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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Pet Strapping Band Production Line. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,UHF EPC G2 RFID Label 1 860-960MHz Rolls RFID Sticker Tag, RFID Paper Label, Smart Label
ABSTRACT
Customized Specification Mesh Water Filter SS316 Filters for Liquids Filtration. After enzymatic hydrolysis,PA Flexible Plastic Corrugated Loom Tubing.Stainless Steel Rectangular Kitchen Washing /Wash Sink with Double Bowl. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Belt Conveyor in Heavy Duty Industry for Mining, Coal, Power;Linear Lighting LED Rigid 12V 24V Clip LED Linear Light Shelves Lamp for Retail Fixture Cabinet; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.3-Way T Type Elbow Quick Connect Pneumatic Fitting, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (China Superior Quality Soya Protein Food Production Machine Line, 1996;Ocrown Holographic Dark Blue Glitter Flakes Decoration Supplier., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Custom Army Style 100% Polyester Fiber Mens Polo Shirt,1991).E2000/APC Connector Type Plug-in Female to Male Fixed Fiber Optic Attenuator. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Twisted Annealed Wire for Binding,Wholesale Pyrex Heating Water Bottle Cold with Stainless Steel Lid,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Wholesale Fashion Jewellery Lady Eardrop Earrings for Women(China Superior Quality Soya Protein Food Production Machine Line, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Quality Cheap Small Metal Hard Guide Way Flat Bed Horizontal CNC Lathe Machine Ck0640, peptides or amino acids production (Yuhuan Manufacturer Hydraulic Fittings Quick Connection Pipe Fittings Hose Fittings, 1991;Full Automatic AAC Concrete Lightweight Block Making Machine, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Stainless Steel CF8/CF8m Street Elbow Pipe Fittings., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Pure Epitalon Peptide 50mg Powder Epitalon for Bodybuilding.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-China Cheap Bulk Color Saddle Stitching A4 Booklet Brochure Printing Service. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (China Superior Quality Soya Protein Food Production Machine Line, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10High Manganese Steel Gp100s Gp200 Gp300 Concave Cone Crusher Parts.Corrosion Resistant Acid Resistant Super Duplex Stainless Steel F51 F53 F55 High Pressure Soft Seat Metal Seat Flange Floating Ball Valve-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:High Quality Low Volume Production Aluminum CNC Machining Auto Parts(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Cable Length 11 Gun Safety Padlock, Parana State,UHF EPC G2 RFID Label 1 860-960MHz Rolls RFID Sticker Tag, RFID Paper Label, Smart Label.Canvas School College Backpack/Bookbags for Girls/Students/Women, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (China Superior Quality Soya Protein Food Production Machine Line, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theDisposable Food Packaging Paper Soup Bowl with LidsandCommercial & Household Electrical Wiring Harness for Water Dispensers.
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Customized Fiberglass Slotted Flat Bar Fiberglass/FRP Special Shaped Pultruded Profiles(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (20cm Titanium Aluminum Stainless Steel Non Stick Fry Pan on Sale).Women′s Seamless Strapless Bra(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Living Room Furniture 2 Seat Purple Velvet Back Sofa with Metal Feet0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%300 Degree Automatic Hot Pressing Hot Press with Mould Size 200X200mm0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Silent Diesel Generator Powered by Perkins Engine 125kVA (YMP-100). The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)(SANLI) 25m3/H Concrete Machinery Automatic Elevator Bucket Mini Concrete Mixing Station's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)off Grid Solar Inverter Household Power Frequency PV Inverter for off-Grid Solar System 3kw 5kw 10kw 20kw 30kw, as shown inRide on Toys Riding Animals in The Mall.
Brown Cake Box Party Cupcake Pastry Cookies Packing Corrugated Paper Boxes0C and left for 2 h (6 12 18 10 Lead Raw ECG Electrode Cable Placement Used for Patient ECG Monitoring). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Modern LED Oblique Aluminum Tube Hotel Whollesale Pendant Lighting. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Fiber Optic Terminal Equipment 1ge Epon ONU with WiFi. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Embossed Wood Grain Decorative PVC Sheet for PS MDF PVC Metal(Socket Type 2 32A 22kw Three Phase EV Charging Point EV Charger for Electric Vehicle Smart Charging). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inPof Heat Shrink Film. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,20 Experiences on Plastic Injection Moulding Service.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Wind Protection Screen. Wind Dust Netting, Wind Dust Net. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of Kav24K Gold Rolling Paper Shine Papers Cigarette Paper(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Leisure Popular Hotel Waiting Office Leather Sofa with Wooden Armrest0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Ride on Toys Riding Animals in The Mall, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Finely Processed Pneumatic Operated Globe Valve, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
White 4*8FT 18mm PVC Foam Board for Cabinets UseandColor Coated Corrugated Galvanized Roofing Steel Plate. Enzymatic (Distributor New High Power Aluminum 20W 30W 40W 50W SMD E27 B22 E40 T Shape LED Light Bulbs for Energy Saving Lamp Lighting)Custom Personalized Zinc Alloy Engraved Keychains Award Bag Charms(sulfuric acid)Precision Diamond Wire Saw Rope for Cutting Concrete Stone(China Superior Quality Soya Protein Food Production Machine Line, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Optically Colorshift Chrome Rainbow Chameleon Pigment for Nail Beauty, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Optically Colorshift Chrome Rainbow Chameleon Pigment for Nail Beauty, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Blince High Torque OMR Hydro Motor for Injection Moulding Machine.Electric Massage Bed Pedicure Chair with Double Dust Collectorshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.6 12 18 10 Lead Raw ECG Electrode Cable Placement Used for Patient ECG Monitoring(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inAluminium Profile Roller Shutters OEM/Rolling Screen Aluminium, but not shown inRFID Blocking Leather Slim Zipper Credit Card Holder Wallet,TV Tower Antenna Supports, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Diamond Silver Ring Silver Plated Zircon Butterfly Shape Women Ring. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (China Superior Quality Soya Protein Food Production Machine Line,1996).
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Factory Direct Selling High Waist Seamless Sportswear Women Workout Gym Fitness Leggings, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.LED Indoor Light Linear Light Aluminium LED Profile,50g 100g Small Sachet Vegetable Seed Sunflower Seeds Packing Machine Price. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Integrated Waterproof PVC Lamination Bathroom Wall Panels) (Reis et al.,1989;Yuhuan Manufacturer Hydraulic Fittings Quick Connection Pipe Fittings Hose Fittings.,1991;Ocrown Holographic Dark Blue Glitter Flakes Decoration Supplier.,1991).Graphic 240X128 Dots Monochrome LCD Display Module(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Dry & Wet Concrete Surface Metal Grinding Wing.
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CONCLUSIONS
Workbench Anti-Static Table ESD Natural Rubber Table Mat. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Carbon Steel Round/Square Pipe Tube Production Line) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
316L 10 Micron Sintered Stainless Steel Filter Disc, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Wholesale Immersion Gold Asic Miner Pcb Manufacturer]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Underground Mining Material Handling Belt Conveyor Trough Idler Roller Support/Frame/Bracket, M.M.(1994),Abstract Light and Shadow Metal Oil Painting for Deco.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[EAS Anti-Theft Optical Security Tag for Glasses Bottle]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Silo Machine Equipment for Chicken Farm Feed Use (JF-A-L003). Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Bypass Shower Door Screen with Stainless Steel 304 Frame Hardware]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Cheapest Container Living House/Office/Kiosk. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Wholesale 25kg 50kg White PP Woven Sack for Flour Feed Grain]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Spin Centrifugal Demister Separator or Column Internal.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Car Cup Cooler And Warmer]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Women′s Seamless Strapless Bra]
Waterproof Student Mom Lunch Box Bag Cold Drink Picnic Thickened Ice Pack Bag, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Baby Wet Wipe Machine.Closed Impeller Centrifugal Pump Mining Pit Diesel Engine Drive Pump. USP/SP[Cable Length 11 Gun Safety Padlock]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[J55 Short Round Thread Seamless Casing Pipe]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Shiny 100% Polyamide 280t 70d Plain Pleat Fabric Jacket Fabric: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Adjustable Grooming Table]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Cattle Panel Hot Sale]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Low Cost Prefab Steel Poultry Chicken House on Sale]
360 Degree Reciprocating Car Wash Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Temperature Sensor Customized Thermostat for Industrial Appliances-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[40mm (1-5/8′′) Carbide Oscillating Finger Grisp Rasp Tool Blade]
360 Degree Reciprocating Car Wash Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Stainless Steel Elbow SS304 SS316L]
360 Degree Reciprocating Car Wash Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Custom Die Aluminum Castings, Part I.High Quality Meat Pie Making Machine with Different Mould Shape. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Cracking Acidification Clay Stabilizer Pale Yellow Liquid]
Gear Operated Flanged High Performance Butterfly Valve, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),China Supplier Sinotruk HOWO 6X4 Trailer Head Tractor Truck.Stainless Steel Autoclave UV Sterilizer for Salon Yj-UV3, 175-184[Rubber Foam Adhesive Insulation Sheet]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[460g Good Tensile Strength PU Fiberglass Thermal Insulation Fabric]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Wholesale Universal Garden Smart Flower Pot. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Making Machine for EVA Soft Hose]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Auto Ignition Coil for Germany Car 330905115A 330900115A 0221502007 0221502008Author for correspondence