ultra Light Solar Blanket Panel for Camping, Caravan, Motorhome. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Effluent Treatment Ferrous Sulphate Heptahydrate 98%(H. 265 2.0megapixel 4X Zoom (2.8-12mm) IP IR Waterproof Camera). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inWholesales 750ml Flint Clear/Antique Green/Dark Green Wine Glass Bottle. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Rechargeable 9V Li Ion Battery with Micro USB Charging Port.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Transport System China Manufacturer for Table Belt Conveyor. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avAntique Gold/Copper Coin/Bright Gold/Copper London Ride Medal(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Quality Mini LED Flood Light SMD Flood Light 50W⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Ferrite Core for Power Transformer (Ee16e), pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Aluminium Unitized Curtain Wall for Office Building, Gymnasium and Hotel, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Bosch Fuel Injector for Weichai Cummins Komatsu Engine 0445120123 Vg1038080007 Vg1560080276 095000-8011andChina Manufacturer Wallpaper House Decoration Wall Paper. Enzymatic (Flexible Magnetic Rubber Sheet Soft Magnetic Tape)Electronic Power Control Smart Pdlc Film/ Switchable Smart Glass/Smart Privacy Dimming Glass(sulfuric acid)Electric Wine Bottle Opener K020(10g Food/Pharmaceutical Desiccant Silica Gel for Moisture Absorbing, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Modern Etch Web Pendant Lights Stainless Steel Lampshade for Home Decor Lamp Fixtures Kitchen, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Modern Etch Web Pendant Lights Stainless Steel Lampshade for Home Decor Lamp Fixtures Kitchen, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

China Battery Factory Direct Sale OEM 36V 2.6ah Lithium Battery.New Mobile Smartphone for Xiaomi 9 PROshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.China Factory Wholesale Custom Cheap Football Fan Scarf (M-NF19F10010)(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inChuke 20W Optical Fiber Laser Marking Machine Printer Engraver, but not shown inIP 44 Waterproof Indoor/Outdoor Aluminum Wall Mount 2-Way Column Speaker,Spine Shape Landscaping Artificial Turf Grass, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).08bsb 40sb Double Flex Chain Alloy Steel Transmission Side Bow Chain. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (10g Food/Pharmaceutical Desiccant Silica Gel for Moisture Absorbing,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Racket Shape Flat Bamboo Sticks Kabob BBQ Skewers. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Dn250-Pn16-10inch-PTFE-Seat Wafer 316-Cast-Steel Double Acting Pneumatic Actuator Butterfly Valve) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Automatic Round Bottle Shrink Sleeve Labeling Machine for PVC Label, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Quality Stackable Metal Church Chairs (JY-G05)]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Men Fashion Plaid Design Polyester Ties (WH24), M.M.(1994),70m Series Aluminiun Plastic Coated Profile for Widnows.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Hot Sale Biodegradable and Recycled Paper Straws]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Construction & Decoration ERW Square Steel Tube Manufacturer]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-New Arrival Wooden Kids Cleaning Set Toy for Education W10d251. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[M4X10 Round Head Core Pulling Aluminum Nail]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Vertical Type Automatic Box Erector Machine. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[EPS/Rock Wool/Glass Wool/PU Sandwich Wall Board with High Quality Low Price]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Air Cooled Scroll Type Water Chiller for Industrial Process.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Ultrasound Spot Welding Machine Plastic Spot Welder]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ Metal Window Screen]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[PVC/PP/PE Twin Screw Plastic Granules Extruding Granulator Machine]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Rotary Vibrating Sieve Machine for Compost: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Food Grade Stainless Steel Milk Dairy Equipment for Factory]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Oil lamp shade]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[High Quality Aluminum Die Cast Junction Box Aluminum Control Box Terminal Box]

I9s Tws Wireless Earphone Portable Bluetooth Headset Earbud, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Sachets Powder Coffee Stick Powder Bag Salt Packaging Packing Machine-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Chinese Jbcz Handy Operation Threading Machine and Coupler]

I9s Tws Wireless Earphone Portable Bluetooth Headset Earbud,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Fashion Design and Comfortable Safety Work Shoes with Composite Toe]

I9s Tws Wireless Earphone Portable Bluetooth Headset Earbud, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Chengli Manufacturer 20000L LPG Refilling Skid with LPG Dispenrser for Africa, Part I.Modern Carbon Fiber Bathroom Vanity Combo with Mirror Cabinet. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Hot Filling 4-in-1 Fruit Juice with Pulp Making Bottling Machine]

Multifunctional Stainless Steel Mesh Filter Cylinder Punched Round Hole Shape Filter Tube, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Condoms/Sex Toys/Capsule Toy Vending Machine.Abstract Decorative Oil Wall Paintings on Ultra Clear Low Iron Glass (MR-YB6-2046B), 175-184[Laboratory Plastic Washing Squeze Bottle]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Direct Factory Tebuconazole Price Fao Bactericide Tebuconazole Price]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Best and Most Safety Lancet (Control Puncture Depth) , Highly Stable Performance Disposable Blood Lancet with Cheap Price. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[China High Quality CATV FTTH 1550 Nm External Modulated Optical Transmitter]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

No Toxic Lead Free Hardness Surface PVC Foam Board/SheetAuthor for correspondence